Diyala Journal of Human Research

Pilgrim studies of Argumentative are one of the latest linguistic and rhetorical studies that attempt to reach how the texts are based on the process of persuasion and find out the reasons for the variation between the texts in terms of the degree of persuasion between high and low and the most important linguistic linguistic methods used in pilgrims. In the Arab Maghreb, where the Arab research was concerned with the study of the application on the linguistic texts, especially in the Koran and Arabic poetry, but this does not mean their lack in publishing, rhetoric, shrines and others. The structure of the syntax in the language itself is a linguistic connector before it is a manifestation of the circular rhetorical circulation, especially in the Koranic discourse, which is always an important element in the process of persuasion and influence of the recipient for this came the attention of modern linguistic studies to clarify the concept of the depth and significance of its significance because of its great benefit In understanding the language and knowing a lot of its characteristics and secrets.

The current research aims to identify the mind wandering among university students, the significance of the statistical differences in the mind wandering among university students according to the gender variable (male - female), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers adopted the mind wandering scale of (Florence, 2016) prepared according to the theory of executive control (( kane, 2006, and the scale was applied to the research sample, which consisted of (400) male and female students from the University of Diyala, after they were selected by the stratified random method, and the number of students was determined in a proportional manner.
After processing the study data statistically using (one-sample t-test, two independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and alpha-Cronbach equation), the research reached the following results: Mind wandering, and in light of these results, the research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This research deals with the objections to the reasonable evidence in the book (Qawaeid Almutaraha). It states how it was dealt with by the author. The book is of an educational nature with its simple structure and clear style, but at the same time it includes highlighting Arabic grammatical thinking, with what it mentions of division and branching, analysis and explanation, and mentioning of grammatical schools and their arguments and proofs, and objections to those arguments and giving answers to them. Thus, the research aims at identifying one of these elements in Arabic syntactic though, namely, the objection to the reasonable evidence.
The grammatical objections to the rational evidence contained in the book varied. Among these objections, the evidence is absolutely invalidated, such as the objection by veto, and the objection by heart.
Including what invalidates the evidence in one place rather than another, such as the objection to the affirmative statement, the objection to the difference between the compared and contrasted by in terms of analogy, and the objection to the evidence’s violation of the inferred school.
Including the objection to the rational evidence by something outside of it, such as the objection to the lack of influence, the objection to the inconsideration, and the objection to accompanying of the situation.
The research recommended conducting an in-depth study of the mental objection in the book. As it is rich in these objections, in addition to the other aspects of grammatical thinking in which the book abounds.

This is done by testing the following hypotheses:
1.There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the scores of the members of the first experimental group (gradual reduction of organized sensitivity) in the tribal and remote tests on the scale of emotional awareness.
2.There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the ranks of the scores of the members of the second experimental group (training on immunization against stress) in the tribal and remote tests on the scale of emotional awareness.
3.There were no statistically significant differences (0.05) between the scores of the control group scores in the pre and post tests on the emotional awareness scale.
4.There were no statistical differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the first experimental group (gradual reduction of organized sensitivity) and the scores of the control group members in the post-test on the emotional awareness scale.
5. There were no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the grade levels of the second experimental group (training on immunization against stress) and the scores of the control group members in the post-test on the emotional awareness scale.
6. There were no statistical differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the first experimental group (gradual reduction of organized sensitivity) and grades of the second experimental group (training on immunization against stress) in the post-test
For the purpose of testing the hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the experimental design (the design of the experimental groups and the control group with the tribal and post-test). The research community included the 10 secondary school students. The schools were distributed to the Directorate General for the Education of Diyala, 4754 students were selected and 30 students were deliberately selected from middle school students who obtained the lowest grades on the emotional awareness scale. The researcher divided them into three groups, two experimental groups and one control group. In 10 groups in each group, The first group received an instructional program according to the method of gradual reduction of systemic sensitivity, while the second group received a training program in the form of training in immunization against stress. When the third group did not receive any program, and as the researcher built a tool to measure the emotional awareness and based on the researcher built the scale on the theory of Lin and Schwartz, the scale consisted of 25 paragraphs divided into five areas of awareness of physical sensations, awareness of physical reaction,And awareness of the feelings combined, and the identification of emotions,

