Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

The resultant momentum is the amount of continuity, and it is a compound of three directions of different speeds (front-back, right-left, and up-down) multiplied by the mass of these parts. The three-dimensional motion analysis program (APAS) was used. The purpose of the research is to identify the values of the resultant momentum of body parts when performing the two types of backhand strokes (straight - diagonal) in tennis and to compare them. The research sample consisted of (12 views) adopted from two players representing the Iraqi national team. The test and photography were conducted on the tennis court at the College of Physical Education at the Technical University. We found that the hand has more momentum in the diagonal backhand stroke compared to the straight backhand stroke due to the length of the hand's path. The thigh will bend forward more in the straight backhand stroke, but in the diagonal backhand stroke, it will remain fixed because the support will be on it and its anatomical position does not allow it to bend forward.

The aim of the research is to develop a rehabilitative protocol for individuals with partial tears of the lateral collateral ligament (MCL) and to investigate the impact of this rehabilitative protocol, based on physical principles, on the specific strength of young volleyball players with MCL injuries. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the differences in certain physical variables related to the lateral collateral ligament (MCL) before and after the rehabilitative protocol. The researcher employed an experimental approach to achieve the research objectives, utilize both pre-test and post-test measurements for the same group. The research sample was purposefully selected from young players of Al-Kufa Sports Club who had suffered partial tears of the lateral collateral ligament in the knee. The sample comprised 6 players. Data was collected using references and scientific studies conducted in the field of injuries and rehabilitation.The researcher hypothesized that the rehabilitative protocol would have a positive effect on rehabilitating individuals with lateral collateral ligament (MCL) injuries. The study also suggested that there would be differences in certain physical variables (range of motion and thigh muscle circumference) before and after the rehabilitative protocol, favoring the post-test measurements.Among the key findings, the researcher concluded that the proposed rehabilitative exercises for the lateral collateral ligament (MCL) in the knee joint have a significant role in rehabilitating injured athletes, enabling them to return to training activities. The protocol was found to have an impact on restoring the range of motion of the knee joint and developing certain physical variables.

The importance of the research lies in identifying the psychological flow among young handball players and its relationship to the skills of handling and receiving. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational relationships. The research community was identified with youth handball players aged 15-18 years for the 2022/2023 sports season in Diyala Governorate, distributed among the districts of the governorate for clubs. The number of them is (6) clubs, and the Diyala Sports Handball Club was chosen as a sample for the research by a random method, and they numbered (18) players. The main experiment was conducted on (15) players, and thus the percentage of members of the research sample was (19.73%). The researcher concluded that the psychological flow among the young players in the Diyala Sports Club in handball was average, and that optimal skill performance requires the player to have a high level of enjoyment of psychological skills according to the pressures of competition among the members of the research sample. The researcher recommends the need to benefit those concerned from the bodies The administrative and trainers of the psychological program, because of its impact on the development of basic skills, and the necessity of having a specialized person (psychological) for each team, especially the national teams, who is responsible and supervising the application of psychological curricula.

The researcher used the descriptive approach and the survey method, and the research sample was selected using a comprehensive, intentional inventory method. The research included students from the College of Education for Girls/Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, who numbered (106) students. The researcher used the probing thinking scale prepared by ( Al-Kinani and Al-Shammari, 2018), where the questionnaire consisted of (46) items, and the questionnaire items were answered according to three answer alternatives (applies to me, applies to me sometimes, does not apply to me).
The data was processed statistically using percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, alpha coefficient, analysis of variance, and LSD test using the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data

The aim of the research is to find out the following:
1 - Differences between pre- and post-tests among the experimental group that used the training method and the control group that used the imperative method in selected basic skills in futsal.
2 - Differences between post-tests and post-tests between the experimental and control groups in selected basic skills in futsal.
The researchers used the experimental method (using a two-group design with pre- and post-tests) for its suitability and the nature of the problem.
Methods of collecting information: scientific and technical observation - testing - measurement - questionnaire - personal interview - analysis.
. It was presented to specialists to demonstrate its validity, and observations were taken into account. The basic skills in futsal have also been identified by experts.
The experimental group applied the training method and the control group applied the imperative method.Based on the research results, the researchers concluded the following

Constancy of attention is one of the mental processes that plays a major role in continuing motor performance for the longest period of time. Therefore, it is considered one of the most important elements related to the level of psychological preparation of the player. Measuring this element gives a real indication of the changes that occur at the moment in the psychological activity of the player, as most of the failures are in motor responses. Skills in the match sometimes lead to psychological states, whether it is preparing to receive the ball, focusing on the variables of the game, and other aspects. Hence, the problem of research emerged to identify the stability and distribution of attention and its relationship to the motor response during the performance of the skill of defending by diving to reach solutions Scientific research and because it has an effective role in developing and preparing training programs for volleyball players. The researcher assumed the existence of a moral correlation between both the stability of attention and the motor response of volleyball players, and the researcher used the survey method to suit the nature of the research. The researcher identified the research community, namely the Middle Euphrates volleyball clubs (Al-Qasim, Al-Daghara, Al-Hashimiyya, Al-Mahanawiyah, Al-Saddah, Al-Hindiyya, Al-Rawdhatain, and Al-Kufa) numbering 96 players, and the research sample was selected in a simple random way, and they are my club. (Al-Qasim, Al-Daghara), where the sample size was (24) players, representing (25%) of the original research community.The results were presented, analyzed and discussed for the skill under study, through which the research objectives were achieved

