Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Trichophyton interdigitale is a significant pathogen responsible for dermatophytosis, including tinea unguium & tinea pedis.A fungal genome contains numerous copies of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). (ITS) region can be used to analyze relationships between closely related taxa.The genetic variants of the ribosomal sequences were investigated to assess the pattern of biological diversity of three isolates (assigned S4, S6 and S7) collected in Karbala province.Our results indicated the exact identity of the amplified samples. Sequencing reactions indicated that the identity of S4, S6, and S7 samples was Trichophyton interdigitale. phylogenetic analyses also confirmed their positions within their corresponding clades accordingly.

The current study aims to show the relationship between gene polymorphisms (SNP( of miRNA 146-a of patients infected with otitis media. This finding included 50 samples collected from healthy subjectss and 100 samples from patienst suffering from otitis media who attended Al-Sadr Medical City (ENT Department) in Al-Najaf Governorate from February 2022 to June 2022. The samples had an average age ranging from 5 to 70 years. Genotyping of miRNA 146-a revealed the presence of three genotypes: GG, CG, and CC, representing (16%, 47%, and 37%) respectively in patients with otitis media, while it was (27%, 18%, and 55%) respectively in healthy subjects. CG was common in patients while GG was more common in healthy subjects—miRNA as a potential biomarker of patients infected with otitis media.

The study of interleukin 4 (IL-4) genotyping in Hashimoto patients is considered one of the challenges of sustainable development. Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the cells of the thyroid gland, causing the death of the cells that produce thyroid hormones, and thus leading to chronic hypothyroidism. the current study aims to determine the genotyping of IL-4 -590C>T in the DNA of Hashimoto patients and compared it with healthy subjects. To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 54 Hashimoto's disease patients and 25 healthy as control groups, during the period from March 2022 to September 2022. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples for molecular analysis to investigate the IL-4 -590 C/T gene polymorphism in patients and the control groups. Genotyping is done by using Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. The current study, included 50/54 females and 4/54 males with Hashimoto thyroiditis with ages ranging from 20-59 years old. The results showed that the age group 40-49 years were the most affected, Also, the body mass index was had increased among patients. The CT genotype is present in 74% of Hashimoto patients while 16% of controls. The C allele was found at a high rate in both patients and control with percentages of 100% and 96% respectively. The Hashimoto patients have more frequency of CT genotyping of IL-4 -590 C>T than control, while C Allele was high in both Hashimoto patients and controls. The -590 CC genotype in the IL4 gene may consider to be a strong predictive factor for the development of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto disease ( HD).

Tumor development is a complex process involving abnormal cell proliferation within an organism. This study aims to understand tumors, their categorization, formation methods, and effects on human health. Tumor growth is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Dextran, a glucose-based polysaccharide, has been used in medical applications for blood plasma substitutes and antithrombotic agents. Researchers are interested in its potential therapeutic applications due to its biocompatibility and unique properties. Dextransucrase, a glucosyltransferase, plays a vital role in synthesizing glucan polymers. Advancements in cancer research reveal the nuanced roles of biopolymers like dextran in tumor biology, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. In this study MCF-7 cell line maintained in MEM, reseeded twice a week, incubated at 37°C. The MTT cell viability assay was conducted on 96-well plates to assess cytotoxic effects. Cell lines were seeded, treated with the tested compound, and measured after 72 hours. After solubilization, absorbency was determined using a microplate reader at 492 nm. The results showed A decrease in cell viability was observed with decreasing Dextran concentration, with a negative correlation between concentration and cell viability. A P-value of 0.001 indicates statistically significant effects on MCF-7 cell cytotoxicity, rejecting the null hypothesis that Dextran has no effect. Dextransucrase exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cells, with a significant effect at the highest concentration (1000) and a negative correlation at the lowest concentration (31.25). The P-value of 0.001 was below the 0.05 threshold, rejecting the null hypothesis. According to the results of cell viability, the highest concentration (1000) had the lowest viability, while the lowest concentration (31.25) had the highest. The data supports the cytotoxic potential of Dextransucrase in a dose-dependent manner.

Obesity has emerged as a global health problem. Although various studies have linked obesity to a wide spectrum of diseases mainly diabetes and cardiovascular disease, little is known concerning involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in non-diseased conditions. The current study aims to evaluate the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in sera of healthy obese individuals.
A case control study involved fifty healthy obese and fifty normal weight individuals. After obtaining relevant clinical data, sera were taken for further laboratory investigations including lipid profile, fasting serum glucose and HbA1c. Samples were also investigated for determining inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including highly sensitive C - reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT).
Total cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in healthy obese individuals compared to normal weight controls (p < 0.0001, 0.009 and < 0.0001 respectively). The hs-CRP, MDA and GGT were also statistically significantly higher in healthy obese (p < 0.001, 0.005 and 0.001 respectively). Moreover, MDA was positively correlated with GGT and was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The obtained findings suggest that, there may be an existence of a low grade chronic inflammation consistent with oxidative stress which might be considered as a risk factor for developing metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disturbances mainly diabetes mellitus, hypertension and stroke.