This study sheds light on the image of Optimism in Al-Tannochi’s Book (Al-Faraj baad Al-Shidda) in which he made his colorful poems representing paintings that have big impacts on reflecting his image on the psychological reality. This refers to the skillfulness of the clever poet in photographing the real things. After we looked at his book carefully, it is clear that it depends on the embodiment of his feelings and sensations in images that supported by the mental and psychological sides. He talks to the soul and sensation together. We ask almighty Allah to accept our work as he is the conciliator and the helper for the good way.

Arabic language is a pioneering social phenomenon among the world's languages for communication between members of a single nation. It is the means of understanding, communicating, and expressing what is going on in the human soul, which is based on expressions, their meanings and their connotations. This is what prompted ancient and modern scholars to monitor the functions that this language performs that deserve study. Although it is a means of communication between members of one human society, this calls for the provision of tools and mechanisms to be used between the parties involved in the communication process. Grammatical styles have influenced the formation of speech, whether it is poetry or prose. Here, my study came to be limited to the poetic aspect, which is one of the weapons of the poet’s argumentative discourse. This is what I found with Abu al-Tayyib al-Mutanabi (d. 354 AH), who made his strength derived from the strength of the grammatical style. He used words and tools that helped him to form the argumentative discourse, including the words of explanation. The topic of my research came to bear the title: Words of Explanation and their Impact on the Formation of Argumentative Discourse in Al-Mutanabbi's Poetry, Study and Analysis. I began by talking about the concept of reasoning in the linguistic and idiomatic sense. Then I showed the linguistic and idiomatic meaning of the term (composition). I also detailed the term (discourse) and (arguments). I then clarified the structure and language of (the argumentative discourse) in Al-Mutanabi. I moved to the event in terms of explanation and their definitions for scholars and their effect on the formation of the argumentative discourse in the poetry of Al-Mutanabi. The study was selective of examples from Al-Mutanabbi's poetry, according to the descriptive and analytical method.
After that, I concluded my study by mentioning the most important scientific findings that I have reached.

A sample of the research community consisted of (508 students) of the Preparatory Stage at Khalis District of the Directorate of Education/ Diyala. The researchers built the scale of psychological defeat based on the model of Maven and Watson (2007) and the scale consisted of (48 items) The validity has been extracted in several ways, as well as, stability in the methods of re-testing and Alpha Cronbach and the stability factor has reached (0.84 and 0.82 respectively). The researchers applied the measure in its final form to the sample of applying was
about (200 students). The results of the research found that the sample possesses a high level of psychological defeat.

The Book of Interpretation of the Qur’an (Allibab fi Ulum Alkitab) by Ibn Adel al-Dimashqi al-Hanbali, who died in the eighth century AH, is one of the most famous commentaries in the world of exegesis. Many scholars have praised this work and its author, Abu Hafs Umar bin Ali bin Adel, who is considered one of the scholars of the eighth century AH, was brought up and taught in his native Damascus. He mentioned in his interpretation the historical narrations related to the Prophet’s biography, including the details of Aqaba and the pledge of allegiance in the first and the second, and how the supporters pledged to the Prophet to protect him and defend his call. Consequently, after the second pledge of Aqaba, the Prophet Muhammad directed all the companions to migrate to Medina until he joined them after he was assured of their departure from Mecca and their arrival there. To begin the history of the establishment of the state of Muslims in it

