Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

This research included study the capacity of Typha domengensis and Phragmites communis plants in bioremediation for removing some antibiotics as one of pollutants discard to Waste Water for Samarra Drug Industry (SDI) two antibiotics had selected (Cephalexin and Amoxicillin) because their amounts is the greater according to production during study period. Two stations had Selected for test, The first station of exist plants inside Samarra drug industry and the second station of plants exist on the edge of the Tigris river as control station. The study included the evaluation of antibiotics, chlorophyll A and B, proteins and carbohydrates in plants.
The results of the plants indicated that the concentrations of antibiotics in the first station ranged between (0.002-0.089) mg / ml for cephalexin and (Nil-0.001) mg / ml for amoxicillin in reeds, and results ranged between (0.001-0.095) mg / ml for cephalexin and was not significant (Nil) for amoxicillin in papyrus, and no antibiotic value (Nil) was recorded at the second station. The values of chlorophyll A ranged (0.18-1.09), (0.12-0.89) mg / L at the first and second stations respectively, as well as the values of chlorophyll B ranged between (0.36-2.38), (0.28-1.46) mg / L for reeds, There was also variability in papyrus, with values of chlorophyll a (0.05-0.99), (0.17-1.92) mg / L and chlorophyll B ranged between (0.20-1.67), (0.40-1.76) mg / L for both stations respectively, The values of the proteins in the reeds ranged between (250-783), (184-680) µg/L respectively, and in the papyrus were (330-673), (280-726) µg/L for the two stations respectively, Carbohydrate values in reeds ranged between (0.16-2.60), (0.11-2.57) mg/L respectively, and in the papyrus was between (0.15-2.88), (0.13-2.59) mg/L respectively.

This study included conducting chemical tests for flour, flour strength tests, and the staling tests of gluten for the studied Hearth bread types during storing period of 2 , 24 , 48 , 72 hour. The results showed that the percentage of moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, pigments, pH and total Phenolic compound in whole wheat flour were (10.00 % , 1.60 % , 1.80 % , 12.50 % , 74.10 % , 1.50 % , 4.389 ppm , 6.30 , 0.38 mg/g) respectively, while for barley flour were (9.00 % , 2.20 % , 4.30 % , 11.30 % , 73.20 % , 2.40 % , 5.712 ppm , 5.60 and 0.55 mg/g) respectively. The results revealed a higher proportion of mineral elements in wheat flour compared with barley flour, also showed that the percentage of wet and dry gluten in whole wheat flour were 37.1 % and 15.2 % respectively, and it were decreased with the increase in the percentage of substitution with barley flour (10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50) %. The results of the sediment volume test showed that the percentage was limited in between 23.3 - 30.6 cm3. The method used to estimate pH was used in the staling test, results showed no significant differences between the types of Hearth bread treatments during staling, and the results of Penetration were ranged 34.0 - 37.5 mm. The results of Alkaline water retention capacity showed no significant differences between the types of studied treatments, which were between 138.566 - 164.012 %.

The research study comparative anatomical characteristics for (2) species to genus Cornulaca Delile of the Chenopodiacea family these species. Cornulaca aucheri Moq. and Cornulaca monacantha Del.
The anatomical characteristics of the stems and leaves( blads) were studied Non petiolated thin leaves , wingless leaf blade with undifferentiated midrib region in cross-section , hairs non-glandular and more dense on stems than on leaves Other classical characters for ( Kranz anatomy and undifferentiated mesophyll)

