AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Translation and interpreting studies in the new millennium started to benefit from the advancements in sociology to account for the translators’ and interpreters’ subjective agency. As human actions and reactions are not always predictable, the agency can play a decisive role in the degree to which translators and interpreters intervene in the tasks they are assigned to accomplish. Different economic, social, political, and ethnic factors may lead them to consciously or sub-consciously involve to prioritize certain interests. The present study assumes that they can actively participate in ideologically subverting the ‘other’ group or community. They can make use of any textual tools at their disposal to feed their institutionalized knowledge and beliefs or ideologies into the texts or utterances they are rendering. They may not hesitate to delete, add, or replace the messages that struggle with them or their group or community’s ideological stands. Actor-network theory is the conceptual framework on which this study is based to disclose and justify possible occasions of subversion. The data are taken from Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya live simultaneous interpreting of three political speeches: Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi’s English speech at the 2017 Munich Security Conference and American President Barack Obama’s two speeches entitled ‘A New Beginning’ (delivered June 4, 2009, in Cairo) and ‘A Moment of Opportunity’ (delivered May 19, 2011, in the Department of State). The findings prove that ideological subversion in the interpreting process is inescapable.

The present research aimed at revealing the connotations given to the adjective by grammarians and tracing its structural effects: specification, clarification, veneration, praise, slander, mercifulness, detailing, generalization, and ambiguity.
This research showed that the adjective in its entirety takes into account factors around the verbal speech like speaker’s and addressee’s conditions, discourse perspective, and the linguistic context. Also, the paper revealed the effects of the adjective on the linguistic structure by deducing the effects mentioned by grammarians in different references.
This paper limited the effects of each of those connotations of the adjective to the linguistic structure. The effects mainly appeared in grammatical rules of the adjective and in some other grammatical functions, in the construction of the style, and in the multiplicity of its patterns.

Having recourse to learners' mother tongue in foreign language (FL) classes has been a controversial topic in the field of teaching English as a foreign language for a long time. There has been a great deal of claims and counterclaims that revolve around the pedagogical appropriateness of teacher usage of learners’ mother tongue in foreign language teaching. Recently, the findings of English as a foreign language (EFL) research cast doubt on the rationales of proponents of exclusive use of FL in EFL setting; and researchers come up with the reality that a rational use of first language (L1) is not only inevitable but also profitable in classrooms where teachers and learners share the same L1. Dearth of knowledge on the pedagogical reality of this issue in Iraqi EFL contexts is worth exploring. This study aimed at highlighting English language teachers’ attitudes towards using the learners' mother tongue (Arabic) in the EFL classrooms, seeking their viewpoints on the purposes for which Arabic could be used in English classes, and exploring their reasons for using it. For this end, the study was conducted on 50 EFL teachers teaching at public primary schools in Baghdad, using a questionnaire survey developed to fulfill the aim of the study. Findings of the obtained data demonstrate that teachers’ overall attitudes towards occasional use of Arabic in EFL classrooms were positive; and they reported using Arabic for both teaching and classroom management purposes. Analysis of the data also indicates that all of the participants were inclined to switch to Arabic in their EFL classrooms for a number of reasons necessary to create a more comprehensible, motivational, relaxing, friendly, and supportive classroom environment for young learners and to save time and effort in overcrowded classes.

The aim of the following research is to compare the image of globalization in linguistic consciousness among the Iraqi and Russian teachers. The research sample consisted of Iraqi and Russian teachers. The teachers were given a questionnaire consisted of 10 words and asked to write down their first reaction that comes to their minds when they see the words. After conducting the analysis, the researcher reached that the majority of reactions about globalization were positive. However, there were negative reactions for both teachers. In the light of the results of the current research, the researcher concluded a number of conclusion, including that the majority of reactions are positive- 59% for Iraqi teachers and 92% for Russian teachers- and the number of negative reactions of Iraqi teachers are more than Russian teachers- 41% for Iraqi teachers and 8% for Russian teachers- and a number of recommendations including conducting seminars on the concept of globalization and its impact on society and alerting about its benefits and risks. The researcher hopes that the analysis that he has presented here suggests more useful and accurate information and ideas about the image of globalization