The levels of the Diyala River vary from one period to another according to the characteristics of the water year, which may be wet, moderate or dry. The highest annual discharge rate during the period from (1988-2019) reached (372) m3/s for the wet water year 1987-1988 as well as the wet water year of 2018-2019, wherever the rate reached (346) m3/sec, while the lowest annual discharge rate was (26) m3/sec for the dry water year of 2008-2009 as well as the dry water year of 1999-2000. As the annual rate of discharge was (37) m3/sec. The variation of these levels had a significant impact on the environment, whether when a flood or drought occurs. The drought that happened to the Diyala River over a long period helped people to evade on the borders of the river by building various facilities within the river valley because they were convinced that there would be no flooding again for the river and because Iran and Iraq built dams in the upper and middle basins. However, the high levels of the river affected the facilities erected by people, as some houses were submerged and people's lives were threatened, which prompted them to migrate to safer places. The greatest impact was the destruction of various agricultural crops of citrus and horticultural trees. The flood also affected the general health of the population, as well as water scarcity in some areas due to mixing with sewage water and the occurrence of a fracture on the (Sadia-Hemrin) road, which is considered the vital road to Diyala province.

Totemism and ancestral worship are a branch of pre-Islamic religions (“pre-Islam Arabs”), as they are not only monopolized by Arab tribes, but also included non-Arab tribes, as these acts of worship are a symptom of a person from its appearance until the late ages of pre-Islam.
The research dealt with totemism and ancestor worship, and how to use and develop this modern term, and this is a name that was not previously known to the tribes themselves, not even to the scholars and the people of the first news. Pre-Islamic pre-Islamic Arabs Arab tribes and non-Arab tribes, the theories and opinions in which they were said, and their philosophy, and the effect of this worship on the tribes in their customs and traditions, and the research dealt with the ancestral worship and its impact on the religious life of pre-Islamic Arab society, and how Of reverence for their parents and grandparents and their ancestors, and the worship of their graves named after them to protect them from mistakes and conflicts that may occur to the children of the tribe.

This paper relied on remote sensing techniques (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in detecting and classifying land cover and land uses in Al-Meqdadiya district center from 1995 to 2019 via the use of space sensors (TM, ETM+, OLI-TIRS) in Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8. It was possible to find out five types of land cover and land use, in which the built land (urban) and barren land increased until they reached up to (11.78%) and (53.11%) respectively. Whereas agricultural lands and water declined to (12.47%) and (3.46%) respectively in 2019. Moreover, the number of pastures was characterized by variation during the study period.

The recent study entitled(the equivalence of reference issues in the Quranic expression based on the hypothesis that there is parallel harmony that achieves some sort of interconnection between two concepts similar in pronunciation and different in credibility.
The study adopted a method close to the procedures of the logic scientists and the rhetorists in observing the Quranic expressions. Consequently, the study revealed that this phenomenon is regarded as a stylistic hint in the Quranic expression.

Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909 AD) inaugurated a government school for the sons of Arab, Kurdish and Albanian sheikhs and tribes, called the “Clan School” in Istanbul. Education in it was at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, which took care of all the students’ needs and allocated them a monthly stipend until their graduation. The school lasted fifteen years (1892-1907). The school accepted students between the ages of 12 and 16. Its establishment came as part of the Sultan's policy of controlling the Arab states and subjecting them to his central policy and the center of power in Istanbul.
The Arab tribes and Bedouin clans opposed state control over them, so the Ottomans sought to change their nature and settle them and impose other annual taxes and levies on them in order to contain them and ensure their loyalty to the state. The establishment of the Clan School was an important step within this framework. The Ottoman documents indicated that Sultan Abdul Hamid II had personally taken an interest in establishing this school in terms of organization and study, and drawn up its regulations and plans for employing students in it after graduating in civil and military jobs. Therefore, its system was different from other military schools that did not allow graduates to be appointed to civilian jobs, and this explains its establishment and complete equipping in a period not exceeding three months.
The instructions were sent to the Arab governors in Syria, Aleppo, Jerusalem, Baghdad, Mosul, Basra, Tripoli, the West, Benghazi, Yemen and the Hijaz, and the names of the students were determined, and fifty students were accepted in the first stage. Education continued in the school until February 1907 AD, after which it was closed for political and economic reasons. Some sources mention that it was closed due to its high expenses and the state's inability to meet its requirements, as well as its inability to employ graduates. However, some sources indicate that the closure was due to students complaining about the difference in food and climate from what they were accustomed to, which led to their illness and repatriation. But although that school was closed within a short time, it succeeded in graduating many sons of the clans who returned to their homelands after acquiring a high education.