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting dates (2 Feb. and 27 Feb. /2017) and application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (0 N: 0 P, 60 kg/ha N: 30 kg/ha P and 90 Kg/ha N: 60 kg/ha P to oil percent and unsaturated fatty acid analysis composition of two rapeseed cultivars (Sherally and Dunkild), This factorial experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results demonstrate that late planting date significantly decrease Linolenic acid and Oleic acid. Oil percent and unsaturated fatty acids were significantly responded due to application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the treatment 60 N: 30 P produced maximum value for each fatty acids α-Linolenic acid, Linolenic acid and Oleic acid. High content of Linolenic acid and Oleic acid were recorded in Sherally cultivar. The variation amount of oilpercent and unsaturated fatty acid were noticed due to the interaction treatment of planting dates and fertilizers, the maximum amount of unsaturated fatty acids was produced in each interaction between first and second planting date with 60 N: 30 P fertilizer, and the same result were obtained due to the interaction between each cultivars with the 60 N: 30 P fertilizer. Oil percent and α-Linolenic acid produced maximum amount in the interaction between second planting date 27 Feb. and Dunkild cultivar, while the highest amount of Linolenic acid and Oleic acid were noticed in the interaction between first planting date 7 Feb. and Sherally cultivar. The interaction treatment of planting dates, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and cultivars gave significant variation in the amount of oil percent and unsaturated fatty acids composition analysis.

A field experiment carried out by using fourteens inbred lines of Maize (local line(1) , 839(2) ,C.V890(3) , Iq10001(4) , ZM4L(5), ZM51L(6) ,ZP-301(7) ,ZM19L(8) , OH(9) , UN440(10) , IK-58(11) ,IK-8(12) , SH(13) and R-153(14)) at the agricultural field of Kirkuk Agricultural directorate during 2017 Autumn season by using Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications to estimate genetic distance using cluster , D2and principal component analysis for grain yield , it’s components and qualitative traits. The Cluster analysis classified lines in to two main groups depending on the morphological marker traits. So that the largest genetic distance was between local line and C.V890 line (9547033.93) which can be utilized in hybridization for exhibiting hybrid vigor. The D2 analysis revealed that the largest distance was between the second group lines (C.V890 , Iq10001 , ZM4L , ZM51L and ZP-301) and third group lines (OH and SH).Principle components analysis explained 88% of total variances among lines , however the number of grains.ear-1 regarded the major trait which has largest contribution of the total variations followed by days to silking , no.rows.ear-1 ,grain yield and protein content.ZM19L ,OH and SH lines can be considered as a source for improving grain yield ,while local adapted line for improving ear length and other grain components also, Iq10001 line was important for improving quality traits and total digestible nutrients.

The Effect of field decomposition period of wheat residues in some growing characters of corn was examined in Samaraa ,Salah- Aldin governorate in spring and autumn growing seasons 2016 . Three varieties (Fajir-1,Sarah,and Bagdhdad-3) and four decomposition periods (A1) control (without residues) (A2 , A3 , A4)decomposition period for 6,3 and 0 days before planting respectively were arranged in R.C.B.D with three replication in factorial experiment.
Emergence percentage, leaf area and dray weight ( estimated two times), Net assimilation rate (N.A.R) and Crop Growth Rate (C.G.R) were recorded in both seasons.
Variety Baghdad-3 significantly surpass other varieties in emergence percentage at both seasons (97.80 , 92.91%) respectively , leaf area in spring first estimation(540.41 cm2) and in autumn second estimation (4523.5 cm2 ).
varietiy Baghdad-3 obtained the lowest value in N.A.R and highest value in C.G.R.
No significant differences were observed among the effect of decomposition treatment in emergence percentage character .
A3 Decomposition treatment was significantly reduced leaf area to lowest value in spring first estimation and second fall estimation. In contrast A4 treatment suppressed leaf area in spring second estimation to lowest value.
A3 treatment had the greater allelopathic effect in fall season and reduced dry weight (second estimation) , N.A.R and C.G.R. to 77.89 gm, 1.552 gm.m-2.day-1 ,13.798 gm. m-2.day-1 respectively . A4 caused the most allelopathic effect in spring season to such characters (80.1 gm, 1.0253 gm. m-2.day-1, 10.660 gm. m-2.day-1 respectively).

