NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

This study is aimed at exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAPs) concerning chicken coccidiosis and to examine the usage of anticoccidials among poultry farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Information accessing the KAPs of chicken coccidiosis and its control was collected from one hundred and twenty-three poultry farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. More number of farmers (121/123; 98.37%) had knowledge about chicken coccidiosis, with 16.26% of them documenting that it is caused by a protozoan. Higher number of the farmers believed chicken coccidiosis is economically important, preventable and treatable. More number of farmers (n = 106, 86.18%) had previously used anticoccidials in their farm compared to those that had not 17 (13.82%). The thiamine analogue alone of anticoccidial was the most used drug (n = 27, 25.47%; 95% CI = 18.14 – 34.52) used by farmers. The frequency of anticoccidial drug usage by farmers decreased as the number of drugs being used increased. Data from this study will assist the government and other relevant stakeholders in identifying areas where farmers in Kwara State need to improve their knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning chicken coccidiosis for more effective disease management and improved productivity.

The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp, Eimeria sp., Entamoeba spp.and Giardia sp. A total of 200 pieces of five different species of fresh fish were sampled. The study was conducted from August 2023 -February 2024. Microscopic examination was done by stomach and intestine direct smears stained Lugal iodine and floatation technique. Results showed that fish were infected with Cryptosporidium sp. 26.5%, Eimeria spp. 26.5%, Entamoeba spp. 1 % and Giardia sp. 3.5% . with no significant differences between them. As for months of the study, there were no significant infection rates where the rates ranged between 34.28% and 14.28% at p ? 0.05. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium oocysts were spheroidal to ovoidal , 4.6 - 5.5 X 3.8 - 4.7µm while Eimeria oocysts were spherical to ovoid, 12-19 µm. The cysts of Entamoeba were spherical, 10 to 18 µm. while Giardia cysts were oval with four nuclei, 8-12 ?m in size. Intestinal protozoa recorded in fish species in the current study may be due to age factor and water contamination.

This review emphasizes the significance of fenugreek and its extensive applications in the poultry industry. This information is obtained by providing an explanation of the plant's description, classification, chemical composition, and active elements. Furthermore, it highlights the plant's extensive therapeutic applications, such as its effectiveness as an anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent. Additionally, the report examines contemporary methods of injecting eggs with fenugreek extract and analyzes the effects of this practice on the productivity, health, and physiological state of poultry. The promising role of fenugreek in improving poultry health and productivity sheds light on its importance for the poultry industry.

This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station/Rotary for the period (2009-2014). Data was collected from 1375 individual records of Awassi ewes and 1518 births to determine the effect of maternal age, first parity type, and sex on parity type, sex, and birth weight for older ewes. Dams of female lambs were selected to calculate the heritability and genetic correlation between birth weight and weaning weight. Results showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) between ewe ages in parity type, with single and twin births at 1.5 years of age exceeding other ages by 51.58% and 12.25%, respectively, and decreasing with advancing age. Single births significantly exceeded (P < 0.01) twin births at all ages. For lamb sex, the proportion of male and female births at 1.5 years of age was significantly higher (P < 0.01) at 33.33% and 30.50%, respectively, and decreased to 0.60% and 0.66% with advancing age. The proportion of female births increased after 3.5 years of age at the expense of male births. Results showed a high heritability for birth weight of ewes born in 2009 and born in other years, and a decrease in heritability for the same ewes and the same period for weaning weight. Genetic correlations were very high, while this situation was reversed for ewes born in 2010 and 2011, as well as for weaning weight.

This research was carried out in the fish laboratory of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul. 147 common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were used with an average initial weight of 27.60 ± 2 gm/fish, distributed over seven experimental treatments, with three replicates for each treatment. The fish were acclimatized before the experiment for twenty-one days to the aquarium environment and food intake. Two types of organic chromium were added, namely chromium picolinate, at an amount of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg feed (T2, T3, and T4), and 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg feed of chromium nicotinate (T5, T6, and T7), besides the control diet without additives (T1), which was balanced in terms of crude protein and metabolic energy. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the fish fed the experimental diets T3 and T7 were significantly superior (P? 0.05) in terms of hemoglobin and PCV to the rest of the experimental diets, including the control diet. Fish fed the T6 diet recorded a significant superiority over the rest of the other experimental treatments in the total blood protein and globulin standards, while no significant differences were observed between the different experimental treatments with the exception of the control diet, which was significantly behind the rest of the treatments in the albumin standard. Fish fed the control diet outperformed the parameters of blood sugar, triglycerides, AST, and ALT significantly more than the rest of the experimental treatments. It turns out that adding both types of organic chromium (organic chromium picolinate and nicotinate) at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg feed gave the best results in most of the criteria studied.