The goal of searching to the exercising of the exquinces of style (branched) developing defense skills of table tennis players, and thus the research treated the impact of such a style In learning defense skills in tennis for the sample members, from the skills of Mammmam to the front area and important to this to the basis of the requirements of defensive intellectuals in the obtaining a defense bodies for the speed of the ball movement and the requirements of the architecture as learning for these tennis skills is an order It is necessary according to special exercises for such a method, as the research included conducting the experiment according to the experimental program for one group on a sample of the Table tennis players their number (12) players and (2) was excluded for the exploratory experience, while the experimental group consisted, of (10) players The application of the complex learning method on the experimental group, as the effectiveness of the branched method was reached in developing defensive skills, passing )an front cut and front mute of the front area The effectiveness of this branched method appeared in developing skills under study, and thus the research concluded that this method is effective and influential in developing defense skills with table tennis under study, as well as recommended the research using .other methods to develop other skills for groups of different ages.

The research aimed to know the effect of group competition in learning some offensive skills in handball among students of the second stage, Department of Physical Education, College of Basic Education. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the experimental method to suit the research problem. The study was applied to a sample consisting of (40) students distributed into two groups. The experimental group reached (20) students and learned in the group competition method. As for the control group, it consisted of (20) students who studied in the traditional method. The two groups were subjected to skill tests that were applied after verifying the scientific foundations for their application in terms of honesty, stability, and objectivity. The pre- and post-tests were applied, the educational curriculum was applied, the data was treated statistically, and the results were proven. The experimental group that learned in the group competition method outperformed the control group that learned in the traditional method. In light of the results reached by the researcher, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using “the group competition method in learning some offensive handball skills.”

The aim of the research is to identify the differences in the level of sports alienation among futsal players in Babil Governorate, and to identify the relationship between sports alienation and the performance of futsal matches. The researcher used the descriptive approach in a correlational style appropriate to the nature of the research, and the selection of the research sample depends on the nature of the phenomenon to be studied. And the material and technical capabilities available and the materials necessary for the study. When the researcher collects his data and information, he resorts to collecting it either from the entire original community or a sample similar to this community, and then the sample’s performance can be generalized to the community in terms of whether the sample is well represented, and based on that, the researcher chose Futsal players in Babil Governorate, numbering (45) players, fully represented the research sample. The researcher concluded that the level of sports alienation among the members of the research sample exceeded the average score on the scale, as it was found that sports alienation was high, in addition to there being statistically significant differences between the groups. The four studies on which the research was conducted, the researcher recommends applying the current scale by coaches to first-class and excellent athletes and national teams for individual and team games for the purpose of diagnosing and identifying athletes who suffer from the phenomenon of psychological alienation and thus from these results to help athletes by developing remedial programs to improve the conditions of

The research dealt with modern methods of learning, which are a strategy requirement according to the strategic learning method according to exercises in order to be able to help the visual sense, as the research dealt with the learning strategy for movements and basic skills in volleyball. From that, the research dealt with the strategic method of learning in order to be able to help the visual sense of these skills and reach the mastery of such a method compared to the traditional methods, as one of the methods that the research dealt with and the extent of the difficulties facing the learning process according to the traditional old methods while performing the skills in games, especially volleyball, especially in particular Because it has a privilege for its technical skills during the matches, so the research dealt with this problem using special exercises for the learning strategy in order to be able to help the visual sense to learn these skills of numbers and transmission from above, and the research also concluded the comparison between tribal and dimensional tests between the two groups of the experimental and control groups that were used Traditional programs and strategic programs under study the sample, as well as recommended the research from the introduction of strategies with the help of the visual sense to learn other skills, as well The Plane.