A field experiment was carried out in autumn season 2016 in one of the farmers' field on the banks of the Euphrates river in Ramadi on the maize (Abaa5018 Zea mays L), which is a newly derived synthetic variety in Iraqi agriculture, with the goal of studying the effect of two levels of irrigation 75% and 50% of maize with three stages of growth on the production of maize. Seeds were sown on 15/07/2016 and harvested on 14/11/2016, the two levels of irrigation were distributed randomly over the stages of growth and eight coefficients were obtained. The stages of growth included the vegetative stage, which begins from the date of isolation of irrigation coefficients at 1/8 till the onset of emergence of male inflorescence, the flowering stage, which begins with the emergence of male inflorescence until the end of emergence of female inflorescence and then the last stage which begins from the end of second stage till the maturation of seeds. The coefficients of the experiment were randomly distributed and according to randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). While the irrigation coefficient (T8) which is irrigated by the second level of 50% throughout the season of growth gave the lowest rate for each of leaf area, dry matter, and grain harvest with water consumption of 276 mm. Showed gradation in the production of grain, dry matter and leaf area, according to the distribution of irrigation water over the sensitive stages of growth for each character and are limited between the productions of irrigation coefficients (T1 & T8). They also varied in water consumption, total water requirement and water consumption efficiency. This variation occurred as a result of distribution of irrigation levels over the coefficients according to stages of growth.

The study was conducted to examine the role of BA, NAA, Methyl jasmonate and Mannitol in callus Induction. The results showed the presence of significant differences between the treatments in the fresh and dry weight of callus after five weeks from culture. The 0.25 mg.L-1 BA treatment was significantly superior on control treatment in fresh and dry weight of callus, which reached 0.293 and 0.152 mg, respectively. Also, the two concentrations of NAA (0.5 and 1.0 mg.L-1) were significantly superior on control treatment in the same of two characteristics (0.218 and 0.272 mg fresh weight, and 0.099 and 0.152 mg dry weight, respectively). The treatment of interaction between BA and NAA (0.25+1.0 mg.L-1) has given the highest significant difference in fresh and dry weight reached 0.444 and 0.269 mg, respectively. While less fresh and dry weight when treatment was control treatment, which reached 0.0 mg. The 8000 mg.L-1 Mannitol treatment was significantly superior on control treatment in fresh and dry weight of callus, which reached 332.42 and 53.81 mg, respectively. Also, the 75 mg.L-1 concentration of Methyl jasmonate was significantly superior on control treatment in the same of two characteristics (347.19 and 55.67 mg fresh and dry weight). The treatment of interaction between Mannitol and Methyl jasmonate(8000 mg.L-1+ 75 mg.L-1) has given the highest significant difference in fresh and dry weight reached 451.25 and 69.17 mg, respectively. While less fresh and dry weight when treatment 0 mannitol + 25 mg.L-1 concentrations, which reached 211.99 and 25.38 mg, respectively.

This research was done in the Department of Biology/ Education College for Girls/ University of Mosul during the period from 2nd October/2012 till 25th March/ 2013 on the (Coriandrum sativum L.) for studying the response of the plant to fertilizing with the nitrogen fertilizer with three levels which are: zero, 50 and 100Kg.h-1 and the spraying with the Seaweed extract (Fitoalg) in three concentrations which are: zero, 1 and 2 cm3.L-1 experiment was carried out by designing the factorial experiment conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design.. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilization in its two used concentrations has a significant effect in recording highest values for the properties of plant height, number of leaves, leafy area, stem diameter and the dry and fresh weights for the total chlorophyll besides total height of the Coriander. The spraying of the plant with the seaweed extract in 1cm3.L-1 had a significant effect in recording highest values for the properties of plant height about 34.33cm and leaves area 62.84cm2.plant-1 and fresh weight 26.57g and concentration each of chlorophyll and carotene about 17.31mg.100g-1 fresh weight and 6.32mg.100g-1 fresh weight successively. The results of the interaction between the factors referred that the best values were recorded for the most studied properties when the factors interaction with each other especially at the fertilization with the level 50Kg.h-1 with concentration about 1cm3.L-1.

