AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The present paper studies the use of adjectives in Shakespeare's Sonnets (4, 5, 6, & 9), which are chosen randomly, on the three levels: grammar, lexis and conversation. It tackles adjectives as a literary term with presenting their forms and functions. The presentation is done according to the themes, their forms and functions in conversation, the adjectives are shown in this paper as for their forms, frequency and meanings in the sonnets and their effects on studying. The analysis is done according to Quirk et al. (1985) and Quirk and Greenbaum (1973). Then, all adjectives have been calculated in the sonnets. The results of the analysis have shown that compound adjectives which occurred (31) are used more than the Suffixation and Prefixation as (13) and (8) respectively. The paper shows that there is a clear relation between adjectives and the thematic structure of the sonnets. The presentation of adjectives proves Shakespeare's witty ways to use them in a method that equals various themes. Moreover, they are used precisely and accurately to transmit themes and have pedagogical effects in conversation.

The research deals with stylistics and literary criticism by definition and comparison. and the position of modern literary criticism of stylistics. It distinguishes between two types of stylistics: the stylistics of literature dealt with by literary criticism, and the modern stylistics. Explain the differences between the two types. And we will see in the research that stylistics, despite its belonging to language, literature, criticism and rhetoric, but it was able to be independent of characteristics that make it independent of criticism and language. The research also deals with the concept of literature, as it is the common area between stylistics and literary criticism, and the applied field of them.
The research was built on an introduction and three sections
The first topic deals with the definition of style and stylistics.
The second topic: stands at literature and its connection to literary criticism.
The third topic: it compares stylistics and literary criticism.

Jokes have increasingly become the medium through which people in different Arab countries express their concerns. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are full of jokes tackling various spheres of life. Those jokes serve as a secure resort for people to raise issues they may not be able to express openly. The present study deals with the complications involved in the translation of Arabic jokes in general, and political jokes in particular into English. It sheds some light on the extent to which the translations of those jokes retain the force of their originals. The corpus of this study consists of 100 jokes that have been collected from different websites. The theoretical framework is eclectic, as it considers theories of translation and linguistics. It is based on Hans Vermeer's skopos theory (Nord, 1997; Reiss and Vermeer, 2014; Vermeer, 1989), and Halliday's theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) (Halliday, 1985/1994). This study concludes that understanding a joke and then reproducing and translating it depends on a combination of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The joke tellers may embrace various ideologies, and translators are required to be familiar with those ideologies to render the text adequately. The fidelity of translation will never be preserved unless all those aspects are taken into consideration.

The study sheds light on the literary and scientific efforts of a contemporary Iraqi academic researcher specializing in Andalusian literature who has published a lot of researches and books related to this topic; Professor Dr. Hamida Saleh Mahdi Al-Baldawi.
The study aims at being aware of her published and printed efforts in this field, and getting acquainted with its style and literary importance for researchers and readers. It is limited to an analysis of samples of her research output in authoring and publishing according to the years of research. Al Baldawi has adopted the literary and artistic style in her scientific and academic method for study and analysis, thus her product has a literary taste and a cognitive material and is a mark in the world of scientific creativity and cognitive composition.
The researcher, Dr. Hamida Al-Baldawi, is considered to be among the second generation of Andalusian literature historians, investigators and scholars of Andalusian heritage.

This research paper presents the main theme of the revenge of conscience in John Grisham’s A Time to Kill (1989)
The emergence of Arabic play in Nigeria cannot be easily traced. However, the first published one is the Oseni’s al ’Amid al-Mubajjal (The Honorable Dean) in 1994.Thereafter, more than forty of the Nigerian Arabic plays have emerged. The aim of this study is to give a summarized translation of the play and critically examine its literary elements such as the themes, setting, characterization and plots as portrayed in the Arabic play. The research is also significant as it exposes the moral value of the play. The researcher used the descriptive method of research. The play is a reflection of what goes on in some Nigerian Universities where some students and staff are being oppressed by some wicked staff. Having examined the literary styles, it is found that literary elements are used by the author to a large extent to pilot the organic unity of the play. It is recommended, therefore, that the play should be staged on international television stations for the benefit of humanity.