Among the most important words and epithets that topped the Arabic lexicon and gained the attention of lexicographers are the words related to camels, such as their names, epithets, pregnancy, offspring, nature, traits, and types of their course of life, because of their relationship that affects the life of the Arab human in particular. It is long and there is no space for it here.
Here, therefore, I chose to devote the discussion to one of the aspects related to it, namely the types of its course and its attributes. I found that the Arabs have assigned a special word to each of the ways of walking. So they spoke about the words of their fast and slow pace, and they made expressions for those who wanted camels between that as a way.Since Al-Azhari was the first pioneer in dealing with these terms, he singled out words and epithets for camels that were not mentioned by lexicographers before him. Then I made a balance between the lexicographers in the way of presenting the words and how to study them, and I found that Al-Azhari had a special interest in the words of camels and their epithets in general, and the words of walking and their epithets in particular.

Geography in general and transportation geography in particular witnessed a great development in the middle of the last century, as the use of quantitative methods began and their entry into the field of other sciences, especially in network theory, as it entered the field of engineering sciences, where the network was abstracted into straight lines branching from the nodes and converging in them.
There is no doubt that the analysis of the structure of transport networks is of great importance, as these networks represent a reflection of the economic development reached by any region, and the network characteristics are known as a reflection of the development of spatial manifestations in the economic and social system of any region, as identifying the characteristics of the network structure helps to understand More accurate for the efficiency of Baghdad - Munthiriya No. (5) in Diyala Governorate.

The study aims to:
1. Constructed emotional freedom scale after following scientific steps in its construction and verifying its validity and reliability.
2. Constructed a proposed counselling program in the style of conscious understanding according to Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy.
Furthermore, the researcher made use of all the scale items to construct the counselling program, which comprised 14 sessions, the duration of each session was (45 minutes). Then, the scale was presented to competent experts and, next, the researcher has verified the psychometric properties of the scale. Validity was found out via two ways, namely, face validity, and construction validity. As well reliability was figured out via re-testing where the reliability coefficient was (0.81), and also via Alpha-Cronbach equation with a reliability coefficient of (0.83).
The researcher adopted (Judith Orloff 2009) theory of emotional freedom and to achieve the study aims, the researcher constructed emotional freedom scale. The descriptive method has been selected. This study was limited to high school female students/ morning studies in Diyala city center (Baqubah) along with the center of (Baladruz) of the General Directorate of Education in Diyala during the academic year (2019-2020). Moreover, the main study sample comprised of (100) fourth grade female students, whereas the scale construction sample consisted of (400) high school female students who were selected from the current research community of (2,663) students. In addition, the scale comprised, in its final form, of (35) items.
Consequently, the researcher used the following statistical means: independent samples T-test, one sample T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Alpha-Cronbach equation, Chi square, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness. In the light of the measures provided for the construction of the proposed counselling program, it was found through the results that there is a decrease in emotional freedom among high school female students. Taking this into consideration, the researcher submitted a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aimed to build a suggested indicative program in a self-organizing method to develop emotional creativity among female students. To achieve this goal, the researchers built the emotional creativity scale, which was based on the (April) theory, and the scale was applied to a sample of (400) female students for the academic year (2019/2020). Statistical treatment was carried out through (SPSS statistical bag).
The researchers reached the following conclusion:-
Developing emotional creativity in a self-regulatory manner among middle school students
In light of this result, the researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions, including the following:

The current research focuses on explaining the lexical meaning of the methods in which it was adopted, and by that it could reach to the simplification in explaining the lexical meaning of the School of the Alphabetical Fundamentalist System.

