Journal of International studies

This study discussed basic subject in the modern and current economic , social ,political history of iraq . this subject is the emergence of middle class -Bourgeoisie - with it is industrial , commercial winges and its intellectual elites . our study depended on historical ,social comparative approach , to prove its hypothesis .this hypothsis says , iraqi Bourgeoisie has deep rootes in the history to re sort to beginning of nineteenth century .but this class growed and developed step by step and slowly , because local and foreign political variables .the study referd to the role of som pioneer political and social personalities in this field , and some socialite notables . also , this study refered to the role of some pathfinder establishmentes in this field .

This study targets to research about the available opportunitiefor Iraq to face ISIS challenge and in the same tim to rconsider about its securty factors according to the right bases that can throught it to make use from the current experiment and its receptivity, especially after Al-Mosul event in 2014, on the both sides the provincial and international on condition that receptivity guarantee the durability in its national policy and adopt militry ideology and strategy which can result from it employ the changes in order to reach to the goal in quickertime and less cost.It is administration's dilemma by all its delails. The sources are available in all its types and the provincial, international change began and in the Iraq interest. Iraqies have nothing to do only to insist on their determinations and minds to manage the imge for what they are looking for from security and let their confrontation to ISIS not only challenge for confronttion, but possession for acheivment and that is the stratege administration which suppose to attend in the Iraqi politicians minds. It is just acall and discharge of reliability

The birth of the state in the countries of Africa were not a natural birth but was a tradition of the colonial state in form and substance. That state-building in Africa will remain a problem faced by African countries, despite the international attention and local where, and see that the settlement of the structural problems in the composition of the African countries, particularly with regard to the balance between the political institutions, and reduce the dominance of institution over another, this, as well as loyalty development of narrow loyalty to national loyalty to create a national identity distinct, and in the reduction of sub-identities that often lead to strife. Finally we can say that the benefit from the international attention to state-building in African countries, the need should be met but it takes resolve its internal problems impeding the building, without the settlement of internal problems remain state-building and outputs efforts are not in favor of bridging the relationship between state and society in Africa.

The transitional justice a necessity to re-establish a state on the basis of the legitimacy of legal and pluralistic democracy, because the walk towards the future requires a comprehensive and final liquidation of each conflicts of the past, and this is done by introducing the concept of transitional justice after the way that ensures justice and redress to the victims, and the transition from a past painful to the future bright
The transitional justice means to achieve the principle of justice during the transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic system, or from civil war to peace, or freedom from occupation, they also include the processes and mechanisms associated with the attempts being made by the community to understand his legacy of past excesses of large-scale in order to ensure accountability and justice , this judicial and non-judicial mechanisms may include Through the study of transitional justice in South Africa Bottom line, we can experience the following:
The future of transitional justice and faced several challenges, in the State of South Africa, and its success depends on the political challenges that are self-governing, a state of the Zulu tribe, and make decisions by majority. Economic challenges and represented the possibility of the distribution of wealth, and the issues of corruption, and unemployment. And social challenges of the educational and cultural domain, and in the health field, and in the field of housing, high rates Jerimh.ala that all that has been surpassed and the consolidation of peaceful coexistence policy, which reflected the stability of the political system and the success of his experience in transitional justice.

The intergovernmental relationship constitutes a fundamental element in the stability of the federal political system. Indeed, it is the essential foundation in which states avoid crises and problems that could lead to instability and to the possibility of secession. However, the pattern of this relationship is different from one federal system to another basing on a number of factors, amongst of which are: the nature of the political system, the social-cultural structures, national economy and the distribution of natural recourses, as well as the historical-political background that escalated the demands to adopt federalism.

The topic area of that research dealing with achievements of Iraqi women during the 20th century , The role of woman differed from economic , social , and political institutions although the absence of female role because of traditional institutions and nomadic culture , The role of woman increased after 2003 , the Iraqi parliament gave female rate , and thats , rate must be decreased upon 25% . while the rise the IsIs and controllers upon many parts of Iraq make Women suffering from discrimination and difficult changes.

The search displays to international efforts to counter terrorism and eliminate it by reaching international agreements and protocols and resolutions of UN limit this phenomenon, through including exposed to Iraq of terrorism and aggression targeting its security and its people and national unity, and the role of international support Iraq in its resistance to terrorism, and the formation of the international military coalition , as well as pledges of the parties to the coalition and the international community to support Iraq in its war against terrorism, and the goal now is the so-called (the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, (Daash)), has addressed the research and highlighted Russia's role in support of Iraq and its support in the war against terrorism, the fact that Russia is one of the electrodes international mission in support of Iraq, which is associated with the task of armament agreements and commitments

Iraqi constitution, which is the principles contained therein foundation adopted in all fields, followed by the government apparatus and all decisions taken both internally or external approach points out, the legislative authority is not dependent decision if it violates the content of one of the principles of the constitution, so it is the reality of the attention of the Iraqi constitution policy general This is perhaps what distinguishes all the constitutions of the neighboring Arab countries, including the non-Arab, as the Iraqi Constitution refers directly or indirectly to the public policy in more than substance, and is an indication of the importance attached by the Iraqi government for the formulation of public policy and the role it plays in rule the country, however it is so far the Iraqi government has done little to engage in the process of policy formulation, according to the rules and principles of the discipline and restrictions definitions of public policy