Many Arabic language sciences have a relationship with each other and organic correlation, and although some topics and interests vary from science to science, this has not prevented the apparent correlation and overlap between them.
The importance of this study is that it examines between two important polar sciences in Arabic sciences, old and new, as a model on the twashj.
This study aims to explore the depths of the relationship between literature and grammar in the Arab heritage, and to clarify its manifestations, old and new, and this study came to answer several questions, including: What are the manifestations of cognitive correlation between Arabic literature and Arabic grammar?, what is the role of literature in the genesis and development of grammar?, is the cognitive correlation between literature and grammar increasing or decreasing?
This study followed the descriptive inductive approach, as they prioritized the study of manifestations of cognitive ization among scientists.
The study summarized a set of findings: that grammar and its rules are necessary to understand meaning and analyze literary texts and that towards the text of modern studies that confirm the manifestations of this combination of literature and grammar.

The article analyzes the ideological and genre features of L. Ulitskaya's work "The Plague, or OOI in the City", examines the features of building an artistic whole, ways of creating images of characters and their characteristics, stylistic features of the work.

The prose poem is a literary term that has recently emerged and was able to compete with verse, and could be independent from it. It has its own ways of analysis and detail to investigate the depths of his rhetoric.
This form of literature has found supporters, in addition to face opponents; a fierce war that took it out of the Arab literature, but it is a well-known Arab literature that has roots extending to poetry and prose, it combined their characteristics, until it was said that it was present in the shrine, and the writings of the ancients, so it was necessary to search for this type of literature and its origins, and give an explanation of the original and the objectionable attached to it.
The research is starts with an introduction, the first section; the concept of the prose poem and its origin, the second section; the characteristics of the prose poem, the third section; rhetorical arts in examples of prose poems.

The article describes the psychological reality of the characters in the story "The Coughing Couple", which is full of pain, emotion, and suffering from the epidemic. His characters use non-verbal language to express their feelings, which the author expresses in his own words to convey to the reader what his characters feel. The reason for choosing this topic is that it leads us to the same reality of psychological trauma that the COVID-19 pandemic currently affects all human societies on our planet. This psychological trauma is due to preventive social distancing and quarantine, which resulted in experience written transmitted in contemporary literary production.

In Al-Bukhala by Al-Jahidh, the family plays an important role. It attracted our attention immediately, and we noticed that, despite its relevance, it did not receive an independent study in all published research on the book in the Arabic, French and English languages. Therefore, we decided to devote to it this article, which we worked on, to monitor all the anecdotes, sayings and news related to the family, wife and children in Al-Jahidh’s book, then analyze and interpret them based on what modern knowledge provides us with in sociology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy and other knowledge in order to reach a comprehensive scientific understanding of the miser's behavior toward those closest to him, especially his wife and dependents, on the one hand, and his representations of them based on his (egotism) centrality, which is inextricably linked to the centrality of money "the pole on which the world revolves" in his social philosophy on the other.
If money is the compass that leads him to everything including himself, then how about his wife and his dependents. We realized that this would not happen without it having repercussions on his psyche and behavior, diverting him from the norm and from the habit, and without reflecting on his relationship with the people closest to him. A complex relationship that we have worked to dismantle and uncover the dialectical dualities that organize it: love and hate - connection and separation - attraction and alienation - exclusion, integration and other dualities.

Virtual museums are designed as interactive websites in which information is communicated smoothly by allowing the possibility of 3Dvirtual tours in the museum and obtaining information through a database. These websites represent virtual entities in order to display a number of museum holdings that exist in different places with the possibility of commenting on them. Additionally, these museums rely on digital audio and visual technologies created on the Internet with the aim of promoting a museum. It is possible that this museum does not have a real presence on the ground to preserve artifacts like paintings, pottery, and sculptures and the like.
The current study explores this new boom (the era of electronics, computers, the international information network, e-mail and other achievements and developments that made it easier for people to obtain high speed and accurate information about any place, from their homes). The use of modern technologies has an important and pivotal role in distinguishing the work of the tourist guide, especially by relying on virtual reality techniques that contribute effectively to simulating the natural reality of tourist attractions. The main aim of this study is to focus on how to improve virtual museums to help people with special needs and qualifying tourist guides in the use of modern technologies, scientific tourism, and educational, academic and artistic museums. These museums contain an integrated virtual electronic guide that contains all the information related to tourist attractions and archaeological sites that could be useful for tourists.
The research then investigates potentialities of working to increase the average number of nights of residence, by expanding the base of tourist attractions of all kinds to overcome the problem of seasonality and reducing the prices to encouraging incentive tourism and holding carnival shows to attract tourists to spend more days and nights in the tourism destination.
This research first examines relevant literature on possibility to develop virtual museums’ important and pivotal role in spreading the culture of tourism and the development of the tourism processes from the traditional towards the modern style that depends on artificial intelligence techniques. Findings revealed that modern technologies have an important and pivotal role in the development of tourism and facilitate the processes of museums to integrate practical reality with virtual reality. The study provides recommendations that could encourage more tourists to enjoy their visit and improve marketing efforts, to increase the number of visitors of tourist destinations.