The use of chemicals to break down and reduce aflatoxin, including ozone gas, is the most efficient and effective in breaking down aflatoxin, followed by ultraviolet radiation, an effective physical method means of breaking down and reducing mycotoxins. Our study aims to find a way to reduce mycotoxins in some types of rice using ultraviolet radiation (U.V) and ozone gas ( O3) . The results showed that when all types of rice (white, kulbahar, amber) were exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 60 minutes, the reduction percentage of (25.00, 12.45, 11.76)%, respectively. When exposed to ozone gas for 10 minutes, the results showed the highest percentage of reduction in aflatoxin concentration (27.50, 26.01, 34.64)%, respectively.

Mycotoxins or fungal toxins are secondary metabolism comounds of filamentous fungi that are released at the end of the growth phase of particular species of Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. They are generated in hot and humid conditions. These toxins are included the most usual groups of food pollutants. Of the 400 kinds of mycotoxins identified, about 20 of them are considered a global threat to human being and animal health. Because these toxins can modify the food chain in different stages of planting, collecting, packing and processing. Zearalenone is a kind of mycotoxin created by the fungi Fusarium genus. They are found more in grains for instance corn, barley, wheat, oats and sorghum and have estrogenic effects on different organisms. Zeralenone is quickly absorbed and by binding to estrogen receptors, it disrupts the quantity of reproductive hormones. In this article, we review information on zearalenone generated by certain Fusarium species.

Thelaziosis and Filariasis are zoonotic diseases were caused by nematodes of genus Thelazia, and Felaria respectively which occur in many countries of the world , and transmitted to human by insects . The current review aimed to investigate the most important previous studies about Thelaziosis and Filariasis in Iraq. A total of 5 Thelazia and 24 for Filariasis abstractsandfull-textarticles ofreferencesforseveralwebsitescollectedaboutinfectionsrates.Tableswerecreatedthatincludedgeneralinformationofspeciestheparasitesunder the study in Iraq. It was concluded that there is a scarcity of research on these diseases , especially modern research. Only three species of the Thelazia were T.bosc, T. lacrymalis and T.gulosa and five species of filariasis were Dirofilaria immitis, D.repens, Setraria equine, Onchocerca gutturosa, O.linealis in addition to microfilaria in different location of the body

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the chitosan (ch) and nisin (Ni) composite films on chicken breast meat's microbial content during storage at four °C for 28 days. The results indicated that adding nisin to chitosan increased the inhibitory diameter of Gram-negative and positive bacteria compared to chitosan and nisin alone. Microbial tests of chicken breasts included estimating the total number of all aerobic bacteria, proteolytic Bacterial Count and lipolytic Bacterial Count, the composite films of chitosan -nisin performed better than those of chitosan alone and on the control samples because they revealed a drop in all bacteria during the preservation periods. The addition of nisin to the chitosan casings increased the water vapour (vapor) permeability.

This study aimed to extract apple juice from green apple fruits that had been treated by blanching. The usual thermal process, before storing the extracted juice at a temperature of (4)?, for a period of (30) days, and comparing it with the juice of untreated fruits in order to determine the effect of inhibiting the enzyme polyphenol oxidase in apple fruits with the treatments which mentioned in some properties of PPO (Polyphenol oxidase). Apple juice which extracted from these fruits, and the characteristics studied are: Residual Enzymatic Activity, Total Soluble Sugars, Ascorbic Acid content, Total Phenols Content, and Browning Index, as blanching the fruits in the usual way had a significant effect in reducing the remaining Activity Enzymatic and Ascorbic Acid values ??of the juice of the treated fruits, While the Total Soluble Sugars and Total Phenols content had a significant increase in their values ??after the end of the storage period, as for the Browning Index values . It was not affected at the end of the storage.process