Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

The goals of this research paper are: 1 ) to examine the various sources of
knowledge available to Al- Russafi of Valencia which found expression in his poetry;2) to gauge the extent to which these sources were utilized artisitically; 3) to outline Al-Russafi\'s literary erudition and his connections with Arabic culture.The paper will start with an examination of the religious canon he drew on such as the holy Quran, hadith collections, and other sources of religious lexica. After that, it will move on to examine issues of intertextudality ( both in terms of content and from). Finally, the paper will talk about the poet\'s knowledge of history and geography (as evidenced by his condensed references to historical personages and geographical locales)

The topic of morphological transformation has garnered wide attention in the works of Arabic scholars, who have expressed it through various terms. These include: alternation, substitution, transformation, metaphor, deviation, shift, departure, deviation, manipulation, transfer, expansion, courage, transition, turning, and displacement, among others. The prevalence of these terms varies depending on the scholars, the diversity of their works, and the differences in their disciplines. Among rhetoricians, three terms have become most prominent: metaphor, shift, and displacement, while among linguists, the terms commonly used include substitution, alternation, departure, expansion, transformation, manipulation, deviation, transition, and others.

This passage provides a summary of the diverse terminological approaches used by Arabic scholars to describe the concept of morphological transformation, reflecting the breadth of the subject and the differences in emphasis based on the academic focus, whether linguistic, rhetorical, or related to other branches of Arabic studies.

This research defines Collocation in language and linguistics
then suggests a general definition for it. It defines some main
textual concepts and explains most important concepts of
collocation in textual studies and their tools

After a descriptive analysis and scrutiny in what Al-Mubarrid has said and as comparing it with what Sibawayh said, we found that Sibawayh had preceded Al-Mubarrid in what he said about the present of the indefinite source; although, they differ in its measuring. Therefore, Sibawayh’s saying about the present is considered as absolute while Al-Mubarrid has considered it as one of its memberships, i.e. the difference in the measuring of its present and it is not. Accordingly, if the difference between Sibawayh’s and Al-Mubarrid’s sayings within the source and actuality based on what preceded, it couldn’t be called a difference. Consequently, Sibawayh indicated not to measure with source while Alumbarrid indicated to measure if it was a member of the source

The present study aims at investigating the linguistic features of
headlines . It is an attempt to shed light on the morphology , semantics and
syntax of headlines and to find out the differences between the language of headlines and the ordinary language . Headlines represent the most important part of news since they summarize the whole article or news story and they are the vital element through which the reader decides whether to read or leave the article . Due to pressure on page , the study postulates that the language of headlines deviates much from the ordinary language in terms of vocabulary and structure .There are some typical features in newspaper headlines that aim at getting the attention of readers .These features like the choice of words and grammatical structure are manipulated by headline writers to achieve impact
and influence the readers to go on reading the report

Literature is a revolution in the sense that it motivates people to
think, see and then speak. That is the aim of literature which is to
stimulate people to revolt against what is corrupted and wrong in
society. LeRoi Jones ( Imamu Amiri Barka ) (1934) is one of black
writers who employs his literary talent to defend his nationality.
Throughout his works, he tries to show the racial discrimination
towards black people in a society which values white ethics as
superior over black inferiority.

The present study is devoted to deal with the two types of meaning: the literal meaning and the non-literal meaning. The literal meaning is the conventional meaning or the dictionary meaning of words and sentences independent from context(Recanati,2004: 79-80) . Concerning
the contextual meaning or the non-literal meaning, it refers to the type of meaning that doesn't deal
with the dictionary meaning, it accounts for the contextual factors which may be physical,
linguistic or social. The interpretation of the sentence regardless of the context causes so many problems in conveying the exact intended speaker's meaning. The aim of this paper is to study the difference between the literal and non-literal meaning, How some words and sentences can be interpreted literally and others are interpreted in terms of context. As a result, there are some sentences that can be interpreted literally independent from context. Other sentences require a departure from its literal meaning.

The critical theory and its practice have often been regarded as a difficult
areas in the field of literature for many scholars and researchers. This paper attempts to explain some reasons behind such attitude. It also attempts to explain the nature and meaning of the theory, its tasks, its basic tenets and its application in literature.Moreover, English literature syllabuses urge students to show a personal
response, critical sense and independent judgment through understanding of a
text. Nevertheless, some have the sense of fear of that under the pressure of
replication the received words or analysis of their teachers.
The aim of this paper is also to clear doubts of difficulty of the theory and
its application in literature to be easily approached. Moreover, it may create interest for some scholars and readers for further readings in the same field.

There is no doubt with the words may converge in the sense, or may share the word in more than one meaning and that makes us go beyond this problem in the study of semantic fields as Amdna to him by the definition of the words, and limited to words whose meaning is clear and evident,
words when Otrguena her hearing took us the beauty of Spkha, and the depth of their impact, and the sweetness of pronunciation and is the face - the subject of the application - the fastest means by which movement of meaning from the sender to the future and vice versa, which is about the
signs and changes that occur to the face, and the individuals to communicate through which to express their feelings and the feelings of a certain, such as smile and laugh; to express of joy and gloom; to express sadness, anger and other expressions that show the position of vulnerability or being exposed to a particular circumstance of the individual