This study deals with (The Approach of Literary Appreciation of Mahmoud Shaker and Muhammad Abi Musa - Critical Reading). By identifying the most prominent motives for heading for each of these two venerable sciences to this method, which almost differs from all literary, critical, and intellectual curricula that the university and scientific institutes dealt with by teaching, learning, and instructing students for a generation after a generation. The study also reveals the effect of Mahmoud Shaker’s approach on his students generally, and on Dr. Muhammad Abi Musa in particular, how they received that method, how they followed it in their books and writings, and what is the response of the university or the academic direction of that curriculum. In the light of this, the study faced literary and intellectual battles about the curriculum of Mahmoud Shaker and Muhammad Abi Musa. The students and writers divided between those who supported or rejected this curriculum. The memorable battle is of pre-Islamic poetry that developed and extended its roots to (Al-Mutanabbi)'s book written by Mahmoud Shaker. In which he responded to many of Taha Hussein’s writings marked (with Al-Mutanabbi), and he accused Taha Hussein of stealing a book named (Al-Mutanabbi) by Mahmoud Shaker. Then he discussed in a group of articles the curriculum and how the approach to literature taste was not Shakir's invention or creation out of nowhere but embedded in the heritage of Arabic language and literature. He only drew its features, outlined its dimensions, and worshiped its path for everyone who wanted to walk on it. Muhammad Abi Musa was one of his eminent students that followed all these debates, had a clear impact on Moses’ thought and his approach to criticism and art after that, which was not far from what Mahmoud Shaker planned.

This study intends to reveal (the structure of narrative time in the autobiography my story book by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid as a model) by analyzing the elements that are forming the structure of time in the text.
The study starts with endeavor to answer a problematic question which answer determines the importance of this research, and its objective: To what extent does the biography of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid expose the ability to deal with narrative studies?
The study proceeded in two intersecting lines, where the text resembled the point of intersection between them: the first is to study the formal structure of the text by analyzing the structural elements, and the second is to reveal the contents presented by the book.
At this point, the goal of this study is determined, which is to clarify the presence of time through what is presented in the content of the book (My Story) by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid.
The study used many Arabic sources and translated references, prefixed by the book (My Story). A Dictionary of Narratives by Gerald Pons, and a book of Storytelling by Gerald Gent.
The link between form and content necessitated the use of the technical-analytical approach, which is based on monitoring the time elements, classifying them, and finally subjecting them to analysis. To determine the features of the temporal structure in the text.
The research consisted of four main pivots of: the nature of time - the Time System - the rhythm of time - Time frequency.
It was evident that our analysis of the Structure of Narrative time in the book My Story started from the linguistic origin of the word (time), the idiomatic conceptualization of the word, and finally the functional role of the term in building any narrative text by describing time as one of the narrative elements that make up the construction of any narrative story.

The issue of securing Britain's security in the Middle East after WWII had a great importance in British Politics. Britain was exhausted from the war despite its victory, therefore it had to look for an alternative to help secure its defenses in the Middle East and found Turkey as their best choice. Turkey was eager to play the guardian role of British interest in the region to secure its political and economic interests, gain as much as they can of military assistance from Britain and allies and to protect themselves from the Soviet danger. Due to the importance of the issue, the study focuses on Turkey’s role in securing British strategy in the Middle East for the period from the signing the Turkish-Pakistani agreement on April 4th, 1954 to the singing of the Turkish-British agreement on April 4th, 1955, as well as the impact of the British-Turkish policy in the Middle East and their alliance.
The Study discussed the importance of Turkey’s role in British security in the Middle East and Britain's stand of the Turkish-Pakistani agreement. It also discussed (Baghdad Pact) the cooperation between Iraq and Turkey, Turkey’s role in drafting the pact, Britain's gains from it and its role in rebuilding Britain's defenses according to the Iraqi-British agreement on April 4th, 1955.
The study has several conclusions; Britain had achieved what it is called Defense by Proxy to secure its strategy in the Middle East and protect its political and economic interests by using Turkey as a tool. Additionally, Britain succeeded in directing Turkey's policy with what suits its Defense Policy in the Middle East. Turkey also fulfilled its goal of proving its trustworthiness to great powers such as Britain and the United States, as well as securing the northern front from the Soviet Union and securing the flow of military assistant.