This study project was conducted at the unheated greenhouse of the department of horticulture and gardening landscape/College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit during the growing season of 2016-2017, to study the effect of addition of two organic fertilizers on the vegetative growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) plant variety (Ruby Gem). The study included addition of Humic acid at two levels; no addition H1 and 4 ml.liter-1 addition, H2. The second factor was poultry and sheep manure addition at three levels 0.00, 3, 6 tones. Donim-1 as change followed: O1 – no addition, O2 – Poultry manure 3.0 tones. Donim-1, O3 – Poultry manure 6.0 tones. Donim-1, O4 – sheep manure 3.0 tones. Donim-1, O5 – sheep manure 6.0 tones. Donim-1.
The experiment was designed using Randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. Each replicate included 12 experimental units with 10 plants in each unit. Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability was applied to compared the results. The results showed that the addition of Humic acid significantly increased the number of leaves, their chlorophyll contents, average of fruit weight size, TSS percentage, and sugar percentage in the fruit juice. The addition of poultry and sheep manures showed a domination of O3 (6.0 tones. Donim-1 poultry manure) and significantly affected all the properties. The combination of Humic acid and poultry manure (6.0 tones. Donim-1) got a significant effect on all the properties of vegetative growth and yield.

The study has been conducted in the tissue and plant cells culture laboratory of the college of Agriculture and Forestry at the university of Mosul in 2013-2014 to test the effects of both of Kinetin (Kin) with concentrations of (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) mg.L-1, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy with concentrations of (0 , 0.5) mg.L-1, in addition to various concentrations of sucrose (25, 30, 60, , 80) g.L-1 and phenylalanine (0 , 10) mg.L-1, on the growth and development of Kiwifruit plant (cultivar : Bruno) callus after five weeks of culture . the results have shown Significant variations between the studied factors of both fresh and dry weight of the callus. The addition of Kin at the concentrations (0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0)mg.L-1 gave the highest Significant difference in fresh weight that reached (59.44, 69.01, 37.79)mg respectively, compared to the control treatment. whereas treatment with 2,4-D at concentration of 0.5 mg.L-1 gave highest results that reached 61.15mg of fresh weight compared to the control treatment that. the treatment by adding Kin and 2,4-D in a concentration of 0.5mg/L-1 also surpassed by increasing the dry weight of the callus that reached the values (25.117, 20.009)mg respectively, compared to other concentrations. As for the interaction between Kin and 2,4-D at a concentration of 0.5mg.L-1 , it gave the highest values in both fresh and dry weight that reached (98.21, 39.360)mg respectively. The results also showed that the addition of sucrose the medium in a concentration of 30g.L-1 gave a maximum fresh weight that reached 179.49mg. whereas the addition of sucrose in concentrations of (30, 60, 80) g.L-1 gave the highest values in the dry weight that reached (43.268, 37.352, 33.765)mg respectively, compared control treatment. While the addition of phenylalanine led to Significant variations when added in a concentration of 10mg.L-1, causing increment in both fresh and dry weight that reached (163.98 , 40.741)mg respectively, compared to the Comparative treatment that gave less values of (86.75, 22.939)mg respectively. Whereas the interaction between these factors led to significant results. in which, the interaction treatment using sucrose in a concentration of 30g.L-1 and phenylalanine in a concentration of 10mg.L-1 led to the highest results in both fresh and dry weight which reached (237.04, 52.877)mg respectively, compared to other treatments.

