Journal of University of Babylon

In this study, the Radium-226, Thoruim-232 and Potassuim-40 in the selected fourteen types of rice
samples were collected from local markets in Slemani city- Kurdistan region- Iraq. The concentrations were
determined by using scintillation detector (NaI (Tl) -3x3). The results of the Radium-226, Thoruim-232 and
Potassuim-40 specific activities in rice samples were ranged (0.55 – 5.7) Bq Kg-1, (0.6 – 4.66) BqKg-1 and (16.11 –
20.02) Bq Kg-1, respectively. The average value of the radium equivalent activity (
) was below the average
worldwide values as reported by UNSCEAR. The values of total annual effective dose ( ) of the rice samples,
ranged from 64.66 to 355.62
.
samples were (355.62, 344.38)
The value of each of Thailand- Kallasher and Slemany_ Banikhellan
, which were higher than the the average worldwide value 290
reported by UNSCEAR. In general, the mean value of
was 196.20
as
. Therefore, the studied samples
are safe in term of the radiological health hazards.

Discuss the outcome of the mitral valve surgery in Ibn Al Bitar Center for cardiac surgery from 2004 to 2018
with 2250 patients ,Assesses the factors of risk for surgical mortality in those who perform surgery for mitral
valve and Improve that the out come of mitral valve replacement much better than other types of mitarl valve
surgery.The type of this research is a retrospective of a total 2250 patients who performed mitral valve surgery
from 2004 to 2018 in Ibn Al Bitar Center for cardiac surgery (Baghdad /Iraq). The mitral valve surgery was
mitral valve replacement 82.5% , closed mitral commissurotom 7.1%, open mitral commissurotomy 4.9% and
redomitral valve surgery 5.5% . There are only 22 patients die and the causes of the death were Hemorrhage and
cardiac temponad in 9 patients (40%), infective endocarditis in 6 patients (27.2%), heart failure in 4 patients
(18.1%) , and thromboembolism in 3 patients (13.6%). This study showed that Mitral valve surgery will be
performed with a suitable operative mortality that compares favourably with leads to different printed series and
future survival for bicuspid valve replacement square measure wonderful additionally to it the incidence to
reoperation were considerably less than closed and open commissurotomy,so the bicuspid valve replacement is
that the best style of bicuspid valve surgery.

This study was carried out in consultation clinic of the Chest and Respiratory Diseases Center Erbil city-Iraq from 1st
January to 31 December 2018 .
The results explained that from total of 1986 consecutive suspects with TB disease in Erbil city 103(%5.2) were
pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection depended on microscopic examination of sputum specimens with AFB stain
and sputum culture on Lowenstein Jensen Media While histopathology screening (Biopsy- In cooperation with
histopathology's physician ) indicate that from 1883 (%94.8) negative cases
8(%0.4) was extrapulmmonary
tuberculosis (EPTB) infection.
According to nationality, most cases were Iraqi from Erbil city52 (%50.5) while the number of non-national patients
Syrian were 13(%68.4)and others were from different nationalities 6(%31.6), while Iraqi emigrant patients were
32(%31.1). According to age group most cases were at age group25-34 and 15-24years were 27(%26.2) and
22(%21.3) respectively and only 2(% 1.9) patients were more than 65 years old .Most of patients were male
55(%53.4) and 48 (%46.6) were females.
Detection of (TB) by GeneXpertMTB/RIF assay for contributing to the rapid diagnosis of the disease and their
resistance to drug rifampin (RIF) indicated that all 103(%100) samples were positive to GeneXpertMTB the target
DNA detected by real time PCR which is needed to start treatment quickly, while in 11(%10.6) samples the
Rifampicin resistance DNA was detected which is need treatment with second-line agents. Conclusion: The results of
current study indicate that diagnosis and detection of TB infection by microscope, culture and rapid diagnosis by PCR have the same accuracy.

In the current study determination of the natural and artificial activity level on samples sediment the Euphrates
River on Babylon governorate using -ray spectrometry technique with NaI(Tl) detector. Where 50 samples of
sediment Euphrates river.
The results revealed that the average values in( Bq/kg) for Uranium , Thorium Potassium
And
, and samples sediment were ( 21.815, 5.326, 273.377, 0.879) respectively. The hazard indexes were
also calculated, where the radium average equivalent activity Raeq was 56.084 , And Hazard index for -ray ( )
was 0.420 , The average absorbed does in Air (AD) was 27.347, The results of the present study have shown that
the rates of Specific activity and radiological hazard effects Rate for Gamma ray in samples sediment the
Euphrates River on Babylon governorate were all lower than the value of the global limit.