This study falls within the perspective of the evolution of classical education in Iran, and associated with the issue of composition and evolution of the educational system of Iran. The objectives of this study are to draw attention to the fundamental component of the educational field and for a few extra factions within the institution in Iran. The study proposes that we cannot understand this field and the positions and roles of potential and ongoing conflicts and the challenges (including forms that Itemizer by all the actors) without a correct diagnosis of the status of Koranic schools within the field of education. In addition, some of the important stakes in this field, and more broadly those associated with the issue of culture in Iran, cannot be understood if we do not try to know this kind of education. Then the study focuses on two main points:

1 - Formative frameworks of the education system in the ancient Iranian state, as we shall show how it came about this system.
2 - Regulatory frameworks, and educational for the education system of old, and rather programmed to carry them through their formative education.

Alwarrakoon and the art, profession or craft of alwerakah are important and exciting elements for every researcher to delve into research and follow up on its scientific and intellectual impact; This is because it is closely related to writing, reading, blogging and research, which are the basis of the work of any researcher or student, and from here came this study or research, which consists of two sections, each of which has three demands, through which the researcher followed the impact of That profession, then he went on to discuss the factors of the emergence of Alwerakah as an independent profession and the contribution of some of its pioneers and the use of Alwerakah in important matters in the history of Islamic civilization, such as writing the Qur’an and transcribing hadiths, and then the beginning of the blogging movement in Arab Islamic history, and its development in the Rashidun, Umayyad and then Abbasid eras, which witnessed a major support for Alwerakah , which is the establishment of the city of Baghdad and then the House of Wisdom, to begin what the researcher calls the golden age of Alwerakah scientifically, intellectually and professionally. The intellectual that was raised by Alwerakah at that time, is the main reason of what we have today as a sources, books and encyclopedias which taught us in a various sciences and knowledge. In general, this research follows Alwerakah and the results that affected it, from its beginning until golden age of the Abbasid era.

The civilizations of the ancient East have been known since the dawn of history plant aromatic scents, and they are the main source of all kinds of perfumes, including smoky, oily, fatty, resinous and watery, and its products include incense, musk, frankincense, myrrh, fragrant flowers, jasmine roses, and other first historical aromatic scents. Their importance continued throughout the history of civilizations humanity. Economic, social and cultural aspects of the civilizations of the ancient East, including Islamic civilization. Islamic civilization was considered one of the most important eras in forming the essence of the history of perfumes. The present research is divided into three sections and a conclusion in addition to a brief introduction to explain the term perfume as the first research explains perfumes in the civilizations of the ancient world in the East and dealing with perfume material from the religious aspect and its rituals. In addition, the topic of aromatic substances and perfumes for the purposes of adornment and beauty as in the ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, and the desire to control the nerves of economic life from the land and sea trade routes and areas that have been known since time immemorial for the precious aromatic riches that do not find another source for them, and the prosperity of the perfume trade markets and how the contribution of materials in controlling the movement of trade and the markets that existed as internal and external trade exchanges. The present study, among many other significant issues, proves the Islamic civilization’s interest in agriculture, including aromatic plants and flowers, the importance of perfume in Islamic civilization. And that it is one of the inherited elements as it became clear to some of the periods of Islamic history, and in this case the Abbasid caliphate. The study also will elaborate a numerous of literature in the field of perfume and its various types and usages.

The Old City of Damascus is distinguished by its many souks, ancient neighborhoods, mosques, churches, khans, and cobbled streets. Although the state has implemented many projects to preserve the cultural heritage in Old Damascus, no study has been conducted to assess the extent to which these projects comply with the directives of cultural heritage charters and standards. Therefore, this research came as a master's thesis to discuss some urban heritage preservation projects in the old city of Damascus and evaluate them from the perspective of international charters and standards, to know the problems resulting from the methods and methodologies used in the preservation process, and to provide an information database on evaluating the conservation methods used in Old Damascus. A group of projects was selected, like, Ancient Damascus without Cars, Medhat Pasha Market restoration, Beit Nizam (Nizam House), Beit Kuwatli, and Beit Sibai, after evaluation according to the criteria, the study reached several results, the most important of which is the need to preserve the relationship between Old Damascus within the walls and its surroundings. The research recommends the necessity of linking the directorates responsible for Old Damascus and developing a comprehensive and integrated revival plan based on international standards.

