Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences

Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters affecting the stability and the durability
of buildings, threatening the life of its occupants. These buildings should be withstanding earthquakes by both architectural and structural engineers. The Integration between structural and
envelope system is negatively affected due to; the lack of architectural knowledge in earthquake
resistance, and the absence of cooperation between architectural and structural engineers in
earthquake resistant design. In this research the lack in the nature of the integrative relationship
between the structural and envelope system of earthquake-resistant buildings design is presented. Also, the relationship between these systems, their patterns, and levels in the building to resist
earthquakes are highlighted. Where the concept of integration, patterns and levels are verified,
using inductive methodology (descriptive, and analytical) through election, analyzing of two
different case studies.major result show that the performance pattern is the most common type of
three other integration patterns.Also the envelope ,structural system response achieves an equal
degree of response as both of them are integrated with each other without revoking one the role
of other or affecting the optimal seismic resistance of buildings, and conclusion are presented
further

The extensive global competition between companies and the development of new industrial
technologies have greatly contributed to the current competitive conditions Like industrial
companies, customers demand high quality products, low prices and better performance. This fierce
competition has led to concerns about improved product design. This development is based on
GQFD. Model of this developed Water pump is employed by CAD solid model (version 7). In order
to achieve competition and high quality and high performance in the Iraqi market. GQFD
demonstrates the balance between product development and environmental protection. Used a water
pump for a home air cooler as a case study. Data is collected and distributed using personal
interview methods and questionnaire forms to indicate customer requirements. The data is then
analyzed using Pareto chart and AHP to prioritize customer needs. These priorities are then placed in
house of quality and matrix of relationships between customer requirements and technical
characteristics is established. The product has been developed from electrical to mechanical, in
addition to using accumulated, stored and recycled materials; it also saves 20% of energy, thereby
combining energy reduction with the use of damaged materials and their re-entry into work. As a
result, the cost of pump manufacturing will decrease

Utilizing of subsurface water retention technology is a modern technique to retain and save the application water for sustainability of agricultural production through scheduling and management the irrigation processes. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the supplementary irrigation and rainfed water on improvement of economic water productivity for winter wheat. The experiment was conducted in open field, within Joeybeh Township, located in east of the Ramadi City, in Anbar Province,
for the growing season 2018-2019. Two plots were used for comparison process, the first plot where
membrane trough below the root depth was installed and supplementary irrigation system was conducted beside the rainfed water and according to scheduling the irrigation process as checkbook method.
While in second plot, the membrane trough was installed and only rainfed water was depend on. Cultivated date of winter wheat was December, 20th, 2018, and the harvest date was May, 10th, 2019. The
obtained result was showed that the crop yield and economic water productivity from the first plot and
the second plot were equaled to 0.52 kg/m2
and 0.35 kg/m2
, and 930 ID/m3
and 800 ID/m3
, respectively.
The increasing value of crop yield and economic water productivity in the first plot was more than that
in the second plot by 49 % and 16 %, respectively. The benefits of applying supplementary irrigation
system with installing the new techniques of retaining the applied water were sufficient in improvement
the crop yield and accordingly improved value of the economic water productivity

This research paper is an attempt to reuse plastic waste fibre resulting from plastic sections
industry as an additive to concrete matrix. The relationship between fibre volume fraction and
mechanical properties of concrete and reinforced concrete tiles was investigated. Three volume
fractions of fibre ( 0.5 % , 1 % and 1.5 % - by volume of concrete ) were used through the experimental program. Tests’ results proved a slight decrease in concrete compressive strength as plastic fibre was added compared with the reference mix. Flexural behaviour of concrete tiles was
enhanced as adding fibres. Adding fibre to Concrete results in a negligible reduction in concrete
density. Fibre with high volume fractions improved Splitting tensile strength compared to the
reference mix

Road network infrastructure is the key indicator of sustainable spatial development, as it affects
the economy, environment, and society activities. These can be optimized through minimizing the
time the vehicles take on the road, which in turn requires high connectivity and then high accessibility between the nodes of the road network. However, it is necessary to put a development
strategy that helps the decision makers to produce relative high accessibility over the development time.
In this paper, the vulnerabilities regarding the connectivity and spatial accessibility were pinpointed and analyzed, optimum priorities in sequent new linkages adding are made for developing a sustainable infrastructure with faster enhancement for the spatial accessibility. The results
have become a tough guidance for decision makers, and can be adopted as a first step for legislating a strategy for sustainable transportation system

In this work the effect of degassing on hardness and microstructure of aluminum recycled cans
using aluminum beverage cans scrap from different locations in Baghdad wastes had been studied. Aluminum cans were shredded and ground into small pieces. It was processed through a gas
fired to eliminate the coated layer (paint or lacquer on the metal). Generally the scrap is divided
into two groups before charging to the furnace, one without adding degassing and the other degased with (Ar-N2). When temperature exceed 690C° molten aluminum was pour into two molds,
after cooling. The two ingots were expose to porosity test, hardness, and microstructure. It was
found from recycled cans ingot behave like short freezing range alloys. The main form of shrinkage porosity is localized external sink, appeared at the heat centers or at last region to be solidify.
This had been verified clearly by microstructure of many regions of the ingot without adding a
degasser. Either defect or decrease in hardness was clearly seen in the ingot without degassing
addition. In addition to oxides, a number of additional compounds could be considered inclusions
(intermetallic phase particles) in cast structures. Where the main conclusion was to remove gases
without using a degassing to ingot decadence on the first gas fire on the cans to remove all paint
or lacquer on the metal, but this was not sufficient and properly we need to add degassing to
ingots. Finally this was clearly shown from the results of the ingot with adding a degassing had
89 kg/mm2 HV rather than 61 kg/mm2 for ingot without degassing.