The study attempts to investigate the approach of Sheikh Ismail bin Ahmed Al-Hairy in his book Faces of the Qur’an, which is considered the widest and most important literature that is concerned with revealing and clarifying Qur’anic words, with multiple connotations, including sometimes special cognates or connotations and metaphorical meanings or synonymous meanings that can be identified The context and its intent at other times, and that limiting the book to certain words that are collected by a specific link, is considered one of the curriculum, and the author has excelled in presenting his material, and he mentioned some of it in the introduction, which reduced the difficulty for the reader, and the research tried to explain the book’s approach in presenting the material, and in an analysis of the significance of the Qur’anic words, united in their words, which revolved around different meanings, so it was based on an introduction in which we spoke on the content of the research, and a statement of the plan that the researcher followed in presenting the divisions of the research subject

This study tackles the efforts of Haitham Yahya Al-Khawaja. It proves his ability to provide a serious content for the children. It seems that he is clearly interested in the children's literature; particularly, the poetry of children, such literary genre. It sheds light on its different dimensions through which he was able to choose the non-artificial simple words. His method suited the children and their dispositions. The poetry of Khawaja does not simulate the affection and sentiment only, but it is also considered as a simulation of the child because of the indirect wisdom and sermons it contains. Additionally, it always approaches the world of childhood which is full of happiness and joy. Through his four divans which target the children he was able to employ a set of values and good morals which provide them with experiences and ideas which boost the spirit of loyalty and responsibility and upgrade their selves. This study uncovers the most significant stylistic phenomena in his poetry which he used as a way of expression for the sake of the recipient child. This is clear through his interest in conveying concepts considered by the child as familiar.
The elements of the artistic imagery represented in employing the senses (such as vision, hearing, color, taste, and motion) formed a main factor and one of the prevailing characteristics in his poetry. It is because he sought to grow the imagination of the child in it. He always seeks to enrich his imagination and widen his knowledge, develop his perceptions, and deepen his awareness.
Al-Khawaja managed to write for the child and reach the highest level of poetry regarding creativity in the poem, rhythm, language, and the target he seeks in his poetry.

There is very little research in the field of Arabic language acquisition This study explores the development in the acquisition of the trill /r/ in Iraqi Arabic (IA). It attempts to answer four main questions; (1) What percentage in the total sample produced /r/ correctly? (2) Is this the age of customary, acquisition, or mastery for IA children? (3) Does the production accuracy of /r/ vary by position in the syllable and child sex? (4) How is the acquisition of /r/ developed within this age group? Samples were collected from 20 normally developing children between the ages of 1:8 and 3:7. The results showed noticeable sex differences in the acquisition of /r/. Besides, /r/ was produced more accurately in syllable-initial than syllable-final position. Statistics reflected a cross-dialectal variation among Arabic dialects, where Iraqi children acquired /r/ at different age it is acquired in other Arabic dialects, such as Jordanian Arabic. However, results of this paper go in support of previously suggested universal sound acquisition as /r/ was acquired in IA at about the same age it is acquired in English. The acquisition of /r/ was accompanied by gliding and deletion.

Notre recherche s'intitule "Intervention didactique dans une classe de langue: Une ressource pédagogique à l´apprentissage par les documents authentiques" traite de l'intervention didactique comme un axe principal pour rechercher de ce qu'est le travail de l'intervenant dans la classe de langue. La pratique de la langue dans ce lieu conduit à la formulation d'une interaction entre les participants, linguistiquement, à travers le matériel pédagogique. En termes d'approche, l'interventionnisme se divise en plusieurs axes dont les plus importants sont: l'imagination, la méthode des dialogues et les rôles joués par l'intervenant. Les dialogues sont construits à travers une interaction qui a lieu entre les deux côtés "l'enseignant et l'apprenant" en utilisant le matériel pédagogique par les "documents authentiques". Comme les dialogues commencent généralement dans la classe de langue à travers les documents authentiques présentés par l'enseignant, les interactions linguistiques commencent aussi dans cet environnement où l'enseignant et l'apprenant s'engagent dans une intervention didactique en qualité d'un intervenant linguistique.