The aim of the present study is to identify the level of selfie- liking among students of Baghdad University and recognize the differences between males and females, and the correlation between selfie- liking and the personality traits. A random sample of (135) University students has been selected (64males and 61 females), selfie- liking (6 items) and narcissism (8items) scales responding according to 5-Likert scale ranging from (strongly agree- strongly disagree). And Loneliness (6 items), and attention- seeking(4items), and self-centered behavior(5items) scales responding according to 5- Likert scale ranging from (always- never). The results showed that the level of selfie- liking is high among the research sample, and that there are significant differences in selfie- liking, due to the gender, with high level for females., and that there is high correlation between the two variables. After conducting a regression analysis, it was found that the narcissistic personality trait and self-centered behavior made the greatest contribution to the selfie- liking among Baghdad University students.

Urban planning has an important role in determining the patterns of spatial relations of activities in general and the pattern of spatial concentration of schools in Al-Jadeedat district in particular. It also identifies the reasons for the spatial distribution of schools. Accordingly, the main research question is about the degree of spatial balance of urban land used for the education sector in Al-Jadeedat district and the relationship of balance to population density. The research aims to show the characteristics of spatial distribution as well as the employment of modern technology represented by GIS in analyzing the efficiency of educational services and their role in making proper planning decisions. The research sheds light on measuring functional efficiency, which showed that the study area suffers from a clear defect in spatial efficiency. Educational services were characterized by their centralization and away from randomness in a way that contradicts the gradient in population densities in the four areas of the study area. There is a severe shortage in the number of kindergartens; there are three only in the city. While primary schools covered approximately (82.04%) of the area, secondary schools covered approximately (96.44 %) of the needs in Al-Jadeedat district. The analysis of the distribution of primary and secondary schools showed a convergent pattern that is close to randomness.

This research deals with renewable energy in general and wind energy in particular, and its importance in producing cheap and clean electric energy for the environment and the possibility of investing it to produce energy, which provides the residents of Anah district and other neighboring districts another source of energy other than energy derived from Haditha Dam, especially the large distances between districts in Anbar Governorate and the small amount of energy received from remote districts. The study begins with the discussing the problem, proposing a hypothesis, revealing the study objectives and research building a relationship between energy and sustainable development, in addition to researching the possibilities of eliminating it from wind energy to produce energy, in order to be a model for the rest of the districts of Anbar Governorate and Iraq. The lack of electrical power in Anah district, despite its proximity to the Haditha Dam, which supplies most of the western regions of Iraq and Anbar Governorate. The wind in Anah district enjoys sufficient speed to generate electric power from the wind, as the average wind speed recorded in Anah station exceeds the permissible limit of wind speed to generate electric power, which is (303 m/s and above), taking into account the prevailing wind direction and that the prevailing wind direction It is the west wind

It is difficult to study the tourism activity of any region without studying the natural and human components, which in turn constitute a prerequisite for establishing tourism activity and investing tourism in any area in the natural environment that was and still is one of the most important elements of tourist attractions. It plays an important role in economic and social development, but tourism has a direct impact on the environment, which is represented in the increase in the proportion of waste, especially in rural, natural and religious areas. Tourist countries have varied landmarks and tourist.
It is difficult to study the tourism activity of any region without studying the natural and human components, which in turn constitute a prerequisite for establishing tourism activity and investing tourism in any area in the natural environment that was and still is one of the most important elements of tourist attractions. It plays an important role in economic and social development, but tourism has a direct impact on the environment, which is represented in the increase in the proportion of waste.