The present study has been conducted at laboratories of department of animal production techniques, AI-Musaib
Technical College during the period extended from march 2014 to march 2015 to determine relationship of
follicular size with dimensions of genital system of female Iraqi buffaloes. One hundred and twenty genital system
of adults non- pregnant buffaloes slaughtered at abattoirs of Babylon province were collected at the time of
slaughter and transported to the laboratory within 2 hours. The. A total of 240 ovaries were removed and collected.
The diameter of the ovarian follicles were measured, divided into three categories, small (2-5 mm), medium (6-10
mm) and large (11-20 mm) . The results showed that the ovaries in local buffaloes appear as oval , light pinkish ,
firmed consistency and smooth. A significant increased (P <0.05) in the dimensions of right and left ovaries (
length, width and thickness) in the genital system which their ovaries contained large and medium follicles
compared with that contained small follicles. A significant increased (P <0.05) was observed in length of right and
left of ovarian tube in the genital system which their ovaries contained large and medium follicles compared with
that contained small follicles. The result of study also showed that significant increased (P <0.05) in length and
diameters of body and cervix of uterus and right and left of uterine horns in the genital system which their ovaries
contained large and medium follicles compared with that contained small follicles. We conclude from this study
that changing the size of follicle from small to large has a significant effect on the dimensions of the genital system
of females Iraqi buffaloes.

The study included the isolation and diagnosis of the fungi from the door of the laboratories (microbology
,technical biology )in the technical institute of Babylon from the medical department. The study appeared many
of the different kinds of fungi: Absidia sp,Candidia sp, Aspergillus sp,Penicillum sp.
The rate of appearance of the type of the fungi in microbology laboratory is the higher than the technical
biology laboratory other.The rate of appearance of the fungi Aspergillus niger was 36.8% and Absidia
,Penicililum was 21.05% , Candida sp was 15.7 % , Aspergillus flavus 5.2% while in the technical biology the
fungi Aspergillus terrus was 15.7% and the fungi Penicililum sp,Candida albcans, Apergillus niger was 20% ,
Absidia sp ,Alternaria sp was 10%.The study showed the influence of the heating water extract hot watering
extract the race track in the concentration which is used( 10,20,30, 40) mg /ml on some of fungi. The rate of
reduction is appeared 100% of the fungi Candida albicans in the concentration (30,40) mg/ml and the range of
the diameter colony of the yeast Candida albicans in the concentration 30 mg/ml the (1)sanatamtar. While the
fungi Aspergillus niger in the concentration (10,20)mg/ml is not given any resistance toward the extract.

This study included the preparation of composite samples (Bi2-(x+y)CdyAgx Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ )by solid state
reaction method and under hydro static pressure (8ton/cm2) interaction and annealing temperature (850 C) also
determine the effect of the laser on the structural and electrical properties in the compound in various
concentrations of x where x=(0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) observed by examining the XRD , the best ration of cooperation for
(x) is 0.3 as the value of a=b=5.3799(A) , c=36.22(A) showed that the installation of tetragonal structure.

In this research the composites materials were prepared by (hand Layout).The composite material consist
of the base material(Unsaturated polyester Resin) and consist from the support material is the (Carbide Tungsten)
With different Weight ratios (0 ,0.75 ,1.5 ,2.25, 3%) respectively .We have studied the adhesiveness characteristic
of the Wear when we change the forcing load for all the specimens and we deepened three loads (5 ,10 ,15 N) with
the stability of speed ,we found out that the Wear rate increases with the increase of forcing load we also examined
the (Tensile and Hardness) and we found that the value of the hardness increases with the increase of weight
fracturing to get its higher value in the rate of 3% .

In this research the composites materials were prepared by (hand layout). The composites material consist of
the base material (epoxy resin) and consist from the support material is the powder of olive seeds with micro size
of this material is (53µm) with different weight ratios (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3 %) respectively. Also (tensile and
impact) and thermal conductivity were studied. The results showed that the best was to test the impact at the
weight ratio (1.5 %). As for the thermal conductivity test was the best result in the weight ratio (3%)