This study discusses the political and commercial relations between Genoa money-changers and merchants and the Spanish monarchy of the Habsburgs in the first half of the sixteenth century, as Genoa represented a model of the city-state from an institutional perspective and a Spanish protectorate within the framework of the study of international relations, and to shed light on the development of these relations and their impact on Achieving relative political stability and strong economic growth for both parties, as well as studying the controversial fluctuations that Italy witnessed during that decisive period in which Italy was squeezed into the sphere of influence of the Spanish monarchy. Commercial projects and their exits are profitable despite the limited possibilities of state-building (a small regional state whose population does not exceed 250 thousand and its lands are not fertile and do not have military forces). On this basis, the research studies the role of Genoa exchanges in the finances of the Spanish Kingdom and the political and commercial relations between Genoa, Spain and France in the first half of the sixteenth century, it then deals with the economic construction between Genoa and the Spanish Habsburg imperial regime.

The article characterizes metaphors and comparisons as a means of rethinking the phenomena of the surrounding world; two directions are named within which metaphors and comparisons are studied: 1) the linguo-classification direction combines several classifications of metaphors and comparisons, which are basically focused on comparing two denotations through the meanings of word forms that are part of the trope; 2) the theoretical and conceptual direction is associated with the concept of conceptual displacement and is the basis of the theoretical and methodological study of metaphor and comparison, i.e. the modern theory of metaphor is being formed; The main attention is focused on the comparative concept of Aristotle, which postulates that a metaphor is a hidden comparison, that is, a metaphorical statement is based on a comparison or similarity of two or more objects.

The title of the research is the science of jurisprudence in the Islamic East (132-656 A.H/ 749-1288).
Study Contents: The First topic the science of jurisprudence and jurists in the Islamic East. The Second topic: The Science of jurisprudence and jurisprudence Schools in the Islamic East. The third study: Figh flags in the Islamic East.
The Science of jurisprudence is one of the most important human Sciences that Arab Muslims Knew because of its Connection with Islamic law and Consequently its Conuection to People's daily lives.
Several Secs appeared in the Islamic East that were associated with the Science of jurisprudence, Suchas the Shiite, Hanafi and shafi'I Sects, and the shafi'I Sect was the most prevalent of these Sects in the Islamic East. The Science of jurisprudence was in fluenced by these schools of thought, as it ranged between the caliphs and the Abbasid leaders between ebb and flow.
It is worth noting the emergence of agroup of the most Famous Scholarls in the fild of jurisprudence in the Islamic East at that time, Such as Al-Matridi, al- Ghazali, Al- Shashi and others. The Studied and thaught in major Schools, as well as Compiled major works that coutituted an important resource of human. Heritage.

This study investigates factors responsible for apathy or lack of interest in the study of Islamic Studies Education as a course in Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun,Ijebuode, Ogun State of Nigeria. It is believed generally that some students show lack of interest in some courses at the under graduate level and this eventually interferes with enrolment or population of students that study the course or affect their performance if they eventually enroll for the course. This study therefore investigates the factors responsible for the apathy of students towards Islamic studies and equally proffer solution to the identified problems. In carrying out this research the descriptive approach was used. The research instrument used are the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple percentages. A more positive correlation coefficient (closer to 1) reveals the validity and reliability of the instrument
This study unfolds that Inferiority complex, parental influence and poor back ground in Islamic Studies are major factors responsible for the low enrolment of students in Islamic Education Department of Tai Solarin University of Education. It was therefore recommended that good remuneration of teachers, parental support, provision of Arabic remedial class and educating the masses on the relevance of Islamic studies will go a long way to increase the turnout of students who study Islamic Studies in the University.

K. Criswell says (It seems that the Arabs before Islam had only simple concepts of building, and that their Kaaba before the year (608 AD) was no more than four walls as high as a person’s height and surrounding the sacred well of Zamzam, and that in the early days of Islam they did not bring any Islamic architecture to the conquered country Except for what serves the requirements of their prayers. At this time, nine-tenths of the population were nomadic Bedouins who saw the finest Islamic architecture in a camel's hair tent....in other words, the Arabian Peninsula constituted an almost complete architectural void).
The study will discuss the presentation of some information that came in the historical and archaeological sources and references that confirm that the Arabs before Islam had architecture in the Arabian Peninsula, the first part of which is what is visible until now, such as the Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and the Prophet’s Mosque in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah , and many cities and buildings that were distributed over the countries in the Arabian Peninsula.
And the other section of Arab architecture before Islam became a trace after an eye, and the historical sources included many of them in the folds of books.
Through research, we conclude that Professor Criswell's statement now needs to be reconsidered by researchers and specialists to clarify the civilized reality of the Arabs before and after Islam, and to reveal the remaining effects that reflect the originality of Arab and Islamic architecture.