1. Study subject:
This research presents a statistical analysis of the satisfaction level of female students at King Saud University in Riyadh about using the university transportation. This study subject can be used to design and develop a smart system of university transportation for female students and providing practical solutions applying intelligent transportation technologies and Network Analysis.
2. Objectives of the study:
This study seeks to employ the outputs of statistical analysis of random questionnaire dataset consisting of (162 ) students distributed over )14) municipalities in Riyadh and )17) colleges at King Saud University in order to improving the quality of university transportation systems using GIS in spatial analysis. The spatial analysis objectives aim to determine the best ways to serve female students in moving easily from domicile to the King university and vice-versa. The statistical analysis of the level of female students' satisfaction is important in enhancing the efficiency of university transportation in order ensure the sustainability and the preservation of university resources.
3. Study methodology:
The methodology of this study depends on several sequential and interrelated steps, starting with unloading the questionnaire datasets. In the second step, the distribution pattern of the datasets was tested by applying the tests of normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) to the sample size less than (30) observations, and the (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) to the sample size more than )30) observations. Also (Cronbach's Alpha coefficient) was applied to testing the internal consistency of the questionnaire contents.
4. Study datasets:
This study relied on the questionnaire outputs, which included (74) paragraphs distributed over 10 axes determined by applying the Likert scale.
5. Results:
This study reached to determine the distribution pattern of the questionnaire datasets conform to the normal distribution at the significance level of (0.05) and the degrees of freedom of (16) and (162), respectively. The internal consistency of the questionnaire's contents and was also determined by (the Cronbach’s alpha) coefficient of used (Likert scale). In addition, the general satisfaction about the quality of the university transport service and the factors that help improve its quality with the decisions and recent infrastructure projects of Riyadh city, were identified.
6. Conclusion:
This study concluded with many results using the various statistical tests available in the Analyze tools of the descriptive statistics of the (SPSS23) software.

Iraqi society has gone through great and tremendous developments in political and party work, especially after 2003, when the political arena witnessed the presence of more than three hundred political parties competing among themselves in most parts of the Iraqi state, and that this large number of parties did not present their obligations towards the people especially since most of them had their electoral programs filled with promises and achievements, of which nothing was actually achieved except rarely. And this reality has produced great popular anger, especially in the current stage, which witnessed the growth of the spirit and patriotic sense among the youth of the necessity of the uprising against these politicians and changing them because they failed to achieve the people’s ambition. This feeling resulted in the Great October Demonstration, which coincided on October 25. 2019, which pervaded the entire cities of Iraq especially in Al-Tahrir Square, where all segments of society were present, expressing their categorical rejection of the presence of political parties and the need to change them, declaring a set of goals. The most important of which are amending the constitution, providing services, changing the government, exposing the corrupt and restoring the prestige of the state. This situation continued for a long time and with great momentum and strength until this demonstration, led by the rebellious youth, succeeded in achieving part of its demands to change the government and announce early elections. The study seeks to achieve a set of goals. The most important of which are to reveal the nature and reality of the October Demonstration and its reflection in Iraqi society and to identify the most important negatives and positives in the arenas of demonstrations and to identify the most important problems faced by the youth of the October Demonstration, especially in the demonstration squares and the disclosure of the basic demands of the popular protests against the government, and the importance of the study revolves around two aspects: the first of which is theoretical, which focuses on the concepts of study and literature, anthropology and social studies, which have taken care of the situation. The second is the field aspect in which the study seeks to apply anthropological approaches and tools such as interviews and observation by participation in order to reach accurate scientific results that serve scientific research.

This scientific paper studies sexual abuse against children in the UAE community, as it highlights the current state of the victim in terms of mental, social and educational aspects, in addition to the continuity of receiving psychological and social care and how stable the victims' situation is. The study also focuses on the victims' reflection and contemplation of the past in terms of the person who’s blamed for the incident, how sufficient were their actions following the incident, and if time goes back what could’ve been done differently, and any advice given to others on this matter. The study sample consisted of 28 victims from child protection centers in Dubai and Sharjah. Results show that the effects of sexual assault vary within victims in terms of psychological, social and educational aspects. In addition to the varying opinions of the victims and their families, and their reflection on the sexual assault.

The aim of this study was to identify cultural diversity and its impact on societal security from the perspective of young Emirates youth and to recognize the economic, social, cultural, and security effects of cultural diversity. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was administered as a research instrument to collate data from members of the study sample consisting of 380 Emirates youth males and females, who were selected among the study population following the non-probability purposive sampling technique from members of the study population. The study concludes that from the perspective of Emirates youth, cultural diversity has serious adverse economic effects on the Emirati community and average social, cultural, and security effects. Further, the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender in the Emirates youth’ tendencies towards the impact of cultural diversity on community security. Based on the results, the research recommended that action be taken to raise the awareness of young Emirates youth on the value and importance of diversity and multiculturalism as a power factor and added value when properly harnessed and improved, and it encouraged the involvement in various employment sectors for effective economic contribution.