The stretched bow phase is one of the important stages in the Spike in volleyball, and it is one of the important topics in the field of biomechanics, as it represents what can be collected from the amounts of force at a certain point in the body as potential energy, and then released as a force transferred to the ball. The shape of the stretched bow depends on the least possible differences in the angle hips.
Volleyball players perform an important skill in this phase, which is the diagonal Spiking, which is an offensive skill through which the instantaneous velocity of the ball is decomposed into three important components when analyzing the movement in its three dimensions. One of the dimensions is perpendicular to the ground, and the other two dimensions are perpendicular to each other, one of them is in the direction of movement towards the front and the other towards the side.
Five Female players from the Sanhareeb's Sports Club in Duhok Governorate (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) were tested, and they are among the best players of this club. Ten attempts were analyzed for each player to become 50 views. The skill was filmed using two cameras of the same type with a speed of (60 fps) from two different locations. The videos were subjected to the three-dimensional kinematic analysis program (APAS). The least possible displacement between the right shoulder-right hip and the left shoulder-left hip was diagnosed through the program.
This study showed the existence of an important correlation between the stretched bow on the right side with the resultant and compound instantaneous velocity of the three dimensions, where the players used the right arm to hit the ball. This means that the less the angle hips, the greater the speed of the ball at the moment of hitting it. This is due to the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy at the moment of contact, which leads to a faster and stronger smash.

The study aimed to determine the effect of the problem-solving strategy in developing the skills of breast handling and peaceful shooting for female students. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of female students in the second stage of morning study at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University for the academic year (2023-2024). , and the researcher used appropriate statistical methods to process the data, and the researcher concluded that the problem-solving strategy has a positive impact on developing the skills under study.

The study aimed to prepare two educational fields using the methods of self- and group competition and their impact on learning the skills of the aces and defending the court with volleyball. The researcher assumed the presence of significant differences in favor of the two research groups in the post-tests. The research community was represented by fifth grade middle school students for the academic year 2023-2024, who numbered (40) studentsAfter conducting the exploratory experiment and extracting the scientific foundations for the two research variables, pre-tests were conducted for them, then the two experimental research groups applied their educational units, which amounted to (8) units for each educational group over a period of (8) weeks, at the rate of one educational unit per week and for a period of (40) minutes. After that, the researcher conducted post-tests for them and then processed the results with the relevant statistical methods. The researcher concluded that the two fields of learning with the two educational methods had a positive impact on Learning the skills of aces and defending the court in volleyball. The researcher also recommended the necessity of using learning fields as well as adopting the principle of diversity in educational methods and focusing on what attracts the learner and motivates him to practice various sports activities and games, including the styles of self-competition and group competition.

All functional institutions in general, and the institution under study in particular, seek to achieve the goals set for them and compete with other institutions related to the task. This can only be achieved through a united work team working in a good work environment free of complications that stand as a barrier to employees, so The researcher seeks to identify the level of satisfaction of the job staff in the Directorate of Youth and Sports in Dhi Qar Governorate? And its relationship to the job environment? To reach his goals, the researcher worked on building two scales: job satisfaction and its axes (motivation - psychological fitness - belonging to the organization) and the job environment scale and its axes (style). Management - Respect - Justice) The descriptive approach was adopted using the survey method and correlational relationships, and the research community consisted of the institution’s employees, numbering (125). Employee and the researcher concluded that the employees had a high level of job satisfaction and a positive work environment, and the research continued for the period of. 11/17/2022 - 2/17/2023.

carboxyl carriers (MCT4), and to codify special endurance training to suit the characteristics of each of the young blinds fencers according to what they carry from the type of carboxyl carrier genes (MCT4), and to identify the effect of rationing special endurance training according to the genetic indications of each young blinds fencer in bearing the muscular strength of the arms and the concentration of the level of lactic acid, and the experimental approach was adopted by designing the two experimental groups on a sample deliberately selected by the inventory method. Comprehensive by (100%) of their community represented by young fencers in the Sports Talent Fencing Care Center in general, whose total number is (14) fencers under the age of (20), Those continuing their training for the sports season (2022/2023), the research sample was deliberately selected from them and then divided procedurally after the procedures of analyzing the examination of the genetic markers of carboxyl carriers (MCT4) into two experimental groups, which showed a classification of a sample of blind weapon fencers who carry type (AT) with (6), and with genotype (AA) with (8), so that this classification in the research procedures represents the two experimental groups of young fencers with blinds, including type (AT) in the first experimental group, and type (AA) in the group The second experiment, after determining the research tests, the endurance exercises for fencing were tried on the fencers of both groups for a period of (8) weeks and at a rate of (3) units per week, and after the completion of the experimentation and statistical data processing system (SPSS) The conclusions were that the difference in genetic markers among young blinds weapon fencers played a role in their different positive effects on them in both increasing the development of muscle strength endurance and reducing the concentration of lactic acid when they received fencing endurance training, and that young blinds with genotype (AA) carriers of carboxyl for the gene (MCT4) are better than those with genotype (AT) in increasing the development of muscle strength endurance and reducing the concentration of lactic acid when they receive fencing endurance training. It is necessary to adopt molecular medicine studies in genetics and sports, and to increase the knowledge of trainers to support their planning for training young blind fencers based on physiological foundations, and it is necessary to adopt the novelty of laboratories in physiology when classifying young blinds fencers according to the genotype of the carriers of the carboxyl of the gene (MCT4).