The current study aims dealt with the measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water and plant nutrients and their monthly fluctuations of Tigris River within the Salah al-Din province for five power stations ( Baiji - Tikrit - Mikaishefa - Samarra - Balad) from July (2013) till April (2014). One sample was collected per month from each plant. In the laboratory samples were analyzed according to the methods mentioned. The study examined the measurement (temperature air and water, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Turbidity, total basal, total hardness, chloride, Sulphate, nitrates, phosphates). The results of the study showed that the temperature of air and water was characterized by its rise in the summer and decrease in winter, ranged from (6- 380C) and (10- 22 0C), respectively.
Turbidity was high in April and its value ranged in all stations between (2.3 - 31.5). The electrical conductivity was at the higher value (630 µs/cm) in January, (2014), while the less value is (480 µs/cm) in April (2014). The value of the pH was slightly alkaline to alkaline, ranged between (7.3 - 8.4). Dissolved oxygen values ranged between (6.3- 9.1) mg/L, the highest value of Alkalinity recorded in April (2014) and (200) mg/L, the minimum value is 109 mg/L in January (2014).
The total values of the Tigris River water was ranged from (180 - 280) mg/L. The chloride ions values recorded ranged between (31.1 - 54.8) mg/L, the value of nitrate values ranged between (1.5 - 2.7) mg/L, and phosphate ranged between (0.09 - 0.70) µg/L.
The sulphates had the highest value was (79.4) in September (2013) in the fifth station and the lowest value is (70.0) in the second station in October (2013).

The aims of the study were to determined incidence ratio of buffalos brucellosis in Salahaldeen governorate and evaluating the efficiency of serological tests used in current study. For this purpose 135 buffalos (adult males, pregnant females and aborted females) were tested.
From each animal two blood samples were collected, one for PCR test and other for serological tests (Rose Bengal test, tube agglutination test, mercaptoethanol test and ELISA test).
The incidence ratio of buffalo brucellosis in Salahaldeen governorate were 14.8% in PCR test, while in serological tests were 21.4%, 13.3%, 16.2% and 7.4% for rose Bengal test, tube agglutination test, mercaptoethanol test and ELISA test respectively. Highest positive and negative agreement recorded between rose Bengal test and mercaptoethanol test were 34.9% & 63.7% .
The current study recorded highest sensitivity recorded in rose Bengal test (75%), highest Specificity in ELISA (97.1%). Highest postive predictive values s and negative predictive values s recorded by tube agglutination test were: 77.7% and 96.2%

The present study was conducted in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine/Tikrit University in the period between 1/3 to 1/4/ 2017, to identify the bacterial contamination of prepuce in young and adult local breed rams in Salahaddin Province. 56 healthy rams were used in this study divided in two groups, first group include 28 young rams about 8-12 month age, second group were 28 adult rams about 3-5 years age. The bacterial isolation ratio in young rams were: Staphylococcus SPP 85.7%, Esherichia coli 57.1%, Streptococcus pyogenes 50%, Proteus mirabillis 32.1% and Pseudomonus auruginosa 14.2%, while in adult rams were: Staphylococcus aureus 100%, Esherichia coli 92.8%, Streptococcus pyogenes 71.4%, Proteus mirabillis 57.1%, Pseudomonus auruginosa 28.5%, Klebsiella pnemonia 21.4% and Brucella melitensis 3.5%.
The present study showed presence of pathogenic bacteria in the prepuce of rams and the colonization of the bacteria were more common among adult rams than young rams and that’s may be come from crevice ewes suffered from metritis, endometritis, vaginitis, or urinary system infection.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of turmeric oil on reproductive performing of female rat exposed to iron overload. Thirty immature female rats aged (21) day were utilized in this study and distributed into three equal groups includes control grp , group treated with ferrous sulfate (100mg|kg) and group treated with ferrous sulfate 100mg|kg and with turmeric oil (20 mg|kg) at half an hour interval, each group of (10) rats treated by oral administration for 14 day. Administration of iron for immature female rat caused significant increase in malondialdehyde level, Hb concentration, PCV and iron serum level accompanied by significant decrease in body weight, uterus weight, ovaries weight, numbers of mature follicles, diameters of mature follicles, estrogen and glutathione concentration compared with control group while the treatment with iron overload and turmeric oil showed a significant increase in body weight, number of mature ovarian follicles, estrogen, glutathione concentration and significant decrease in malondialdehyde level, Hb concentration and iron serum level compared with iron overload group.