In geotechnical engineering, considered the seepage of water that occur through the soil medium is one
of the important problems that must be accurately studied; therefor, knowledge of influencing factors
on the value of seepage for the soil is a necessary when designing an earth dam. In this study seepage
through Al-Wand dam was analyze by using SEEP/W model. It is a sub- program of Geo- Studio where it
used to determine amount of seepage through the body of the dam and study the effect of the change of
thickness of core and effect of construction without filter in amount of leakage. The results were that
the quantity of leakage was small effected when reducing the thickness of core and when construct the
Al-Wand dam without filter at different level of water in upstream.

This new methodology utilizes Quality Function Deployment (QFD) with Analytic Hierarchical
Process (AHP) together for improving product planning stage, hence, the product development,
because this stage precedes the manufacturing stage and is regarded as an important stage in the
product development. The proposed methodology consists of two models; namely: (1) Curent
QFD Model. (2) Current AHP Model. It was applied practically to demonstrate the models' applicability and suitability, and develop liquid Gas Cylinder Valve produced at Al-Ikhaa General
Company (IGC) for Mechanical Industries. "Thus it was possible to find out the critical and important specifications for improving product planning which should be considered in product
development". These specifications have high ranking and Scaled Value Technical Ratings (SVTR)
of over (50%). SVTR have values as follows: (1) (1.0000) for Pad (H1), then (2) (0.9270) for piston (H4), (3) (0.9195) for gasket (H12), (4) (0.8236) for safety valve (H6), (5) (0.8156) for sealing
1 (H5), (6) (0.6935) for sealing 2 (H9), (7) (0.5441) for installing the regulator with valve (H10)
and (8) (0.5220) for spring2 (H7). When applying AHP method, various results were obtained.
Based on the final score of Al-Ikhaa Company, where the highest defects value was (45%) was
reported in the production processes. Also, values of maintenance dismantling 23%, Product
assemblage 12% and maintenance assemblage 9% of the Product values.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to establish a kinematic model for different
manipulators, whose can be simulate the move in a two-dimensional workspace.The model is
applied and implemented to four robot arm manipulators witha different DOF.The first step of
modelling a robot is establishing its mathematical model parameters. It requires assigning proper
length and angle for each link and creation rotational matrics. Simulation based on Matlabsoftware was implemented for finding their workspace.

The aim of this article is to investigate the properties for joints of welded martensitic stainless
steel (MSS) by ER 309 L filler wire, using tungsten arc welding (Tig). The regions of the base and
welded materials were investigated by means of SEM, EDS, OP and HV were conducted to calculate the properties of the welded specimens. The influence of heat and cryogenic treatments also
investigated, The best results from microstructure side occurrence epitaxial grains growth which
was observed along the interface of weld-metal region, the maximum hardness was (414 HV) in
conventional heat treated samples that tempered at 200°C, precipitation of small carbides were
observed that this is responsible for the improvement in the mechanical properties of the material. Hardness at the HAZ region in state of DCT in all weldments was reduced as compared to
hardness of HAZ region of CHT. The microhardness was at the highest value in the fusion zone

Flow of crude oil in pipelines suffers from a problem of fluid flow pressure drop and high energy
consumption for fluid pumping. Flow can be enhanced using either viscosity reduction or drag
reduction techniques. Drag reduction (DR) is considered as a most effective and most applicable
method. The technique contributes in reducing the frictional energy losses during the flow by
addition of little amounts from drag reducing agents. The present work focuses on preparation
and application of a new natural and low cost material derived from palm fiber (PF) that has been
tested as a drag reducing agent (DRA) for crude oil flow enhancement. This objective has been
achieved through designing and constructing of an experimental rig consisting of: a crude oil
pipe, oil pump, pressure sensors, solenoid valve and programmable logic control. The additive
material (PF) is prepared with different diameters (75µm, 125µm, 140µm) and tested with different concentrations as: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L for reducing the drag inside the oil
pipe. The experimental results showed that the fiber with 125µm diameter and 100ppm is the
best where the percentage of drag reduction reached 43%. Furthermore, the results of this work
proved that PF is an efficient and low cost DRA that can be applied successfully in crude oil pipelines as well as its contribution in the waste management.

Our project was divided into two distinct sections, circuit transmitting and receiving ultrasound
Wave Based on Laser Light. A Wien Bridge and a Triangle Wave Oscillators used to obtain a sine
and a triangular wave, respectively. A comparator circuit which produces Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) that has the same frequency for triangle wave. The PWM was used to drive laser
diode that produced laser light through by MOSFET transistor and received this light by receiving
circuit which consists of a photodiode with resistor as a voltage divider, amplifier circuit to amplify the signal and filter to get any desired frequency. The main objective of this project primarily
was to realize a transmission-reception system to transfer ultrasound Frequency via Laser without a guiding medium, using modulation with little quality loss.