The aim of this study is to discuss United States of America foreign policy toward the Arabian Gulf during President Carter Administration. The emphasis of the paper is on the role of the National Security Adviser namely Zbigniew Brzezinski securing Carter Doctrine as a policy.
After the Iranian revolution and the Soviets invasion of Afghanistan, US policy toward the Gulf region was rather passing through tremendous changes. To protect the American interests in the area, President Carter had to draw a new policy. In the end he came up with Carter Doctrine. This research is more interested in the decision-making during Carter’s era. Therefore, the process of this policy and how it came about would be discussed in detail. Furthermore, a background of those participants in drawing that policy as well as the struggle among them would be discussed too.

The research aims to identify the obstacles to the application of quality assurance in primary schools in the center of Babil Governorate from the point of view of school principals and their assistants. The scale was then distributed by the researcher to a group of school principals and their assistants, and according to their responses, the results were extracted.

Journalists have a great responsibility in relation to the news published and presented to the public as they collect, analyze, and write news stories. Many questions revolve around the journalists' practices concerning the duties that they must commit to in their profession. This study aims to explore the state of ethical decision-making among journalists in the UAE and the extent to which education as a factor influences their practices. The study results show that most journalists were unable to make an ethical and fair decision in the ethical dilemmas that they may face while performing their job. Education has also been shown to have a definite influence on ethical decision-making.154

The study of functional aging and spatial creation of indigenous industries and their economic determinants from industrial geographic studies that depend on the applied and statistical approach, helps in giving numerical and quantitative indicators of the natural, human and technological changes of the original industries and how the attraction, polarization, spatial differences and the environment can be used in the production of new products by alternative industries. Which was developed according to the spatial elements that show the importance of the existence of new industrial sites, and thus activating the industrial movement in the regions and cities of the governorate, so we find that studying such topics requires a large information cooperation between the competent authorities to obtain development and industrial data, as well as economic data that enables the researcher to reach the required levels of sustainability, job aging ratios and spatial creation of original industries through the application of statistical programs, including the statistical program spss-v17, and the economic industrial measurement software EVIEWS 10.5, to extract the digital results, which gave importance to the data extracted from the analysis of the tables mentioned below, as well. Helped use Quantitative Excel programs, and the v14-minitab program, to reach accurate industrial indicators that enabled the research to come up with immediate and future digital outputs of how to determine the economic determinants affecting the original industries and create other developmental ones for the industry, making it more effective to achieve high economic development rates. The research focused on topics related to the spatial distribution of the original industries and its impact on the aging and creation and the spatial relative distribution of the population and workers in various industries, as it came to the districts of Kalati (588221,243076,286288,156370,142614,52526) respectively, as well as the economically active population in Wasit Governorate by gender for the period (2018-2019). 2020), showing the indicators of the industrial structure of the original industries and the impact of geographical and industrial determinants and the obstacles affecting the functional aging and spatial creation of the original industries in Wasit Governorate, and the statistical analysis of the ratios of quantitative concentration coefficients in the districts of food industries came (1,2, 1,1, 0,1 (0,3, 1,3, 0,4%), respectively, the size of the variance, the structural difference, and the redistribution coefficients of the newly created volumetric composition, as well as the density ratios, the strength of the fabrication and the least and most innovations took place according to the original industries, as their percentages were recorded (0.68,0.40,0,57,0,31,0,20,0,34,0,39,0.27,0,55, 0,56) respectively. Its reflection on the proportion of the industrial interconnectedness of the original industries using the v17 spss and v14-minitab program, and how to benefit from the redundant and newly developed industries to improve the economic development measurement in Wasit governorate for the year 2020, and the percentages of the indicators of proportionality, complementarity, dependability and efficiency of the original and subsidiary industries created in the research area came to help in Extracting results based on EVIEWS 10.5 for sustainable measurement and v14-minitab in the governorate from 2020 to 2030

Through the Belt and Road Initiative, China confirms its rise as an international power to compete with the United States of America, and thus aims to follow a policy of cordoning off American attempts and responding to its strategy based on heading towards Asia (Pivot to Asia) and preventing its naval fleets from controlling the waterways of the world, which threatens to close China's energy and trade corridors in the event of military tensions, and China, on the other hand, emphasizes the strengthening of China's soft power. As for the internal causes, through the project, China seeks to support the interior and western regions of China, which suffer from slow economic growth, through the transfer of goods and services from the eastern ports, in which capital and labor are concentrated, which helped raise their economic growth rates.

