KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

This is a morphological study of some words of which Persian
sentences are composed and which differ from those of which Arabic
ones are constructed; each has its own peculiarity depending mainly on
the al-Jamiy dictionary (FarhangDanshgahy). In talking about the linguistic
as in 'da aji' (Iam (دَ) ' structures, the researcher mentioned the prefix 'da
coming), 'da arooh' (Iam leaving), 'da amshi' (Iam walking), 'da yamshoon'
(they are walking), etc.; such use refers to continuity or progression and it
is only used by people of Karbala.
The research has come out with the result that the loan words
mentioned in (the research entitled the Loan words used in Karbalay
dialect in danshgahy dictionary) are not words which are used only by the
people of Karbala as they are used all over Iraq.

Divorce is an inevitable state caused by disagreement between hus
bonds and wives resulting from failing in achieve the least degree of
understanding which, in turn, leads to breaking love and consolidation
ties and consequently getting into the impossibility of marriage life. A field
Study of Divource Cases in Holy Karbala City: Reality and Cases Lecturer
The study fell into four sections Section one dealt with the problem of
the study, its importance, its goals and its limitation. The problem of the
research is an answer to the following two questions: What are the causes
of divorce and the its number state in holy Karbala city? Is it increasing or
decreasing and what is the percentage?
The importance of the present research may be summarized as
follows:
1. It is an addition to knowledge.
2. It deals with the causes which lead to divorce and the obstacles
against marriage life.
3. It tries to see the percentages and rates of divorce in (2007-2008-2009).
4. To the best of the researchers ' knowledge no study has dealt with the
causes of divorce phenomenon in holy Karbala city.
5. The study is considered a description of one of the phenomena of
Karbala society.
The goals and limits of the present study may be said to achieve the
following:
1. Statistically specifying the number of divorce eases in the holy Karbala city.
2. Showing the causes of divorce in the holy Karbala city together with
their percentages for the years (2007- 2008-2009).
The study is limited to:
1. Divorce: its reality and causes.
2. Centre of the holy Karbala city.
3. The years (2007-2008-2009).
Section two: it covers the theoretical side where divorce over history
is given and also divorce in Islam giving psychologists and sociologists on
psychologically and socially in addition to three previous studies.
Section three: it has dealt with the methodology of the research
and procedures of the research such as the society and the its sample
of the research together with its instrument and its validity and also the
statistical means used.

The city of Karbala had its distinctive political history which is characterized
by the frank and obvious standpoints. Those standpoints played a
significant role not only in the history of the city but in that of the modern
politics of Iraq, for the planning of the revolution of 1920 which brought
outstanding figures took place in this city. Most of those outstanding figures
dealt with Iraq and its people.
This study is divided into three chapters. The first one is about the name
of city Karbala in language and terminology, its other names and geographical
position. The second one deals with the political history of the city after first
world war until the revolution of 1920. In this chapter we have a study of the
political reality after getting news of the British forces heading towards Basra
and forming groups of activists, let alone understanding the divisions concerning
the invasion and the autonomy practiced by the people of Karbala after
expelling Othman authority as a result of the 1915 uprising. For this reason,
the city became the centre of attention leading other nationalistic forces in
Najaf, Karbala and the tribes in the centre of Iraq.tribes in the centre of Iraq.

The present research entitled (The Iranian Minority in Kerbala county
and the Ottomans Administration stand in Baghdad stand towards (1842–
1916 A. D.) dealt with the prevailing of the Iranian minority in the holy
Kerbala city showing that the people of the Iranian community in the city
were either tradesmen, pilgrims, or religious sciences students in addition
to some theologians (highly pious men) who lived in the city.
The period of carrying out the research started from 1842 A. D. which
witnessed the happening of Kerbala event when the city was attacked
by the troops of Baghdad county governor, Muhammad Najeeb Basha
and then its surrounding and breaking into it which resulted in leading
to murdering a great number of people among whom a number of the
Iranian community in the city ,which led to the interference of the Qajary
state. The period of the research ended in 1916 A. D. when the ottomans
left Kerbala during the breaking out of the first world war.