This research dealt with the study of “Demonstratives and Adjournment of the Word of the Soul in Qur’anic Expression” which will be discussed in two parts. the first; demonstrations of the word of the soul on it grammatical factors like presenting juncture and prepositional phrase on their elements. Presenting enunciative on its subject. the second; studying presenting the words on their elements. This research aims to show the secrets and judgments that results in demonstratives and adjournment in the words of the soul in Qur’anic system.

This research is based on the observation of the artistic technique (montage), which is the essence of the cinematic work. This is done through shedding light on the cinematic and narrative meaning, which is determined by the interaction between the technicians embodied in the novelist’s work (Borhan Shawi) and what is resulted out of this interaction, the influence of the operations of the narration Camera on the cut in place and time, the installation of footage, the extent of causal link between them, the mental function of the montage (the adjacency of the shots according to new relationships not included in any of these shots in a single format), and the language of Drama construction, etc. This produces a cinematic narrative that carries certain features and attributes in modern novel.

Some are considered to be modern-day mathematics and its advanced tools for the achievements of the other branches of science known to them. This is why they have become more concerned with them lately, because they aim at developing the spirit of creativity and innovation among the learners and training them in ways of understanding and receiving.
Because of the importance of achievement by learners and those who carry out the educational act, specialists have been to find ways and strategies to prepare the interaction of the learner in order to reach the desired educational outputs
Since this strategy chosen by the researcher has an effective effect in motivating learners and obtaining excellent educational outcomes, she has decided to apply them in the community of Abkrat governorate to get out of the clutches of terrorism and try to bring her back to the field of knowledge and educational communication.
The present study aimed at finding out the effect of the use of the inverted grade strategy in the achievement of second grade students in mathematics. In order to verify the research objectives, the researcher formulated the following zero hypothesis:
- There was no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group and the average score of the female students in the control group.
To validate this hypothesis, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted a full semester. The following procedures were adopted:
The experimental design was selected for two equal groups (experimental and control). The researcher chose the middle of the mother of the believers and the statement, which is a day school, within the district of Tikrit, intentionally, as a field of experiment. The sample consisted of 68 students. They were randomized to two experimental groups using the inverted grade strategy, and a female student was taught in the usual manner with 34 students for both groups. For the sake of the integrity of the research, the researcher compensated between the two research groups in some variables that may have an effect on the independent variable such as age, intelligence,
- The scientific material of the research was identified in the chapters (6, 7, 8) of the mathematics book scheduled for the second intermediate grade 2016 -2017. (22) a behavioral purpose was determined by which:
- Preparation of teaching plans for the two groups.
- Preparation of the tools needed for research, where the preparation of a collection test and the (22) test paragraph of the type of multiple choice.
After the experiment was completed, the tests were applied and the results were processed statistically using descriptive statistical methods such as scattering parameters, Centralism and correlation coefficients), and indicative tests include T, as well as statistical means of learning as a square Kai, the results showed:
1 - Students of the experimental group over the students of the control group in the collection test.
Based on the results, the researcher concluded that the adoption of the inverted classroom strategy has a positive effect on the mathematical concepts of the second intermediate students. In light of this, the researcher presented a number of recommendations in addition to a number of suggestions, including the expansion of the results of this study and its use with stages and other variables.

It became quite obvious the important role the historical studies played in knowing the previous ideas and different changes , knowing to what extent the current and the actual events influence the development of the current situation . It is generally known that Iran is a country able of holding various religious activities ; thus , it witnessed , during the first decade of the 19th., century events . These events came as a preceeding step to the general tendencies , specifically religious and after the increase of the foreign countries interference in the Iranian interior affairs during the second decay of the 19th ., century . The negative consequences became obvious after the end of its war with Russia Al Czarriya in 1813 . Various idealogicalchanges appeared that played an important role in directing the Iranian peoples' attention to their bad social , economic and political situation . These events coinsided with the circulation of different activities , ideas and disputes . They were represented by the activities of preaching and mystic thoughts , and the renewal of the tendency of Al-Shia'aImmamiaAthnaAsharya thoughts . This was faced by unified reactions of a number of great religious men of Al-Shia'aImmamiaAthnaAsharya schools : AlAkhbria , Al-Ausolia and Al-Sheikhia . This contributed in founding a creative movement : religious and thoughtful activities which were considered to be a true sign of strength and scientific progress .