This study is designed to diagnose the most important diseases affecting the chicken flocks of in the city Samarra, which included (2073) a pathological cases obtained from the flocks scattered in the city during the period from( 9/11/2015 to 15/3/2017), These cases were diagnosed in the poultry laboratory located in the veterinary clinic in Samarra city of the veterinary hospital in Salah al-Din, the results of the study showed the diagnosis of the following cases: Occupied of the Newcastle disease was the highest infection by (819) the cases of ratio (39.5%). There were also the cases of Gumboro reached (209) cases of infection (10.1%) were recorded. the case of Salmonellosis was the number (350) were registered by percentage (16.9%), as well as diagnosed cases of Air sacculitis (248) the cases of the ratio (12%). With regard to the internal parasites, the number of pathological cases was (237) the case of ratio (11.4%) The number of cases of the Nematodes ( Ascaridia galli) (66), (Heterakis gallinarum) (39),the incidence of the Protozoal parasites Eimeria spp (83), and Cestoda (Raillietina Tetragona) have reached (49). In addition to what has been mentioned, the study has recorded cases of external parasites, the number of such cases (210) and the proportion of (10.1%),represented the Lice (Cucltogaster heterograbhus) (68), (Menopon gallinae ) (55)the Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) (39), and the Soft tick, Argas Persicus (48) , cases from the total diagnosed of the pathological cases. The study concluded that the incidence of viral diseases had the highest ratio of infection, followed by Salmonellosis and Air sacculitis, was also the cases of internal and external parasites infection had been recorded.

This study was conducted to investigate the immunological effect of Capsular (K-Antigen), extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae, on the histological structure of the kidney in the adult white rabbits that were experimentally infected with Entamoeba histolytica. Twenty Male adult white rabbits, were divided into four groups, five animals for each group. The control group was injected with a physiological saline solution, the second group was injected with E.hisotlytica, the third group was injected with K-Antigen extract, the fourth group was injected with K-Antigen extract, E.histolytica parasites. The results of the histological examination showed many differences in the histological sections examined for the treated groups.

This study was conducted in the graduate laboratories of the Department of Food Science at the College of Agriculture and the Chemistry Department at the College of Education for Pure Sciences at the University of Tikrit and included the extraction of carotenoids pigments from citrus peel (Turkish orange peel, Iraqi orange peel, Turkish Tangerine peel, Iraqi Tangerine peel , Iraqi Bitter orange peel). The study showed that the Turkish orange peel was characterized by moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrates by 72.5%, 4.6%, 5.7%, 0.26% and 16.58%, respectively. While Iraqi orange peel in its carbohydrate content was 19.24%. The Turkish orange peel was the best in the extraction of dyes compared to the rest of the samples by carotenoids of 3.57 mg /L. The petroleum ether was distinguished on both distilled water and ethanol in extraction. The results showed. also the extraction ratio (10: 1) (weight: volume) at 30 ° C and 72 ° extraction time and only two extraction times, all IR, UV and HPLC techniques were used to diagnose dyes and identify substances in citrus peel extracts, and to use some chemical reagents to diagnose the active compounds found in these extracts and all samples studied. It was found that the retention percentage of the organic extract in dyes increased in the neutral and basal medium and increased the degradation of dyes in the acid medium. The highest retention rate of 98.57% was recorded at pH 7. The results showed that the use of natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol was better than the use of industrial antioxidant BHT In the conservation of pigments, and showed the diagnosis of organic extracts, alcohol and water technology HPLC contain:
apo-B-cartene-10-ols, Dihdroxy epoxides, 10 -apo-B-cartene-10-als,-10)
apo-B-cartene-10-al, 8-apo-B-cartene-10-Ol, Zeaxanthin, B-cryptoxathin)-8
The use of HPLC showed that the organic extract is the highest in the percentage of for containing these pigments. Some chemical reagents showed that the three extracts (organic, water, alcoholic) were contained in the studied samples: (Flavonoids, steroids, phenols, resins, alkaloids, Saponins , tannins, volatile oils, Comarin and GIycosides).

