Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology(MJET)

Simulation is used to view or evaluate processes that are costly, difficult to perform or time consuming, or simply for educational and display purposes. In photogrammetry, airborne line scanner imagery differs from normal perspective photography in geometric properties. This work introduces the development of a program used for airborne line scanner image simulation. Two products have been discussed, raster image data and ground coverage.

This paper presents a method considering the effect of fiber geometry and volume fraction for predicting the tensile strength, shear stress and Von Mises stress. The finite element scheme for the micromechanical modeling of the behavior of fiber reinforced polymeric composites under external load is developed. The model is used to estimate the stress distribution throughout the composite domain and to identify the location where maximum stresses occur. The ratio between fiber modulus and matrix modulus must be high enough to improve the mechanical properties and to reduce the premature interfacial failure. The prediction of the stress distribution by using a simulation tool could be helpful for more understanding the real reasons behind failure of polymer composites.

Anthocynin pigment is one of natural pigments material. Pigments are present in each one of the organisms in the world, and plants are the principal producers. They are in leaves, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In this study the effect of anthocyanin pigment on protection of natural rubber from UV radiation and effect of pigment on some mechanical and physical behaviour of natural rubber was assessed. Anthocyanin pigment was prepared from chards by filtration method. It was added to NR from (5pphr) to (25 pphr). The samples with anthocyanin and without were exposed to UV for a various periods and then some mechanical and physical tests were carried out for the prepared specimens. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness and specific weight decreased with increasing of anthocyanin. Elongation increased with increasing of anthocyanin pigment. When samples exposed to UV, the results showed a broad enhancement in the mechanical properties for all samples contained anthocyanin. This research was used a natural and cheap material available largely in plants to protect of polymers from degradation and to improve their properties instead of synthetics pigments that they are harmful and expensive.

Concrete is a relatively durable building Materials, it may be failed or damaged due to the effect of some properties of soil components, such as salt, sulfate and underground water, especially when the concrete used in construction of the underground structures. Sulfate and salt (which are dissolved in water) try to penetrate through the concrete and attack it. The attack effects will be on the strength characters of concrete and rebar reinforcements.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of soil components on strength of concrete (for 28 day age) when the concrete is buried in the soil. For achieving this aim of the work, the compressive strength of concrete specimens was tested before and after burying in the ground for the same concrete mix design. The specimens were grouped to be tested under the condition of different periods of burying in the soil for 5 months starting from the casting date. In addition to that, it was investigated the effect of saline degree on the compressive strength of the embedded concrete in the soil. The results of the tested specimens were compared with the reference specimens, i.e. those which had been tested without burying in the soil. The area in which the specimens were buried divided into three zones according to the degree of salinity, this area is in Samawa City (270 km south-west of Baghdad). It was found that the compressive strength of concrete specimens exposed to Sulphate attack in zone A for a period of 79 and 102 decreases from 25.7 MPa to 22.25 MPa, while the others in zones B and C showed a decrease in compressive strength from 25.7 MPa to 17.5 and 18 MPa respectively.

In this work thermal loading is introduced to the J-Integral calculation using FEM. Study the effect of thermal loadings include temperature difference, convection heat transfer coefficient, temperature of fluid, and thermal conductivity on stresses values and J-integral. Three Programs have been developed, first program is to evaluate temperature distributions in (conduction, convection), while the second program is to compute thermal loading stresses and another loading conditions, third program is to evaluate the J-Integral of opening mode (Mode I) under effect of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is introduced. So the comparison of the result depends on the validation of the programs developed and the extrapolation methods.

This paper studied the effect of operating parameters on the efficiency of a small scale reverse osmosis with cellulose acetate (CA) membrane type has been studied. different samples were selected from several wells from different spots from Baghdad city. It was found that the highest system’s efficiency can be attained at 36 oC temperature, 250 pressure, pH=3 and 2000 ppm salinity. Also it has been found that the reflux ratio is proportional to the pressure and temperature of feed water, and this ratio is inversely proportional with the pH and salinity of feed water. Four samples with different salinity values were selected from wells in south of Iraq.

In this work a simulation of single phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF) to minimize source current distortion is produced by feeding a nonlinear loads. The simulation results for single phase shunt APF with conventional PI controller and fuzzy PI controller were carried out. These two controller forced the single phase shunt APF to inject equal but opposite current in order to shape the source current to a sinusoidal form in phase with supply voltage. Conventional PI controller meets the required performance for ideal APF, but with unbalance load; this controller is failed to do same job hence the gain values of PI controller are set for a certain load condition. This situation lead to search with fuzzy controller in which the proportional and integral gains adjust dynamically as load condition change. The obtained simulation results for the fuzzy controller show good steady state and transient performance for the plant.