This study included the investigation of the ability of some gram positive and gram negative bacterial species
to produce viscous layer which play a role in biofilm formation and complication of pathogenic infections and
resistance to antibiotic therapy.
Forty five bacterial isolates were used in this study, they include: Escherichia coli(13 isolates),
Staphylococcus aureus(10 isolates), Acintobacter baummanni (10 isolates), Klebsiella pneumonia (7 isolates) and
Enterobacter aerogines (5 isolates).
Two methods were used to detect biofilm production which include: Congo red agar medium (CRA) and
Microtiter (MTP) method.
The results showed that Microtiter plate method was more sensitive for slime layer detection as the rate of
production was 48.88% from all isolates as compared with 42.22% positive results in Congo red agar method.
There are clear differences in moderate and negative results for both methods.
Also study resistance isolates to antibiotics, The results showed that
all isolates were 100% sensitive to Imipenem and Amikacin, while the isolates were resistance 28.8% to
Tobramycin, whereas Norfloxacin resistance was only by Acintobacter baummanni, with 22.2%, While the ratio
of resistant of isolates to gentamicin was 31.1%

The study aimed to know effects of alcohol extract of Mentha piperita plant roots on larva and hatching eggs of
Culex pipiens mosquitoes after exposure to different concentrations (100, 300, 500, 700, 900) mg/l from extracts. The
results appeared that percentage of larva mortalities was (37, 55, 63, 72, 91) %, (10, 24, 33, 42, 76) %, (16, 28, 41, 66,
67) % and (12, 18, 20, 23, 47) % for first, second, third and fourth phases and LC50 was (280), (680), (600) and (more
than 900) mg/l respectively, and percentage of hatching eggs (81, 78, 76, 73, 60) % and LC50 (more than 900) mg/l.
Also, results didn’t show a significant differentiation between the percentage of larva mortalities stages but showed it
among the percentage of hatching eggs in the level of probability (0.05(. the concentration showed positive correlation
coefficients with percentage of mortalities and negative correlation coefficient with the percentage of hatching eggs.

Many surfaces suffer cracks and external corasion such as turbo blades and oil pipes. In order to solve these
problems are used coatings of high durability and low cost. In the current research, the powder of the basalt with
multiple oxides supported by metal (Ni) 50% was sprayed models with thermal spraying by flame and at multiple
spraying distances of (10,12,14,16,18,20) cm after the preparation of the models coated on a base of alloy steel, the
process of sintering of the samples at (700, 900, 1100) ℃ and within two hours have been done. The mechanical
tests were (strength adhesion, porosity, hardness, wear and tear) (SEM) for prepared samples before and after
sintering. The results showed that the best spraying distance was 16 cm and the best heat treatment is ( (1100 ℃),
depending on the results of the adhesion strength tests at (24.43 MPa) and (8.653%) porosity, (1140 Hv) and the
hardness of the Vickers and at a constant sliding speed (12000 cm / min). The results of the scanning electron
microscopy showed clear surface consistency after thermal conductivity with a few pores and treatments the best
(1100.).

In recent years, with the spread of the internet, there is a large amount of data available at it. Therefore, it
becomes necessary to find fast search engines to retrieve images and documents. Image retrieval is a very significant
area in digital image processing. To understand and learn more about "image retrieval system", the current study
presents a review to describe the types of image retrieval techniques, explain the advantages and disadvantages of them.
Moreover, this paper reviews different research studies and methodologies that applied to the area of CBIR.

An experiment for the agricultural season2017-2018 was carried out with Rosa spin lath hose in Plant
production Dept. Technical College Al-Mussaib in order to study the effect of the amino acid Drin and Humic acid
in some vegetative and floral qualities are Included(Plant height, number of branches plant-1, leaf area, number of
leaves per plant, number of flowers, leaf content of chlorophyll , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium)The
Experiment included two factors, the first factor, foliar spray of amino acid Drin of three concentrations (0, 4, 8
ml.L-1), 2nd factor was soil application of Humic acid concentrations (0, 4 ml.L-1) and three seedlings for each
treatment with three replicates .The cutting was planted at the beginning of December In polyethylene bags after
filling it with the loam soil the bags were irrigated and followed up during the research period, seedlings were
sprayed with Drin in three dates (1, 15 and 30 April 2018).A Factorial experience has been applied with a
completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied and all treatments were randomized, the statistical analysis of
the data was performed using the Genstat 2010 and the mean of the treatments was measured with the least
significant difference at the 5%.Results showed that Drin with the concentration 8 ml. L-1 gave the significant rate
in the qualities (Plant height, number of branches plant-1, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, number of flowers,
leaf content of chlorophyll , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). In the other hand, the Humic acid with 4 ml. L -1 was significantly in studied traits. Interaction between the treatment of Drin at 8 ml. L-1 with humic acid 4 ml.
L-1 give the highest rate in the studied traits.