This study was to compare the antibacterial activity of two types of localy natural honey ( citrus flowers honey, eucalyptus honey) and two types of the commercial honey (sinbola honey and shafi honey) against Klebsiella pneumonia were evaluated, and testing the effect of their in increasing the efficiency of antibiotics Ampicillin / sulbactum (SAM) 20μg, Amikacine (AK) 30μg, Augmenten (AUG) 30μg, Chloramphenicol (C) 30μg ,Gentamicin (GM) 10μg in inhibiting K. pneumoniae. The results indicated that the natural honey significantly superiority on commercial honey in inhibiting growth for K. pneumoniae, the diameter of inhibition zone of citrus flowers honey and eucalyptus honey was 23 , 19 mm respectively while for sinbola and shafi honey were 8 and 9 mm respectively. Also the results showed that the Citrus Flowers honey exceeded significantly on eucalyptus honey , the inhibition diameters of their were 23 mm and 19 mm respectively. The results indicated that the inhibitory effect of natural honey was closely related to antibiotics, and it gave a positive result when compared to the standard tables of the inhibition of antibiotics. The combination of natural and commercial honey with antibiotics increased the efficiency of antimicrobial activity of antibiotics by increasing the diameters of bacterial growth inhibition if compared with the diameters given by antibiotics.

This study was conducted in the Biotechnology Research Center at Nahrain University, Baghdad, aimed to investigate the effect of different nutritional formula to the diabetic rats, which were developed by Alloxan on some The properties fertility such as total number of sperm, percentage of sperm, live and distorted and movement activity, as well as the level of Testosterone hormone. In this study were used 42 male mice type Albino mice at 2-3 months aged and weight at 25-30 g. Six mice were isolated as a control group. The remaining animals were injected with 150 mg/kg alloxan between the thighs and after ascertaining the incidence of diabetes was randomly distributed to six groups in addition to the Non-infected control group, each group has a specific treatment as follows:
1- Control group. 2- Diabetes group. 3- Diabetes group and treatment with plant nutrition. 4- Diabetes group and treatment with animal protein. 5- Diabetes group and treatment with Salvia officinalis added to plant nutrition. 6- Diabetes group and treatment with Salvia officinalis added to animal protein. 7- Diabetes group and treatment with Food Supplements (D3 + B12) added to plant nutrition.
The results of the statistical analysis showed that the animals with diabetes developed with alloxan had a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the preparation of sperm, the percentage of live sperm and the increase in the percentage of Distorted sperm also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of testosterone hormone compared to the control group. As for the group of animals infected with diabetes and treatment using plant nutrition and animal nutrition, the results showed a significant increase in the preparation and movement of live sperm and decrease in the percentage of mutilated semen, or testosterone hormone the results showed no significant differences compared with the group of infected animals without treatment.
The results showed that the group of infected animals and the treatment using the salvia officinalis added to the plant nutrition and animal nutrition had a significant increase (P<0.05) in the preparation and movement of live healthy sperm and decrease in the proportion of mutilated and dead sperm and a significant increase in the concentration of testosterone hormone.
It was also found that the group of infected animals and the treatment with supplements had a significant increase in the preparation and movement of live sperm, as well as in the Testosterone hormone and a decrease in the numbers of mutilated sperm.

The objective of the research was to identify the level of obstacles facing agricultural development from the point of view of the agricultural employees in the governorate of Salah Al-Din, and then the order of obstacles and paragraphs according to the relative importance of each, as well as finding the correlation between the level of constraints and a number of independent variables. The research included all agricultural employees in the Directorate of Agriculture of Salah Al-Din, Governorate and its affiliated population of (277) employees, a random sample of which was elected by 50%, after the exclusion of the initial sample of (27) employees. Thus, the research sample consists of (125) agricultural employees. The results of the study showed that the most (82%) of respondents think that the general level of obstacles to agricultural development in Salah al-Din governorate is average and tends to rise. And the field of extension work ranked first in the order of areas of agricultural development according to the importance of an average of (113.32), while the field of plant production ranked last with an average of (70.61). The results also showed a significant correlation between the level of obstacles and the level of education, number of years of service, sources of information, attitude towards agricultural development, participation in training courses. The results showed no significant correlation between the level of disability and specialization .

