AL-AMEED JOURNAL

The purpose of this paper is to see how each of these two
schools studies meaning. Semantics, as we all know, is concerned
with the literal meaning of a lexical item and a sentence and the
relations pertaining among them.
Driven more use-invariantly, formal semantics (FS) studies language
“in terms of the formal features of linguistic expression…”, as
Borg, on whom this study has relied largely, says, “independently, to
some extent at least, of the use to which the language is being put”,
Borg 15. It inspects literal meaning in the sense that it overlooks
such semantic properties as metaphor and irony… which are “often
held to occur post-semantically,” Borg 18, once the literal meaning
is settled. So, to look at the meaning of a sentence formally is
to view its words through their formal properties as we view their
phonetic features and their syntactic or logical combination into a
sentence. Thus, meaning is not affected by context.

Culture is manmade; that certain acts lay foundation to it gives nurture to a linguistic act from which it emanates. So it is dynamic as the acts ascend and descend in the chronicle of communities.
Contests take priority in being one of these acts steering such a chronicle: they stipulate acceptance, declination, rectification and solidification; Global Al-Jud Contest for Poetry inclusive.
The research paper endeavours to reconnoiter such contest efficacity: the reasons for its emergence, values of its rejuvenation and its goals of continuity.

This study focuses on analysing the extent to which the maxim of quantity is either violated or flouted by the main characters in the play “Hamlet” by Shakespeare. The reason for selecting this play is that it has a tragedy genre and it is famous among the most tragedies. In addition , the play tackles many themes which are timeliness and they transcend time and space in themselves and still present in the modern world such as familial relationships, beingness of ghosts, political conflicts , struggles with a mother, stepfather, and beloved, surveillance and what happens after death . If this is the case, then the play is old, yet modern therefore it is a kind of super-literature. It is expected that characters favorably and expectedly either violate or flout the conversational maxims through the talkative trait in which people frequently disobey these maxims in order to achieve certain purposes. Therefore, it is noteworthy to take a close look at conversational exchanges in such a play. The findings of this study indicate that in many occasions the characters violated the maxim of quantity. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that, people frequently violate this maxim in order to accomplish certain goals although cooperative principles describe the optimal practices in interaction in order to promote the process of conversation to be smoother for the interactants. In most of the instances, Polonius was talkative, redundant, and occasionally uninformative, and sometimes goes to the other extreme when too little information was given and these factors were in line with his genuine character in the play.

Creative contests is a cultural act participating in providing literature with the best ; Al-Jud takes priority in being one of these cultural acts and prominent in the literature of Arabic creativity. Such a study is to investigate its efficacity in explicating the tenth winning texts in the first contest, the reason for the first contest choice lurks in the fact that it represents the cornerstone of the previous contests.
The research paper concludes that the first three winning texts come with creativity precocity ; each has created a world of individuality and surprise ; then the individuality level recedes in the other texts; as of the fourth to the seventh, the last three texts are not in individuality line with the previous , that is the stratification appears acceptable and credible.

Such a research paper deals with elegiac utterances mentioned in the Global Al-Jud Festival, sets a comparison between the old ones and them in stating the most convenient elegiac utterances used in the past and explicating their shades of meaning in a poem with certain examples. Moreover, the study focuses upon the differences between the poets who elegize Al-`Abbas Ibin Ali in terms of morale and intrepidity, and compassion and intimacy. Finally, it showers some modernized utterances such as tip of fingers, the eye, the wound, blood-weltered, sacrifice, the rent, the chopped, agony journey.

The best of those who delves into the secrets of the Glorious Quran is the prophet progeny (Peace be upon them) as the guidance imams and salvaging ships ; it is of convenience to ponder over one of faith pillars; Imam Ja`afar Al-Sadiq and how he explicates certain Quranic utterances to take cognizance of their perception. The study ramifies into two sections:
The first deals with the real semantic utterances that cover both the linguistic and the religious.
The second tackles the figurative semantics; here come the utterances Imam Al-Sadiq explicates in a way tantamount to their figurative use; as the contextual meaning stipulates, in time it could not be justified regardless of its real reference; since the real content runs counter to the desired meaning .

The importance of semantics emerges into horizon as the Glorious Quran is revealed to the Prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon him and his progeny). It is to decipher the meaning of such a sacred book and delve into the details of its utterances.
In this regard, Ibin Mandhur (711Higra) manifests the allusion of such a concept. That is why the present paper reviews and analyses the meant viewpoints.

It is commonly agreed that the past is just an act of imitation to the past; the old Arabs never invent or innovate anything, they just repeat the past achievements, but the fact is that they do invent and innovate many products in different fields. So it is necessary for the researchers to take such facts which represent the Muslim ideological heritage into their consideration.

There is no doubt that there are several millstones in the history of the origins and evolution of anthropology , one of which is Rad Clive Brown who makes certain contributions to scientific fields of social anthropology that lead to support the development and consolidation of this important branch of anthropology.
Many researchers agree that it is necessary for a philosopher to deepen his knowledge through anthropology; Brown refers to the writing of Aristotle to acquire more biological information; it is important for researcher to delve into Brown's works and in specific for his study on the people of Andaman Islands.
In such a study it is to shed light on the life and works of Rad Clive Brown as a person and an anthropologist in the theoretical and practical fields that lead to develop the social anthropology that emerges as the main focus of certain universities

Such a research paper throws light on so great a matter that takes priority in the mind of both the classic and innovative grammarians; the linguistic reasoning pertains to measurement, there was a kind of controversy in the Arabic linguistic lesson. The classic pays much shrifts to such a mater to the extent it became preponderant to the linguistic lesson, in particular the late grammarians. In time, the mind of the innovative runs into controversy about the benefit of the reasoning to the linguistic lesson. Some endeavor to find a headway between the classic and the innovative to have a universal glance to such an issue. The research paper consists of two sections with an introduction and a conclusion: the first section tackles the acts of reasoning for the classic and the second focuses upon the innovative in this concern.

The first-graded grammarians erect themselves to erect universal and specific rules to grammar the expounders pay much heed to such rules and explain most of the grammatical semantics meaning in the light of these rules. Most of researchers study such rules and determine the mutual points between syntax, linguistics and pragmatics. There are many studies and theses compiling such these rules and the Nontackled inclusive; the traditionalists focus upon such a rule and mention while they explicate some allusions in Quranic Ayats and whatever religious consequences there should be; they call such a rule with different shades of terms; nontackled, the omitted or the left and so forth. The paper is to manifest such points of differences.

The responsive literature is considered as a shadow to many a genre; for it never yields to complete procedures, experiments, in terms of form and content. Such a literature makes use of digital means to keep pace with edification that creates a kind of innovative communication between product, text and perception. Though having certain obstacles, such a trend erects culture to communicate with readership via a digital revolution that flouts distance and channel conditions delimiting the paper world; provisos, scope and rules of supervision boards determined in the acts of writing and publishing.