Hawlyat Al-Montada

The controversy still exists about the civilizational blockage in our Arab and Islamic world, and the failure of our civilizational project for progress, prosperity, human building, and the investment of wealth. Among the aspects of this controversy is the conflict between the secular trend and the Islamists, who split into conservatives and enlighteners, who rely on rationalism committed to the principles of Sharia law, proof, and a critical tendency towards any effort. Think about our heritage that extends to early times, and the research is about a (debate) in the foundations and outcomes between two projects that are still competing politically and socially after the decline of (the nationalist project and the Marxist project) to get rid of the extensions of the static period. The research has provided criticism of the two trends, and a statement of the advantages of each of them. Strengths and weaknesses. The research consists of an introduction and five approaches:
1- Current intellectual projects in the Islamic world.
2- Interpreting social phenomena in the Islamic world.
3- Contemporary methodological trends.
4- The relationship of philosophy to religion.
5- Interrogating the historical experience.
Then documentary references and research sources

This study attempts to identify the patterns of arguments in the exegetical hadiths of Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH), and their linguistic references that were employed in these texts to win over and convince the addressee, especially in age of Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH) in which calls, sects and sects abounded, and doctrinal debates flourished. This study came in a preface and three sections. The preface presented a brief presentation of concept of pilgrims in language and terminology, then in the Western and Arab concept. Then the study dealt with in its three
sections the arguments, such as the evidence argument, the framing and the techniques of pilgrims, with the application of all of this to the interpretive narrations of Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH). Then a conclusion with the most important search results.

The issue of seeing God Almighty systematically falls within the scope of negative attributes, However, he was separated from it and dealt with it independently by virtue of the great controversy that surrounded it And the many differences that arose among Muslims on this subject throughout Islamic history.
The nature of the difference that surrounds the issue revolves around what is known about visual vision and whether it is possible to see God with this material eye, similar to seeing the rest of things, or not?
Our research in this article focuses on this visual vision and the differences raised around it Without entering into other meanings of vision, such as seeing with the heart and the truths of faith, Our research does not include this section and the opinions and ideas surrounding it, except in the way of reference and abbreviation, as required by the denominator.

Scholars differed in determining the time in which the Holy Qur’an was compiled, to three opinions: Some of them believe that the Holy Qur’an was compiled in the time of the Messenger (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), and some of them believe that it was compiled in the time of Abu Bakr, and the last opinion believes that it was compiled in The time of Othman bin Affan. Sheikh Al-Nahawandi tends to the first opinion, which is that the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was the one who compiled the Holy Qur’an because he is the truthful and trustworthy in preserving the Great Book, and as evidenced by the narratives indicating that he (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) had writers of revelation whose mission was to compile the Holy Qur’an. As for the arrangement of the surahs and verses of the Holy Qur’an, it is an endowment from God Almighty

The ideological dimension occupies a great importance in human life, and arriving to the results of belief issues depends in many of them on various introductions , some of which are learned through research from the same researcher due to his speciality or simalrity of his specialization . The specialists and their experience in determining the truth of the question that the doctrinal researcher prepares as a necessary prelude to obtaining the result according to the logical context
Relying on the expert’s experience in determining the position of the premises varies with the diversity of sciences. The research conducted here is related to the premises of the humanities and does not include experimental or pure sciences.
Relying on the sayings of the people of experience in the sciences that man does not acquire knowledge of from the biography that the wise have been doing in their dealings with the differences in societies and the variance in times, which leads to the assertion that it is one of the applications of rational behavior (alseerah ), while some went to make it one of the applications of witness testimony or one of the applications of trusty telling , but the latter two have their own conditions that may limit the benefit from the expert’s experience, and the weights tend to be from the applications of rational behavior.
Also, the speech was not based on the realization of evidentiary (Mangaziya )and excuses ( Al-Ma'thari )with its importance, but the topic of this research is related to the extent of the sayings of the experts about knowledge, not his excuse. The revealing of knowledge, although it faces the obstacle of the possibility of the expert’s error, which brings him down the status of conjecture, and thus departs from the complete visibility , but the possibility of error can be remedied by the accumulation of possibilities and by the enclosure of reassurance that the assertion that corresponds to reality is generated.

The Holy Qur’an forbade reprehensible morals in texts that all come together to reform the servants, body and soul, outwardly and inwardly. The purpose of this is to reveal its behavioral effects at the level of the individual and the group. For the individual, morals are the basis of success and self-purification, and self-refinement in its meaning and meaning means refining the self inwardly and outwardly in his movements. Ethics is the basis for building human societies, Islamic or non-Islamic. Ethics and good deeds supported by exhortation to the truth, and exhortation to patience in the face of temptations and challenges would build a fortified society that is not affected by the factors of deterioration and decline, The affliction of nations and civilizations is not complete in the weakness of their material capabilities, or their scientific achievements, but rather in the moral value that prevails and endows them. This research has been divided into an introduction and three sections. The science of meanings, and the third topic included: technical study.

