Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

The spread of COVID-19 has become a growing cause of mortalities over the globe since its major outbreak in December 2019. Based on the many studies, the host cell affected by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), become corrupted through Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is an integral membrane protein and a zinc metalloprotease of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) family. This protein consists of 805 amino acids and cleaves angiotensin's I and II as a carboxypeptidase. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2 has become an interesting subject to deep understanding of COVID-19 disease. One of the most important effects of this interaction is increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this review, we discuss in different stages the various preexisting cardiovascular diseases mechanisms responsible for same with COVID-19 infection.

This study knew that comparing type 2 diabetes mellitus and some pro-inflammatory immune factors, IL-6 and CRP clarified the higher glucose and their relationship in stimulating these immune factors. Type II diabetes mellitus, elevated incidence of disease, elevated IL6 and CRP II, in the absence of substrates run on elevated blood glucose.

Toxoplasma is one of the most distribution in the world and occurs in numerous ways either as a result of eating mature eggs through water or vegetables contaminated with animal residues, or because of eating meat containing cyst stage , and in rare cases through blood transfusion or organ transplantation, In addition, the infection is transmitted from the mother with toxoplasmosis to her fetus for the first time during pregnancy. The most serious infection is congenital infection.Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases caused by many health problems in both humans and animals. It can lead to abortion or congenital defects in the fetus and may affect the nervous system and affect the vital functions of the brain

Cranberry fruit is distinguished by its complex phytochemical profile, which includes flavonoids for example:"flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins; catechins, phenolic acids and triterpenoids" . Cranberry fruit extracts exhibit antiviral activity in addition to their antibacterial and antifungal effects. In the current research, an ethanol extract of cranberry juice (Vaccinium macrocarpon L.) was tested for its antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women. These bacteria include e. coli and salmonella. It is evident that the ethanol extract of cranberry juice (Vaccinium macrocarpon L.) "had excellent inhibitory effects on all of the selected" bacteria, particularly with standard concentrations (100%) it clearly shows that it had noticeable effectiveness in comparison to antibiotics all bacteria as a result of having the largest zone of inhibition The impact of cranberry juice, which is made from the Vaccinium macrocarpon L. plant, differed depending on the strain of bacteria that was used and the concentration of the extract. The CNS was more sensitive to the cranberry juice (Vaccinium macrocarpon L.), with a rate of inhibition of 100%, whilst the E. coli strain seemed to be less responsive to the extract, with a rate of inhibition of 60%. The percentage of inhibition of Staph. aureus was (90%), whereas the rate of inhibition for P. valgarus was 75%. In this study, Vaccinium macrocarpon L, more familiary known as cranberry juice, exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of all of the organisms being studied.

TTopical and systemic antibiotic treatment are essential in the prevention and treatment of wound infections. Systemic antibiotics, on the other hand, are strongly linked to mechanisms of resistance, which jeopardize the treatment process. The direction of systemic antibiotics to the eschar becomes less reliable the deeper the burn and the thicker the eschar becomes for local wound care . As a result, topical antibiotics appear as a viable treatment option, as they help to maintain a “high and sustained concentration of the antimicrobial at the infection site” .
Every year, wound treatment develops a high urgent clinical problem, as The requirement for wound care has an influence on a significant percentage of the global population. The system of healthcare in the United States spends $20 million a year on wounds . An Incisional, acute, and chronic wounds are all examples of wounds that can become infected and lead to more complications.