No doubt, oration is important to study as it deals with speech + its
purpose and its handling out so as to help other understand and also to
express speaker' thoughts and intentions. The human said of the Quranic
oration is noticed through the way recipients think of such an oration.
Its dimensions are too varied but still keeping one intention. The ways
the Quranic oration is expressed are also various and they do not usually
follow one style. And through the intellectual and cultural bridges in the
Holy Quran, Ahlul-Bait (peace and blessings be upon them) have learnt
much that their speeches and orations have been of the same light source.
Their meanings are varied but with one intention. This study is based on
the place where Husainees' orations have been narrated together with
the time and events in al-Taff battle and also how such orations are varied
and different in dimensions but still keeping one intention and meaning
which stems from Revelation and Holy Quran.

Due to the environment in which an Arab lives, which forced him to
accommodate to such an environment, to become a human being having
good relations with other human beings around him, was the main reason
behind his beings in a particular way when he was for the most part,
emotionally structured. Therefore; and because of the loss he usually
suffered from, this gave rise for his soul to be stamped with sorrow and
with shedding tears. As a result, he experienced elegy both in his youth
and his senescence and hiselegy was considered different from other
because of the environment and the cultural shaping.
All through the different periods of poetry, elegy had special features
which made it characterized with special features different from those of
other periods. And this what this paper came out with showing that al-
Imam al-Husain's elegy with the truthfullness it had and the emotion and
sincerity it carried was considered a transitional point, different from all the
points and periods Arabic poetry had experienced.

The present study entitled، Architectural Elements in Historical Building in
Karbala City has shed light on the building styles in Holy Karbala the historical
origins and references go back to the ancient Iraqi civilization together with
what it cantains of the stages of architecture development all over centuries.
The study has included a number of architectural elements in Karbala
buildings، of which the gates which are considered the basic props in Islamic
architecture with all its types whether the gates have been alike or with straight
axis or with reversed axis. It also studied the open field (courtyard) and the
pillars and buttresses styles together with the tiles which the Muslim artist
has inspired and borrowed its types from the conical sides and shapes Iraqis
invented in the Sasani Era. In addition to this the study has also focused on
the other elements، the most important of which has been represented by
the doorstep and its types beside the joints and archs with the geometric
characteristics of high aesthetic values found in the buildings of Karbala moving
to what the study has come out with، the fact that Karbala buildings have
been characteristized by architectural styles of ancient historical Iraqi origins.

The study of Islamic Arabic architecture is considered one of the studies
which has its great presence among the academic circles due to the fact
that through it nations are able to know their materialistic heritage which is
considered the basic part of civilization and its spokesman.
The architecture study of the holy shrines of Ahlul-Bait (pbuh) in Iraq is
an important step in providing the Arabic library with this sort of studies and
it also shows the Wuslim Iraqi architect which goes beyond thinking due to
the fact that the presence and existence of such buildings along hundreds
of years and also the architecture from they have been given، in addition to
the present and future view of the performance of the functional purpose in
a suitable and acceptable way، all this proves and enhances what we have
just said.

A field study was conducted during winter season in 2011-2012 at
field crop department -agriculture college- Kerbala university, to evaluate
the response of wheat to application of manganes and magnetized
water (var. IRAQ). The experiment was laid out in R.C.B.D with split plot
arrangement with 3 replicates. The main plots included three levels of
magnetic water strength 0 (normal water), 1500, and 3000 Gauss while
the subplots included three levels of manganes concentration applied
(0,25 and 50) mg. L-1.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is one of the most
common diseases and major cause of morbidity in elderly
men which may lead to bladder outflow obstruction and
lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although Androgen
hormones play fundamental roles in prostate growth, their
clinical significance is not completely clear. In the present
study, we assessed whether serum hormones level is a cause
of prostate disease.
Patients and Methods:
This study includes (40) patients, with benign prostatic
hypertrophy, Sample selected in AL-Hussein Hospital / the
province of holy Karbala and (40) control group with age
range (41-79) and (42-71) years respectively. The following
biochemical investigations have been studied: Testosterone,
dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) levels using ELISA method which correlated with
the disease. Also body mass index (BMI), the prostate size
and configuration by digital rectal examination (DRE) and
ultrasound, flow rate, and American Urology Association
Symptoms Index (AUASI), of the patients which correlate
hormones levels with age.
Results:
The PSA concentrations were significantly higher in
patients with BPH thanin control group (p≤0.05). The
testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in
patients with BPH thanin control group (p≤0.05), while the
DHT levels did not differ significantly in patients with BPH
from control group.