This study aims to highlight the importance and role of waterfalls and waterfalls in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq and their uses in the fields of tourism activity. And employed to develop tourism in the study area. For the purpose of reaching the main objectives and investigating its hypothesis, the research is divided into three axes: The first axis dealt with the definition of the study area and its subjects, The second axis then dealt with the current reality of waterfalls and waterfalls in the study area, While the third axis dealt with the tourism development of Kani Best Falls. In the end, the research concluded that waterfalls and waterfalls as well as water sources are an important and influential factor in the emergence of tourist areas in the study area. This is in addition to a number of other natural and human factors that also contribute to a prominent role in creating tourist areas, which paves the way for tourists to practice their tourist activity associated with the presence of water bodies such as swimming and the practice of driving boats and enjoy the natural scenery in the study area.

The study focuses on the traditional population policies adopted by Iraq for many decades, which took care of the (quantum) population aspect as a result of the political and economic conditions in which it was living, represented by the comprehensive development process that it had planned since the middle of twentieth century, in addition to its two wars a bitter experience of economic siege during the last two decades of the century. in the past, all of this called for Iraq to adopt a population policy that deals with the population size and encourages birth openly and seeks to do so according to its legislative authority and planned programs. which later resulted in the presence of a tide of youth that the subsequent economic conditions of Iraq, since the beginning of the twenty – first century, have failed to meet the requirement of absorbing this squandered abundance due to the conditions of the American occupation and the successive political and economic setbacks it is experiencing. the matter is getting worse as the demographic gift is approaching, and there are no signs, indicators or opportunities that indicate Iraq s readiness to receive this expected gift. therefore, the imperative duty is to adopt an emergency (immediate) population policy that stems from sound, scientific and well – studied foundations that are concerned with the population (type) side.

Educational services are the most important basic pillars in building a society and its development, as it is a measure of civilizational, technological and cultural development, and from the analysis and knowledge of the reality of educational services in the city of Karbala, the study showed the presence of four educational stages represented in the primary stage, the middle stage and the middle stage, and the lack and absence of kindergarten stage from the city, The study also revealed that there are (28) primary schools with (12,735) students, and they contain 332 educational divisions, and the number of educational cadres reaches 365 educators. The schools of the stage amounted to (6) schools containing (66) divisions, and the educational cadres in them amounted to (78) educators, while the study showed that the secondary stage consisted of (2) schools and the number of students reached (877), with a total of (18) students. Division and (39) educationally, while the number of schools for the preparatory stage reached (5) schools and included (1759) male and female students, and there were (72) educationally and consisted of (68) educational divisions Which means that the total number of schools in the city of Karabilah has reached (41) schools, and the total number of students in the city for all academic levels amounted to (17,881) male and female students, and they constitute (31.7%) of the total population of the city. The study also revealed the actual need for school buildings. Necessary to relieve the pressure arising from the double-shift system, and the actual need in the future until the target year 2030, which amounts to (72) schools for various educational levels, including the kindergarten stage, which amounts to (18) schools.

This study sheds light on the resistance and change of the social and protest movement leaders in Egypt. It adopts the case study approach and in-depth interview guide as tools for gathering the data required. The study raises important questions such as: what are the most important effective social variables to form social and protest movements? and what is the nature of relationship between these movements, the public and the power? The study confirms our inability to understand the social and protest movements aside from the state. It also explains the emergence of such movements within the model of (C.J.R.P) which reflects the ability of the state to achieve its functions (citizenship, justice, responsiveness, and protection). This relationship between these movements and the public has been explained in the light of the theory of opportunity and its hypotheses regarding the free racer, the free ride, and collective experiences. The findings reveal that the most important factor for emergence of such social and protest movements is due to the enormous failure of the state to perform its functions relative to citizenship, responsiveness, and protection. It also asserts that the means and mechanisms being used by these movements were totally intact and they did not resort to violence in order not to lose its legitimacy among the public.