In this paper, the connotation principally pseudo-injective semimodule which is a generalization of the notion
principally quasi-injective semimodule will be introduced, we study some properties of principally pseudo
injective semimodule. Relationship between principally pseudo-injective and principally quasi-injective
semimodule is given. A semimodule
is called principally pseudo-injective (shortly, P.P.-injective) if for any
cyclic subsemimodule Ų of , any monomorphism from Ų into can be extended to endomorphism of .

The dynamic behavior of the remaining thermal carrier at different interval times in the high pressure
cylinder of a VVER – 440 MW reactor has been studied, when the sudden leakage occurred in the first cooling
loop. The study included the effect of the diameter and the location of the leakage hole, in addition to the
temperature of the thermal coolant within the first cooling loop prior to the start of the leakage process.
An experimental equation was developed for the distance of the remaining thermal carrier within the high
pressure cylinder as a function of time based on the relative diameter, the relative height of the coolant flow and
the relative temperature of the thermal coolant. Important conclusions are made that could contribute to building
nuclear safety systems for reactors of the type (Pressurized Water Reactor), PWR– 440 with power of 440 Mw.

Awassi lambs rations with it's effect on productive traits as well as the secondary cuts parts of carcasses .
A total number of 28 Awassi lambs were used in the research , those lambs were randomly distributed into 7
treatments, lambs fed on 4 experimental rations as follows the first ration was concentrated ration without any
supplement (control), the second ration supplemented with 3.0 kg / ton of allicin , the third ration supplemented
with 2.0 kg / ton ginger powder , the fourth ration supplemented with a combination of allicin (1.5 kg /ton) and
ginger powder (1.0 kg / ton).
Lambs fed by group feeding along the experiment which had been lasted 91 days.
The productive traits were studied such as a daily and total weight gains as well as feed conversion ratio and the
consumed quantity of concentrated and rough feed.
Twenty one lambs were slaughtered (three lambs for each treatment) to study the secondary cuts parts of the
carcasses.
Results revealed non significant differences among treatments in the initial and final weights and daily and total
weight gains.
There were no significant differences in the consumed feed among treatments and feed conversion ratio.
Results indicated also non significant differences in weights of head among treatments . Meanwhile there were
significant differences (P<0.05) in skin and legs weights among treatments .

The adapted meteorological elements in this study, wind speed and air temperature were used in order to
calculate the variation of wind speed with altitude, at Hillah city center during 2017. Wind speed and air
temperature were observed for two different heights 10 m, 15 m. These observations have been done during 24
hour under various conditions of atmospheric stability. Richardson number was calculated as an indicator to
estimate the conditions of stability, it should be noted that most of observations were within unstable and neutral
conditions. Roughness indicators such as roughness length and zero displacement length was used which
determined from previous studies performed at study area. In order to determined the horizontal wind speed, the
observations were taken at deferent heights within boundary layer by using the logarithmic wind profile which
involve the indicator of stability and frictional wind speed. In addition the correction coefficient of Richardson
number was calculated through stable and unstable conditions. Besides, the horizontal wind speed was
calculated and then compared with the practical values.

The Research had been conducted to the resid assess ues of Enrofloxacin in broiler tissues before and after
heat treatments. A total number of 60 , on day old broiler chicks were given Enrofloxacin (10%) at a dose of 1ml
/2 leter of drinking water at 38-40 days old. Birds had been euthanized at 41,43 and 45 days. assessment of
Enrofloxacin residue were estimated in their muscles and livers before and after heat treatments. Results illustrated
a significant difference of Enrofloxacin residues in pectoral muscles at 41,43 and 45 days before heat treatment
and it was non-significant after heat treatment in the same days. Moreover there were high Significant differences
(P<0.01) at boiling, grilling, and microwaves as compared with the control. Likewise there were no significant
differences of the residues in the thigh muscle between days of the study but it was highly significant (P<0.01) in
comparison with boiling , grilling , and microwaves treatments at the same days of the study as compared with the
control. Results revealed also no significant differences at liver tissues at the days of the study as compared with
the control. Meanwhile it was significant (P<0.05) at microwaves treatments but it was non-significant in days and
it was highly significant (P<0.01) by boiling, grilling, and microwaves as compared with the control.