The current study aims to identify the criteria for marital choice among Omani youth, and its impact on achieving marital concordance of newly married Omani youth who have been married for one to five years and whose ages range from 18 to 35 years. The study relies on the analytical descriptive approach using quantitative and qualitative analysis, of a simple random sample (probability).It uses a questionnaire that contains a scale of marital choice and a scale of marital concordance, applied to (310) respondents, and the interview that was applied to (21) ) respondents. The results showes that religious criteria are the most important criteria adopted by the sample in marital choice. In addition, male couples give social criteria, aesthetic criteria and material family culture in not exaggerating the dowries and marriage costs more attention than females. While the results also shows differences statistically significant in "monthly income criterion" for marital choice in favor of females. The study also reveals that (61.3%) made their choice by parents and relatives. In addition, the results of the study comes to prove that the higher level of awareness of marital choice criteria, the higher level of concordance: among spouses. The study comes out with some recommendations, adopting a long-term plan with integrated efforts and the solidarity of all disciplines in creating awareness among the Omani youth about marital choice. The study also recommends taking advantage of the exceptional circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic, to be a successful practical experience to facilitate marriage.

The scandal of oil coupons distributed by the former regime in Iraq to a number of politicians, diplomats, journalists, writers and artists, whose value is estimated at millions of dollars, was a great transgression against the rights of the Iraqi people who did not find bread during the years of the blockade and this scandal did not appear until after the fall of system, and the success of a number of journalists in revealing its files. Al-Mada newspaper had a great role in publishing documents through a campaign that is considered the most prominent in the contemporary history of Iraq, and even at the level of the Arab press, as it provoked local, Arab and international responses and repercussions. Hence our choice of the press campaign carried out by Al-Madda as a successful model that was able to emphasize the importance of the Fourth Authority in exercising oversight, achieving justice and returning the looted funds. We have adopted an integrative methodology represented by the descriptive approach, and the content analysis was present in clarifying the campaign's methods, forms, arts and media logic on which it relied in achieving the persuasive goal of its journalistic discourse. The results came to clearly show that such a campaign, if it was repeated in the Iraqi press, would be a decisive factor in the fight against rampant corruption.

The research addresses the issue of the aesthetics of the visual structure in the Iranian drama. Filmmakers consider it a resort that enables them to build an image which makes it easy to understand the philosophical and aesthetic variables that convey meanings, connotations and metaphors of the film’s concept to the audience. It seeks to change the external through the use of the elements of the visual structure and the movement of the camera; light, color, the expressiveness of the montage, and the use of visual effects. The film structure and its elements increases the attraction of the audience to interact with the context of the dramatic work.

This study aimed to identify the reality of e-learning in general, and especially in Iraqi universities, and its impact on the quality of higher education. It concentrates on the point of view of the faculty members as the main supporter of the educational process and those who maintain its sobriety. A questionnaire is prepared for them and distributed randomly to the selected sample. In addition to recording notes about it, the current research is limited to a sample of (313) professors of Iraqi universities in the province of Baghdad (University of Baghdad, and Al-Mustansiriya University). The researcher adopted the survey method, one of the types of descriptive analysis method as a design for the research, and the research community consisted of university professors within the borders of the geographical area of the province of Baghdad, and the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya were chosen to represent the sample of the current study. Teaching, and general evidence for teachers about e-learning, the pros and cons of e-learning, in addition to the obstacles of e-learning. The questionnaire’s paragraphs were statistically analyzed, and the questionnaire procedures took nearly two months, and the researcher analyzed the results he reached using the t-test, to verify the hypothesis Research and to calculate the significance of the differences between the averages to identify the effectiveness of e-learning and its impact on the quality of higher education in Iraqi universities, and found a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05), it appeared that the role of e-learning is one of the reasons for the low quality of education in Iraqi universities, by comparing Between the arithmetic average and the hypothetical average, where the role of e-learning is negatively reflected on the reality of the quality of higher education because it does not require that attention And thinking may sometimes be a unilateral connection, in light of the results of the research, the researcher concluded that e-learning in Iraq is in dire need of elements and effort in order to contribute to improving the reality of higher education in Iraqi universities, due to the weak infrastructure that prevents leaving the old ways of education.