This study seeks to realize the relationship between the use of technology as a routine activity and the increase in crime rates.
The importance of the study is that despite the efforts made by governments and media roles in alerting and warning of the negatives and risks of technology, there is a rise in crime rates due to the lack of expertise needed to deal with this virtual world, so it is necessary to avoid the damages and social, security and economic risks, caused by Using technology as a routine activity without awareness and lack of expertise to deal with it or at least limit its effects.
The problem of the study was that the high crime rates, depending on the use of technology, will have a negative impact on the social, economic, and cultural level on the individual and society, and that the victim in most technology-related crimes has a significant role no less than the role of the offender in completing the crime.
The results of this study showed that most victims of the use of technology had a role in what happened to them. If a perpetrator and a victim were found in a place and time with the absence of control, the crime occurs according to the theory of routine activities, and on the other hand, we find that the conformity of the hypotheses of lifestyle theory confirmed the role of the victim in the occurrence of the crime.
The proposals and recommendations noted the attempt to implement plans and policies that would preserve society from the clutches of such crimes, such as the crime prevention and prevention policy, and others.

The current study aims to identify the social, psychological and educational effects of school bullying on bullying victims, and the ways to reduce them from the point of view of teachers in the Emirate of Sharjah. The study relied on the social survey method, using a simple random sampling method, and the number of its items was (100) male and female teachers working in Al-Shula schools in the Emirate of Sharjah, and a questionnaire was used to collect information.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:
The social effects of school bullying on bullying victims ranked first with an average of (2.62), most notably: the victims' lack of social communication skills with others, and the lack of access to social support. Followed by the psychological effects with an average of (2.60), most notably: the inability to self-defend; The tendency to be isolated and introverted, poor self-confidence and low self-esteem. While the educational effects ranked third, with an average of (2.51), most notably: low academic achievement, difficulty to concentrate while teachers are explaining, and withdrawal from extracurricular activities.
The methods of confrontation proposed by teachers to curb the phenomenon of school bullying were: involving students in extra-curricular activities and voluntary work, strengthening the role of social and psychological specialists in schools, and holding meetings and discussions between the school administration and students’ parents.

The study aims to identify the effect of electronic games on the psychological aspect of children during the Covid 19 pandemic, And to identify the effect of electronic games on the behavioral aspect of children under the Covid 19 pandemic, And to identify the effect of electronic games on the social aspect Children during the Covid 19 pandemic, And to identify the effect of electronic games on the academic aspect of children during the Covid-19 pandemic, And to identify the role of parents in limiting children’s practice of electronic games, And to identify the differences between males and females in the use of electronic games on children during the Covid 19 pandemic and to identify the means that help the child to play electronic games during the Covid 19 pandemic, the descriptive approach was used, on a random sample of children from the age of 6-17 years and the number of vocabulary was (312), and the researcher reached the following results: 1- Parents provide a lot of entertainment items that are not displayed on the screen (books, children's magazines, games, puzzles, board games, etc.) in the rooms provided Use televisions, computers, and other devices with screens to encourage your child to do something unrelated to screens. 2- Parents keep TVs, iPads, and other screens out of your child's bedroom. 3- Parents should not watch TV while performing their homework. 4- Parents treat TV time as a privilege that your child earns, not just something he deserves. Tell them that screen time only allowed when they finish with their home and school chores. Limit the time you spend watching TV. 5- As a parent, check out TV shows and reviews about the shows. Look for programs that the whole family can watch (e.g., age-appropriate, non-violent, and promoting family values). Choose programs that stimulate interest and learning related to hobbies and education (reading, science, etc.).

The study aimed to identify the roles of the effectiveness of training Emiratisation programs in employing social security beneficiaries, from the point of view of those who joined the training programs from social security beneficiaries in the UAE society. The study sample consisted of 766 beneficiaries of social security at the level of the United Arab Emirates. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach to analyze the data of the study sample members. The data was analyzed and interpreted and processed statistically using the spss program, by social survey using the study tool questionnaire to obtain quantitative data, while qualitative data was used using a personal interview with a group from officials of the Ministry of Community Development and the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation to collect data.
The results of the study showed that there is a statistical significance between the demographic study variables (age, educational level, income, and emirate) on the one hand, and the variable dependent on the study, which is the employment of social security beneficiaries.