The study was carried out in the Laboratories of Al-Mussyab Technical college and in biology
Department/Babylon university and Al-Jafflawy Avian farm in Babylon. During the period from October 2018
until March 2019 to investigate the effect water extracted of Melissa officinalis and Lead acetate in drinking water
on semen physiological parameter and antioxidant status of Ross 308 Roosters.
The study was held on 100 Roosters of Ross 308 at age of 56-60 weeks with average weight 5-6 Kg . The
Roosters were randomly distributed on equal groups .The First group(A) was given distilled water which regarded
as control. The Second group (B) was given the waer extracted of Melissa officinalis leaves in level of 100mg/Kg
of body weight/L. The Third group (C) was given Lead acetate in drinking water 0.5 mg/Kg of body weight/L. The
Fourth group (D) which was given water extract of Melissa officinalis (100mg/Kg of B.W/L) and (0.5mg/Kg of
B.W/L) of Lead acetate in drinking water. The semen was collected weekly to evaluate the ejaculated volume
concentration, abnormalties, sperm resistance to salt and level of individual and mass motality.The antioxidant
status was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde ( MDA) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) also, body and
testes weight was gain weekly .
The study demonstrated that there was significant increase in seminal ejaculate volume and concentration,
salt resistance and individual and mass motality in group(B) which given the water extracted of Melissa officinalis,
and there was significant increase in seminal abnormalities in group(C) which given Lead acetate in drinking
water. So the study demonstriated that there was significant increase in TAC Level in seminal plasma of group(B)
when there was significant increase in Level of MDA in seminal plasma of group(C).

thacrylate),that the films were prepared by spin coating method. Some of optical properties of poly(methyl
methacrylate)film have studied, which includes (energy gap , absorbance spectrum, transmittance spectrum,
reflectance ,extinction coefficient, refractive index, absorption coefficient, imaginary and real dielectric constant)
,this study shows that having different properties due to the difference in thickness .The measurements were taken
for different thickness (206,116,87,66,47 nm ) and different number of rotation (1000,2000,3000,4000,5000 rpm ) respectively.

The experiment was conducted during winter season in 2018 under plastic house at Azawia- Babylon in
(C.R.D) design with three replicates consisted of seven treatments such as spray of foliar nutrition biomin 221with
concentration 1‚1.25‚1.5 ml. litre-1 water and folicist with concentration 1‚1.5‚2 ml. litre-1 water as well as control
treatment (without spraying) on cucumber plant (Omega variety) were grown in plastic house as follows three times ‚
The first spraying was conducted during flowering and the second spraying after two weeks of the first and the third
after two weeks of the second . This study aims to determine the effect of foliar spray by nutritions biomin 221 and
folicist in growth and yield of cucumber planted in plastic house.Results indicated that in vegetative growth
characteristics (plant length ,the number of leaves and dry weight of the shoot) and fruiting growth characteristics (fruit
long , fruit weight ‚ the number of fruits.plant-1 and the one plant yield) in spray of folicist with concentration 1.5 ml.
litre-1 (323.7 cm ‚ 88.33 leaf ‚31.67 gm) of vegetative growth characteristics sequentially and (23.50 cm ‚113.85
gm‚43.03 fruit.plant-1 and 4.900 kg .plant-1) of fruiting growth characteristics sequentially and treatment of biomin 221
with concentration1.25 ml.litre-1 in vegetative growth characteristics (309.3cm‚70.33 leaf‚25.92gm) sequentially and
fruiting growth characteristic (21.03cm‚111.01gm‚40.78 fruit.plant-1 and 4.523 kg.plant-1) sequentially.

Mutual funds are one of the most widely recognized financial innovations in the world, By providing an
opportunity for savers and small investors who do not have adequate financial resources or have insufficient
experience or time to enter the security markets. The study began with a major problem: "How will mutual
funds be reflected on the Saudi Stock Market Index?" Which included a range of intellectual and practical sub
questions because of the growing need for mutual funds that allow savers and investors to operate their funds in
funds. To deal with securities within the financial market. The data of the private investment funds in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 2000-2017 were analyzed in terms of relationship and impact on the
market value index using the statistical program (SPSS.v25) and (Excel), The study reached a number of
conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation relationship between the very strong
and medium between the mutual funds and the market value index, as well as the existence of a relationship of
significant statistical significance between them.