This study focuses on what Usama ibn Munqidh has presented to us through internal portrayals of his close family, who constitute the foremost presence in his life. Usama has documented some observations and interactions with them, listening, recording, and interacting with them while in their midst. Relying on the images stored in his memory, he began his memoirs at the age of ninety.
The study delves into the social aspects of life, including customs in medicine, trials, religious matters, and traditions. Usama recorded his observations on hunting methods, types of domesticated animals, and forests. These images are the result of the treasury of his memory and what they can represent. Memories pass through the framework of Usama's ethical and cultural system. In other words, the image is not the person himself but rather the person through narratives and stories that depict him. It creates a similar image formed from swarms of successive and accumulated images, making it difficult to separate them from the reality of the person himself.

Poets, ancient and modern, have been interested in metaphorical imagery due to the effective energies and multiple suggestions in this art in creating the artistic image. This interest was not limited to poets only, but critics began to pay more attention to it, exalting its value and demonstrating its virtue. Because it is more capable of achieving the desired meaning and expressing the sensations and feelings and the emotions and spiritual states that arise in the soul, especially when the language, with its usual stereotypical structures, is unable to express the expressive statement that the writer envisions. Among the poets who paid attention to this rhetorical art was Abu Mansour al-Tha'alabi (d. 429 AH), who used this artistic technique to express his environment and depict the scenes and scenes surrounding it so vividly that the reader imagines that he is watching them with his own eyes. In order to clarify the features of this creative specificity in Al-Tha’alabi’s poetry, this article attempts, by adopting the descriptive and analytical approach, to study it with a solid scientific study to show this technique that Al-Tha’labi used with complete craftsmanship to express through it his superior ability in creating wonderful rhetorical images that are adorned with a unique aesthetic and an innovative format that reflects imagination. Fertile and inspiring visions. It became clear through the research that the poet used most types of metaphor in creating his metaphorical images, including explicit, metaphorical, investigative, imaginative, and others. Due to his admiration for this aesthetic art on the one hand, and his ability to create stunning images that are always present in the mind. This rhetorical art appears in most of the poetic purposes that the poet dealt with in his collection of poems, such as praise, lamentation, poetry, description, and so on. It is a continuous, living appearance that grows through metaphorical intensification and presenting it in a new guise that distances it from the usual monotony and boring repetition.

This research aims to study "discipline in the discourse of Prophets according to Brown and Levinson's face theory" and to highlight the ethical, behavioral, and social values through which the manifestations of discipline can be demonstrated in these discourses. It also seeks to clarify the extent of the prophets' dedication (peace be upon them) to preserving their face from threats or defamation, which they were exposed to after every social encounter and interaction, necessitating linguistic coherence. This is achieved through the informative, communicative, and interactional politeness aspects. It seeks to highlight the roles of both the speaker and the addressee in maintaining positive and negative face wants during communicative interactions. Indeed, discipline, courtesy, and compassion on the part of the speaker serve as a means to convey the message. However, this requires the addressee to practice discipline and refrain from causing harm or offense to the speaker's face. Nevertheless, the addressed group, at times, has resorted to breaching discipline by causing harm to the speaker's face and issuing threats.

The fertility factor is one of the main factors in population studies. It constitutes the main source of population growth and is more difficult to understand than mortality, as we can predict and control it, but it is affected by social, economic, political and health variables, and it is a characteristic of women according to a specific period of time. It begins at the age of (49-15) years, and fertility is the actual process of procreation for females when giving birth to live children, and not just the ability to conceive and give birth. Fertility is used to determine the actual true reproduction and varies depending on the spatial environment. It varies from one place to another depending on the circumstances that surround the place, and it changes from Fertility levels are the level or social status of the individual as well. Individuals are distinguished from others by their distribution among environments or place of birth, i.e. their place of residence. The research shows the distribution of women among administrative units and is divided according to their numbers and according to the capacity of each administrative unit depending on the size of the population and area. The study shows variation Unequal distribution of women among district centers in Najaf Governorate

Most women around the world suffer from inequality, and a high percentage of women who suffer from discrimination are concentrated in the countries of the South. Therefore, these countries need to strengthen relations between civil society organizations and women, as pressure is exerted on the responsible authorities in order to provide the maximum degree of stability for women.
Through the media and community awareness, as women face weak political participation and lack of social and economic contribution, this is why civil society institutions in Iraq seek to empower women and promote gender equality, which achieves development, because improving the conditions of women and employing their social, political and economic abilities and potentials is a great endeavor. The importance of realizing sustainable development.