Investment is defined as a stream of spending on new fixed capital or additions to stocks over a period of time, and it is one of the most important components of aggregate demand, which includes both private investment, private consumption, government spending, and net exports and imports.
A study of the economic factors of agricultural investment in Iraq for the period 2016-1990 was conducted. The study aimed at conducting a standard analysis of the most important factors affecting agricultural investment. The results showed that all variables The total cultivated, agricultural output, loans and the number of agricultural workers were identical to economic logic and their effect was positive, as was the accumulation of capital which was also positive and identical to the economic logic. All variables were significant in the sense of test t, Predicting the values invested for agricultural production and showing that agricultural investment in the case of increasing. The study recommended the necessity of creating the appropriate climate for agricultural productive investments, developing technologies related to the agricultural sector and supporting the private sector in the field of agricultural investment, stressing the need for the government to rebuild the infrastructure of the agricultural sector and develop the existing ones.

The research aims at identifying the level of applying some agricultural practices by the planters of the cucumber crop which keep the soil fertility in kut District / wasit Governorate, and identifying the correlation relationship relation among the level of applying of the planter of the cucumber crop and each of the following independent factors (age, agricultural experience in the field of planting cucumber crop, and the membership of agricultural organizations). Kut District in Wasit Governorate was chosen as an area to conduct the research because it is characterized by the presence of the largest number of cucumber planters in the governorate. The data were collected by the questionnaire and the personal interview from a random stratified proportional sample of 30 percent from the research population which is composed of 335 planters which equals 101 planters. The research results showed that the level of applying some agricultural practices which keep the soil fertility by the planters was intermediate category whose percentage is (47) with a rate of application reached to (46,72) degrees. The research concluded that there is a positive morel correlative (associative) relationship between the level of applying of cucumber crop planters and all the following independent variables (age, the agricultural experience in the field of planting the cucumber crop, and the membership of agricultural organizations).

The research goal was to determine the farmer’s knowledge level in growing the peanuts with the scientific recommendations that concerns growing and marketing the crop in Jalawla suburb in Diyala governorate. Determination the knowledge level in each route of research, as well as descending order of routes according to the relative importance of each route, and find the correlation between the level of knowledge and some independent variables, and to identify the regression relationship between the level of knowledge and the overall factors studied.
Jalawla area in Diyala governorate was chosen to carry out the research, project where the research includes all farmers who grow the peanuts in five villages, the number was 235 farmers, and from them we selected a random sample in rate (50%). Thus, the rate of (103) respondents, and selected (6) farmers from each village for the first test and they were (30) farmers then excluded from the final research sample.
A questionnaire form was prepared to collect data and it was from two parts. The first part included a number of questions related to some independent variables related to the respondents. The second part consisted of (58) paragraphs divided into (9) fields. The stability of test was measured by split-half method and used the correlation equation of Pearson (0.81), and its representing the stability of half the scale, then it corrected by using the correction equation of Spearman Brown (0.90). The data were collected from the respondents and analyzed statistically by using SPSS.
The results showed that the knowledge level on peanuts crop was average and tends to rise. It was found that the knowledge level of the farmers in the field of fertilization is low, The results showed that the date and method of agriculture ranked first and found a moral correlation between the knowledge level and the following independent factors (age, number of years of work, cultivated area, average economic return, sources of information, openness.

The normal demand function was applied on the available data. the amount allocated for individual consumption was considered as a dependent factor , the standard price , individual income , and standard price of alternative good (red meat) as independent factors . the income elasticity was found higher than
(0.0002) . Least squares method with two stages was applied . the income elasticity of this good was ( 0.0004) , which indicated that individual consumer has reached the saturation level of consumption of this commodity predicting of . required amounts for years ( 2019 – 2028 ) was the found and a recommendation on consideration and paying attention to poultry meat industry was given and to work on modern production needs and subsidize the production elements prices to encourage producers to extend their productivity and also to in courch new producers to inter in this field of industry .