This research investigated the effect of the use of black seed powder , cinnamon, yeast and their mixtures on
the productive performance of the Rose meat breeds, where they distributed 240of one day old 40gm/chick body
weight (Ross strain) randomly on 8 treatments , each treatment included two replicate (15chicks/replicate) and fed
on astandard deit with addition 0.05% yeast Saccharomycec cerevisiae to second treatment , 0.4%cinnamon
powder to third treatment, 0.4% black seed powder to fourth treatment 0.2% Cinnamon powder mixture with
0.025% yeast for the fifth treatment, 0.2% for each cinnamon black seed powder mixture, for the sixth treatment,
0.025% yeast mixture with 0.2%black seed powder for the seventh treatment, the triple mixture of 0.025% yeast
and0.2% for each cinnamon black seed powder for the eighth treatment, and the first treatment was left on the
ordinary diet with out addition as control.
Weekly weights with weekly and total weight gain, weekly and the total feed consumption rate, weekly and the
total dietary conversion efficiency were calculated.
The results showed significant differences in weekly weight rate weekly and total weights gain toward the
treatments (T3, T4, T6, T7, T8) compared with the control treatment (T1) and were not significant with the second
and fifth treatments (T2, T5) and the last two treatments were not related Significant differences with control
treatment in these two characters, As well as the results showed no significant differences in feed consumption
between the additional treatment and control factors, except for the third treatment containing 0.4% cinnamon
powder. The cinnamon powder had significant differences compared to the control treatment in feed consumption
rate and was not significant with the rest of the additive treatments. as well as The results showed that there was a
significant decrease in the conversion efficiency of all additive treatments compared to control treatment (T1) and
the bestest of the results toward the fourth treatment (adding black seed powder) was significant with the first
treatment (control) and the secon(yeast addition). and was not significant with the rest of the additive treatments.

This study was aimed A series of laboratory experiments were carried out, including the study of the
physiological characteristics of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, especially the effect of type of medium, temperature,
acidity and saline concentrations on the growth of the pathogen and on its production capability on reproductive
structures (sclerotia).
Results showed that the type of media had a significant effect (0.05) on growth average of S. sclerotiorum and on
its ability to produce sclerotia. The growth of the fungus was significantly higher in Moringa oleifera leaves medium
(Mo), but substantially decreased in Petroselinum crispum (Pc) compared to that in PDA. In contrast, the formation of
sclerotia substantially decreased in Pc medium (4 sclerotia/ plate) followed by Mo (7 sclerotia/ plate) compared with
PDA (25 plate / plate). The highest rate of growth of S. sclerotoirum was at 20 oC on the seventh day after inoculation,
followed by growth at 25 oC and at 15 oC followed by 30 oC and the lowest growth was at 35 oC. It was found that the
optimum pH for growth of S. sclerotiorum was at 5.5, but when pH increased to 4.5 the production of sclerotia was
minimized to 44%. Also, the increasing of alkalinity to 8% resulted in a decrease of fungal growth to about 84%
compared to the growth at pH = 5.5.
Salt concentrations (4%, 6% and 8%) were revealed inhibitory effect on sclerotia production by S. sclerotiorum,
but this effect negatively correlated with increasing concentration of NaCl. The results also showed reduction in their
production and deformity in their shaps at 4% concentration. After this concentration, fungus failed to produce the
sclerotia. It can be concluded that this study highlighted the epidemiological components of the disease, which lie
mainly in the application of the disease management strategy.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) was prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) using Q-Switching Nd: YAG laser with
λ
1064 nm, Repetition rate (f )= 6 Hz , and Energy (E) = 500 mJ at room temperature under
vacuum condition with
torr. The optical properties included the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient,
index of refractive for the films of ZnO was evaluated and the results are discussed. The energy band gap of thin
film ZnO 3 (eV) at room temperature. The optical transition was found to be direct and allowed transition.
Moreover, UV–visible spectra were used to evaluate the ZnO energy gap. FTIR spectra for ZnO used to presence
of Zn-O bonding.

We are concerned in the paper with spectral properties of indefinite Sturm – Liouville type problems with Cauchy
boundary conditions where differential equations coefficients are real valued integrable functions, and the spectral
parameter is also purely complex number. And also we get bounds on the real and imaginary parts of indefinite Sturm-
Liouville problem with cauchy conditions.

The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which the management of high Involvement affects the
dimensions of decision-making, information acquisition, revenue sharing, and knowledge ownership in the self
efficacy variable of human resources. The study was applied in a sample of Iraqi faculties (217) . The researchers
reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that it is possible to benefit from the mechanisms
and the dimensions of the management of high containment in the development of the self-efficacy of human
resources. The main recommendations of the study were the need to give faculty members the necessary authority
to perform their work properly,Teaching