Addresses this purely commitment to ensuring safety in the electronic sales contract, which is one of the legal means developed to protect the consumer that the French legislation created. Our study in this research focused on the emergence of this commitment in the general rules until it became an independent obligation in itself, as well as its concept in terms of its concept in terms of its definition and conditions its basis ,legal nature, and the position of comparative legislation by each of (Iraqi-Algerian-Jordanian-French), in addition to searching for texts to protect the contracted consumer through modern means of communication and the consequent penalty when the seller breaches his commitment to deliver a proper sale and security offered through modern means of communication, are the general rules considered in the theory of hidden defects in its traditional form, it is sufficient for a contracted consumer through modern means of communication who acquires the internet screen for sales that often lacks the element of safety and safety as a result of the seller\'s use when displaying means of fraud and fraud and improving the image of the sale is not authorized by its hidden defects and risks when using or is the new rules for consumer protection such as a safety commitment Sufficient and more responsive to protect the inception As for the electronic or the consumer needs texts that suit these sophisticated contracts to protect it.

Human rights vary in terms of rank and classification, some of which are considered a universal right, some of which are a national right, and social justice as a concept is from the point of view of law a human right of a global nature, as it has been confirmed by most of the universal declarations of human rights and adopted by most national constitutions 0 This right targets all members of society, but it is more active for some groups that suffer from a low level of living or deprivation of access to opportunities to reach fair and equal access with their other peers, or the state of old age and progress Age and finally the case of special needs, and the problem of the study appears through the failure of the Iraqi legislator to adopt some applications of the principle of social justice properly applied in addition to the failure of the executive authority to ensure this principle fully and mention of that social justice in the field of social expenses and salaries and health care and the obsolescence of most of the legislation regulating social justice We dealt with the subject of the study by dividing the research material on two sections The first section will be the concept of social justice, while the second section will be the role of social justice By promoting human rights and their obstacles, The most prominent results that we have reached are, that the Iraqi legislator did not embody the principles of social justice in full, as there is a legislative and executive obstruction of some forms of social justice that the people desperately need, and that the most prominent proposals put forward by the study is the establishment of a Ministry of Social Justice and review legislation related to salaries .

The research contains an overview of the Zionist ideology on which the state of "Israel" was established, and a historical overview of the Jewish clergy. The first axis came to define the religious institution, and the second axis showed the role of the religious institution in the "Israeli" army. The third axis dealt with the role of the religious institution in the "Israeli" society. Finally, the fourth axis outlined the role of the religious institution in "Israeli" political decision-making.

The Jews are among the nations that are characterized by stubbornness, arrogance, and rebellion against the prophets, and they are distinguished by wealth and affluence, and they love to collect money through unlawful means, and they deal with usury for the sake of profit without risks, or losses, so they love money very much, and among their morals are arrogance and loftiness, and they exaggerate in their perverted beliefs And they practice vices in various forms, and the Qur’an described them and described their dealings, morals, and beliefs that distinguished them from the rest of the nations in the earth with many verses.

The book Al-Mufassal in the History of the Arabs before Islam) by Dr. Jawad Ali Taher is one of the most famous books that dealt with the study of the history of the Arabs before Islam in great details. And the author tackled this study by compiling the personal opinions of Dr Jawad in his books. to study these opinions, and clarify their type in terms of their apparent and implicit, and the words in which these opinions were received, as well as clarifying the intent and the image in which these opinions came.

This study aims to investigate the interpersonal metafunction of EFL university instructors’ talk. Understanding and comprehending a speech serves as a means to convey ideas to the audience effectively. Nonetheless, previous research has emphasized that a successful speech should encompass all elements of interpersonal metafunction: mood, speech function, and modality. For this end, this study attempts to apply the systemic functional linguistics (SFL) in order to analyze the verbal lectures of the university instructors. One spoken lecture in English literature namely ‘drama course’ is chosen and one spoken lecture in Applied linguistics namely ‘writing course’ is selected. These two spoken lectures are selected from the You Tube randomly. For the analysis of the data, this study follows qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative research method. The final results of this study show that declarative mood, statement speech function, and probability modality are often used in the instructors’ talk. It is important to maintain the communication between the teacher and the student vital. Some pedagogical implications are suggested at the end of this study.

Translating literary texts involves the transfer of an entire culture into a different cultural context. This task seeks to examine the essential attributes and challenges which come across in the interpretation of literary texts. The paper follows some translation techniques and approaches proposed by notable theorists, including Peter Newmark, Eugene Nida, Mona Baker, and Schleiermacher. Translation theories and methods are introduced to justify the solutions which have been made. These methods are applied here to present optimal solutions for effectively translating literary works, creating a target text that is acceptable and faithful to the original. The paper has based its discussion on the translation of Frankistine in Baghdad\فرانكستاين في بغداد into English, written by Ahmed Saadawi and translated into English by Jonathan Wright. The paper studies, analyzes, and solves these problems for this translation. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the results.