The recent study aims at investigating essential anxiety among the intermediate school students. It focuses on identifying the differences in the essential anxiety according to sex variable (males/females).To achieve the study goals, the researcher has built an essential anxiety measurement that consists of (39)items that measure the essential anxiety. Each of these items has three gradable choices which have been given 1,2,3 scores respectively(always applies to me, sometimes applies to me, never applies to me)with the concept scale. Scoring these formed items expresses the opposite to the concept scale. Then, the validity of the scale has been verified via virtual validity and construct validity, while the scale stability has been verified via re-test and Cronbach's Alpha).The scale has been applied on a sample of (400)students randomly chosen. Later, the results have been drawn via the use of SPSS which show that the students at this stage have an essential anxiety , there are no differences in anxiety according to sex variable. On the light of the given results some recommendations and suggestions have been identified

The research aims to study the classification of the grain milling industry facilities in Nineveh Governorate, as the total number of grain milling facilities in it reached (29) operating establishments until 2015, and their spatial variation according to the administrative units in them, the Mosul district center occupied the first place in the number of establishments and their employees If we compare it with the rest of the other districts, while we note that there are other districts in which no industrial facility has been registered for the districts of Hamdaniyah, Sheikhan, Sinjar and Al-Hajar. Accordingly, the Mosul District Center came to have the largest share of the number of workers from this industry, with (669) workers out of the total workers in the grain milling facilities in the governorate, which amounted to (838) workers, thus obtaining a percentage of 81.03% of the total workers according to the administrative units in the governorate.

Ibn Abi al-Asba’ al-Masry is considered one of the rhetoricians who contributed to the mobilization of a number of rhetorical terms to facilitate ways for students to understand Qur’anic inimitability. It is to investigate its rhetorical secrets, with aesthetic standards, of a special position and straightforward understanding, and an artistic style that depends on employment and application. Ibn Abi al-Asba’ al-Masry’s innovations are perhaps the best evidence of distinctiveness and creativity. He tries in a scientific method to extrapolate in rhetorical rules, and to expand in the context of explaining the term and clarifying its significance, to draw a diverse picture in the originality and creativity of the term, by explaining, discussing and analyzing. He was influenced by his predecessors, and affecting his successors, in an expressive manner for his own manners and style, to create what he deems appropriate for application and theorizing in the Noble Qur’an, the Prophet’s hadith, poetry and prose. He is featured by good thinking and use with inspection, to touch upon the facts according to the method he adopted in classifying scientific material.

This research is concerned with the subject of justification by violating what is stated in the chapter, which is an accepted critical method used in justification, and the hadiths contained in prohibiting the woman from spending her money except with the permission of her husband were a model, so the hadiths were collected in that, and what contradicts them from what is stated in the chapter.
The hadiths regarding the prohibition except with her husband’s permission came from the hadith of Amr bin Shuaib, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, Ubadah bin al-Samit, Khairah of Ka’b bin Malik, and Wathila bin Al-Asqa’.
The hadiths of Tawus, Ataa, Al-Hasan bin Abi Al-Hasan, Mujahid, Ikrimah and five of them are mursal.
They are opposed by what is more correct from what is mentioned in the chapter, from the Quran, the Sunnah, analogy, and consideration.
Then they are a weakness in themselves. There were other answers that were not intended for research and were left out.
The hadiths that a woman may spend her money without her husband’s permission are more correct and more well-known.