Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Cancer is a serious public health problem, and one of the main causes of cervical cancer in women is the infection with high/risk Human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomaviruses are DNA viruses that have specific tropism for squamous epithelia. More than 120 different HPV types have been isolated to date; of these Low-risk HPV types, such as HPV6 and HPV11, induce benign hyperproliferations of the epithelium such as papilloma or warts. By contrast, high-risk oncogenic types (HPV16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, - 52, - 56, - 58, - 59, - 66) are defined to have strong epidemiologic association with cervical cancer. Multiplex-PCR analysis was used for the detection and genotyping of high/risk HPV DNA in the cytological samples of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.
The results show that the proportion of High/risk HPV genotypes in cervical smears of patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia was 59%. In details, the genotypes were: HPV16 (15.3%), HPV18 (15.3%), HPV33 (7.7%), HPV31 (7.7%), HPV35 (30.7%), HPV56 (7.7%), HPV45 (7.7%), HPV58 (7.7%) and HPV52 (7.7%). In the other hand, none of the DNA isolated from 10 healthy group showed high/risk HPV amplicons.

Appendicitis is the most common surgical condition in all hospitals of the world, so it represents a terrible problem for the community because there was no accurate diagnosis for it, surgery might lead to many complications and the diagnostic methods for appendicitis were significantly not changed over in the past few decades ; therefore, the aims of our study were to identify different cytokine level ( IL-17, INF-γ ,IL-8, and CA-125) in serum of patient with suspected appendicitis as predictor for its diagnosis.
The prospective case control study was carried out in Teaching Al-Sadder Hospital in Al- Najaf Government \Iraq, between December, 2018 to April, 2019. A total of (58)samples were enrolled in the study,40 from patients who were admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of appendicitis )group Ι( &18 samples collected from apparently healthy control (AHC))group ΙΙ(who were identical to Patients group in (age, gender ,habital,…etc) but not suffered from any symptom of appendicitis
Our result confirmed that all immune markers were significant at (P≤0.05) between the serum of group Ι and ΙΙ for IL-17 test (median 210.1pg/ml &52.43pg/ml) respectively (P=0.004)when the cut of value(138.11 pg/ml) , INF-γ test(median36.9&21.04pg/ml)respectively(P=0.01)when the cut of value(46.53pg/ml),for IL-8 test (median 174pg/ml & 31.33pg/ml) respectively (P=0.0116) when the cut of value(81.74pg/ml) , and for CA-125 test (median 10.91u/ml & 6.57 u/ml) respectively (P=0.012) when the cut of value (11.31u/ml).
Our conclusion that the serum concentration of IL-17,IFN-γ, IL-8,and (CA-125)can be used as a predicator for the diagnosis of appendicitis, also The histopathological examination of all appendix specimens showed inflammation in all layers of the tissues characterized by dilatation of blood vessels with sharply increasing in the thickness of walls and its engorged with RBCs, infiltration of the inflammatory cells mainly neutrophils, and reactive hyperplasia.

Our study which conducted from 1/9/ 2019-1/9/2020, was including examination of 150 female bird(75-local chickens,75-domestic pigeon), the results were showed the total percentage of infestation 60%(90/150),in local chicken was65.333 % (49/75) while in pigeon was54.666%(41/75), also was diagnosed: Dermacentor variabilis and Argus persicus in ratios(25.333%)(19/75),(40%)(30/75) respectively in local chickens, 44%(33/75),10.666 %(8/75) respectively in pigeon, also noticed that was a significant decrease in the concentration of Hemoglobin, the blood packed cells volume, red blood cells, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, while there was increase in number white blood cells in tick-infected avian compared with Non-infected(control group), while the data of biochemical parameters of the serum, showed there were increased levels of total protein and albumin ,while decreased levels of globulin, glucose as well as cholesterol in infected avian.

This review aimed to survey diatom composition in Iraqi waters. The facts were taken from surveys of phytoplankton in Iraq, covering freshwater and saline waters in diverse cities. A total of 454 taxa of the diatom group belonging to Bacillophycaea class have been verified in the review. These taxa varied among 107 genera. The genus Nitzschia had a higher number of taxa followed via Navicula, Cymbella, Fragilaria, and Gomphonema, respectively. This study proposes to present a checklist of diatom composition in Iraq, built on the compilation of preceding investigations.

Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease in the tropics caused by a soil saprophyte, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The disease is characterized by its protean clinical manifestations and high case fatality rates. Increase in the number of reported cases from various parts of India over the past one decade, underscore the possibility of endemicity and under-diagnosis of the disease in the sub-continent.