Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Chronic kidney disease is consider to be a major health issue which affecting high percent of population worldwide. This study attempted to determine the effects of chronic kidney disease on the function of thyroid gland by measuring its hormones levels . There were 70 subjects included in this study their age between 20 to 70 years divided into two groups, patients and control groups each one contain 35 persons. Blood was obtained from the all subjects for measuring the levels of thyroid hormones . There was increasing in the incidence of chronic kidney disease in the fifties of age as the results of this study revealed. The levels of thyroid hormones recorded significantly P≤0.05 decreasing in patients with chronic kidney disease when compared with healthy persons. For conclude, chronic kidney disease leads to significant changes in the levels of thyroid hormones that need to be carefully interpreted in these patients.

The compound 4-carboxy -2-phenyl-1,8- naphthyridine was synthesized from pyruvic acid, 2-Aminopyridine and Benzaldchyde (I).4-Hydrocynoamine-2-phenyl-1,8- Naphthyridine synthhesized from 4-Carboxy-2-phenyl-1.8-naphthyridine and phosphor penta chloride anhydrous in carbon tetra chloride, the resultant derivative was then separated by crushed ice and filtrated, the solid acid chloride thus obtained was used for further reaction. to the solid which was form was added hydrazine hydrate (II).4(p-phenyl dimethyl aminc) -hydrazine)-1,8-Naphthyridine (III) was synthesized from refluxed equimolar quantities of (II) with p.Dimethylamino- Benzaldephyde in ethanol. The purity of the synthesized compounds were established through R spectroscopy. and the purity were confirmed by TLC. the physical properties such as melting point and percentage were determined. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds (I, II, III) were tested by using agar diffusion method against some bacterial species, the compounds exhibit highest antibacterial activity specially compound III, also the Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested compounds (I, II, III) were determined, the results showed that MIC values ranged (5-20) μg/ml for all bacterial species in this study, Pseudomsonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli,Proteus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Sallmonella sp. ,Streptococcus sp.

Entamoeba histolytica, is an intestinal protozoa parasites because a major health problem in developing countries, is the second most common cause of death due to parasitic infection. Which is usually transmitted by the ingestion of E. histolytica cysts through oral–fecal route so the prevalence of this parasite depends on environmental conditions and hygiene level, with increased travel and emigration to developed countries, using the available surveillance database taken from the center of Health in Al-Muthana province, from (January 2014 to December 2016), the aim of this study was determine the survey of E. histolytica and quantify age, gender, seasonal changes by microscopic examination. The higher rate of infection in 2015. While the highest percentage of infection in the months of (May and September). Also there was a significant difference in the percentage of infection in females higher than in males. In the age groups, the high incidence was determined in the age groups (15-44 )years.in conclusion the higher infection rates were observed in comparison with the previous studies conducted in other province, which may be as a result of the sample size, seasonal diversity and improved personal hygiene

Background:- Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral disease transmitted from person to others by coughing and sneezing droplets.COVID-19 is a new virus spread over the world symptoms of COVID-19 that can range from mild to severe disease and can develop into multi-organ failures, caused death .
Method:- The study included 68 people coming to the AL-Najaf Hospitals, who are suffering from infection by COVID-19 for a period of 2 months, from April to May month 2020. Draw 5 ml of blood for the measurement of CRP and Ferritin in patients' blood.
Result:- The current study showed that infection with Covid-19 is affected by the age factor of the patient, the age group (40-46) years was the most affected group, where the rate of infection being (38. 24).%) also, the study showed the sex factor was an effect on spread infection where the men infection was more than from women. The study also showed that the injury caused a significant increase (p <0.001) in the Ferritin level in both sexes compared to the healthy group (515, 222.382) ng/ml respectively in the Men and(470, 71 ) ng/ml respectively in the women. also, a significant increase in CRP level compared with the healthy group ( 44.82,3.41) IU/ ml respectively.
Statically analysis:- The data are analyzed using by SPSS statistical program version 18 software, the categorical changeable was given as percentage and frequencies
Conclusion:- We conclude from the current study that the age and gender factor play an important role in the prevalence of Covid-19 infection and that Covid-19 infection causes an increase in both the effective protein level C and the level of the ferritin of blood , so it can be relied upon in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is, a heterogeneous disease, with ,diverse clinical manifestation disorder characterized by hyperactivity of B and T cell, creation of auto,antibodies, and, deposition, of antibody- containing immune complexes in blood vessels, during body. This study aims to investigation some immunological markers related to patients with SLE. It includes the study of the level, of Interleukin, (IL.17), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti dsDNA, antiphospholipid and, complement, C3, C4, In addition to study the complete blood picture including hemoglobin, red blood cell monocytes, white blood cells, platelets and lymphocytes, they belong to factors that may interfere with the disease. Current study included 110 patients with SLE, and 106 (96.36%) were female and 4 (3.64%) were male. Patients with an average age of 31.61 ± 8.60 years. This work also includes 70 blood specimens as control group. Our study illustrated that most infections were on Village 71.82 % compared with the City 28.18 , and patients without history disease 57.27 % while patients with history disease42.73%. The results also showed that the concentration of IL.17 was significantly higher than p ≤ 0.05 in serum patients with lupus erythematosus (469 ± 2.25 g / ml) comparison with healthy individuals (107.39 ± 0.41 pg / ml). ELISA was used to measure some types of autoantibodies, and showed an increase in ANA and dsDNA Ab levels in SLE patients compared with healthy individuals. The results also prone that the antiphospholipid is significantly increase (P ≤ 0.05) in patients with SLE compared to controls.Evaluating serum complement level C3, C4 in the total study, our results observed significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in serum of patients with SLE (0.62 ± 0.01,0.13 ± 0.01g/l) respectively, compared with controls ,(1.74 ± 0.01,0.28 ± 0.01g/l) respectively.The results of the study also showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cell monocytes, white blood cells, platelets and the number of lymphocytes for SLE patients compared with healthy individuals.The relationship between antibodies to ANA and IL-17, antibodies to dsDNA and C3, C4 and lymphocytes was identified, as well as the relationship between APA, C3 and C4 antibodies. Inconclusion ,peoples with SLE have a positive ANA, High concentration of, ds DNA Ab and anti-phospholipid which plays an important role in pathogenesis and complement C3 and C4 in patients with SLE is decreased. An increased inflammatory concentration of interleukin (IL.17) can play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE which leads to disease progression.