This study aimed to identify the reasons for students in the United Arab Emirates to join the study of social sciences, and the researcher designed a questionnaire that included four axes, the first axis is social reasons, the second axis is cultural reasons, the third axis is the characteristics of materials in social sciences, the fourth axis is the characteristics of admission In social sciences, it was distributed electronically to a number of students of the Department of sociology, which amounted to (700) male and female students, and the return of them was (199). The results of the study revealed that some of the reasons for students’ tendency to join the study of social sciences are the following, the desire to interact with society and solve people’s problems, love for the social sciences specialization, study in the Arabic language, the ease of its terminology, and the admission requirements for the college and department are easy and there are no special conditions, the sincere desire to join Specializing without influence from any individual, whether it is a friend, brother or father. The Sociology Department does not require the degree of the English language proficiency exam, whether TOEFL or IELTS, ease of specialization, completion of studies in a short period of time, good reputation of faculty members, tuition fees in Accessible to all, adequate guidance for students in colleges and majors important in the labour market, and finally the high school percentage required to join the college is suitable for all.

The present study deals with the problem of endogamy in Omani society; thus, the study aims to determine the level of university students' awareness concerning the implications of the phenomenon of endogamy (knowledge – attitudes – practices), It adopted a methodology strategy that relied on the use of the descriptive and analytical approach that was applied using the comprehensive social survey method on students of Sultan Qaboos University in all academic years in all practical and humanitarian specializations, whose number reached (15727) students, and the data was collected by relying on the main tool of the study (electronic scale).
The study found a set of results, the most important of which are: A strong level of knowledge among university students about the effects of endogamy. The results also showed a strong level of university students' attitudes towards the impact of consanguineous marriage. At the same time, the results indicated that university students' level of actual practice in dealing with the effects of endogamy was medium. Hence, the overall outcome of awareness of the impact of endogamy indicates that it is a substantial level.
Finally, the study presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is the need for the social work profession to focus on studying the phenomenon of endogamy and its implications. Moreover, there is a need for the social work profession to give more attention through research interests and research projects to the phenomenon of endogamy.
The study also draws attention to the importance of focusing on marriage in general and endogamy in particular through non-classroom activities and the activities of student groups at the university. A set of practical mechanisms has been attached to each study proposal. It can be used to raise the level of university students' awareness in particular and community awareness about the harmful effects of the phenomenon of endogamy and how to reduce its impact.

This study assesses the level of satisfaction in housing for people with special needs in the Emirate of Dubai in terms of the availability of services and the standard of sustainability and social sustainability.
To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed and applied to a random sample of 100 beneficiaries from the housing of the Mohammed bin Rashid Housing Establishment. Descriptive and analytical statistics (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and multi regression coefficient) were used to find out the attractiveness of the demographics of the respondents, and to analyse the study data in an integrated set of factors associated with the standard and official code.
The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the independent variables (owner's gender, marital status, husband's age, wife's age, husband's occupational status, wife's occupational status, husband's educational level, wife's level, average monthly family income from all Resources, duration of residence) and a measure of proximity to service availability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability on the other hand .

This research deals with the types of diphthongs in Syriac language, compared to Semitic languages such as Arabic and Hebrew, which share this phenomenon. The mention of the most important types of diphthongs in these languages is with the aim of reaching grammatical rules and phonetic provisions that distinguish these languages from all other languages. The phenomenon of immersion is one of the living phenomena in Semitic languages, and it has attracted the attention of many linguists and grammarians. The diphthong is a phonetic phenomenon that occurs because of some adjacent sounds on each other, and the goal of the dwarfing is to reduce the pronunciation of some sounds in the tongue of the speaker, the reader, the chanter, or the chanter. It also diphthong appears clearly during hymns, intonation, or recitation in Semitic languages, especially in the Arabic language. Diphthong of (nun) is a natural phenomenon that occur in all Semitic languages, and it is the most fonts in which this phenomenon occurs. In this research, we used the comparative method, which compares the diphthong phenomenon in Syriac language with its sister languages like Akkadian, Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic, in order to know the results of this diphthong.