journal mustansiriyah of sports science

The aim of the research is to identify the common sports injuries among student athletes at the University of Kirkuk, and to identify the relationship between the elements of physical fitness and sports injuries among student athletes at the University of Kirkuk.The researcher also used the descriptive method in the survey method,To fit the nature of the current research on a sample of (300) sports students, their ages ranged between (18: 22) years. The research sample was chosen by the intentional method by the mathematical students at the University of Kirkuk, and the researcher used the arithmetic mean and standard deviation as statistical means to achieve the results.The researcher concluded that there are several common injuries among students, such as bone injuries, with a total percentage of fractures of 2.47, fractures 3.39 and bruises of 8.87. The presence of joint injuries with a total number of frequencies of 264 among the students at the University of Kirkuk. There is a relationship between health, fitness and sports injuries among student athletes at the University of Kirkuk.

The research included four chapters. The first chapter contained an introduction to the research and its importance. The measurement and testing and the significant impact on determining and knowing the level of female students and the extent of development they have reached through knowing their abilities and physical and skill abilities and standing on them by teachers in the classroom through representing them at certain degrees and levels, helps the teachers to stand on the physical and motor needs of the students. As for the research problem, the researcher noted that most of the teachers depend on observation, observation and autonomy from the students in a random, irregular way during the performance of lessons and exercise to determine the level of motor, physical and skill performance, which made them interested in solving this problem and the aim of the research is to identify finding Standard grades and levels, not tests of agility and kinetic flexibility among middle school students. On a sample of (142) female students, she conducted the tests with the help of the assistant work team to obtain the results, and the researcher concluded reaching standard grades and levels for kinetic agility tests for middle school students in Baghdad. The researcher recommended the adoption of standard grades and levels, not the agility and kinetic flexibility tests for middle school students.

The study aimed to identify which is the most appropriate distributed or intensive method to develop the accuracy of shooting from jumping basketball for young players, and the researcher assumed that he found significant differences in the post-test for the two groups of distributed and intensive research and in favor of the intensive method group, and the researcher used the experimental method by designing the two equivalent groups with my method (distributed). And the sample was tested in a deliberate way, which was represented by (young basketball players for Al-Hayy Sports Club) and the homogeneity of the sample members and the equality of the two groups was ensured, and the pre-test was conducted for the research variables. The sample of the research was the duration of the curriculum (6) weeks and by (3) educational units per week divided into days (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday), then the researcher conducted the post test to find out the rates of development and using appropriate statistical methods, the results were extracted and presented in tables, analyzed and discussed according to the objectives The research and its hypotheses, and through the results, it was concluded that my method (distributed and intensive) has a positive effect in developing the skill of shooting from jumping with basketball among the sample of students. urge.

Football is one of the team sports that grabs the attention of many people of the world and of their different age groups, as it has special features such as excitement, suspense and the spirit of competition. Therefore, we see researchers racing in the scientific field to reach the smallest details in the parts of technical skills of all kinds, including control and evasive skills. Because of these two skills, great importance in the technical performance of students who play football, so teachers of physical education must reach the learner to the smallest details to ensure their optimal performance. Competitiveness to reach effective learning through research, investigation, and selection of appropriate alternatives in a scientific and thoughtful manner, the purpose of which is to improve the technical performance of technical skills in general and the skills of control and evasion in particular in middle schools, since the game of football depends mainly on the competitive method, which has an important impact and modern style in Improving the ability to perform these technical skills, and the aim of the research is to identify the The impact of the competitive method in improving the skills of controlling and dribbling football, the researcher assumed that there are significant differences with statistical significance for the tribal and remote tests, and the second chapter included theoretical studies related to the research. On a sample of students of the fourth preparatory stage in Al-Zawraa High School - Baghdad - Al-Rusafa. As for the fourth chapter, the researcher used appropriate statistical treatments to present, analyze and discuss the results, and the final chapter included the conclusions, which are improving the ability to perform the control and evasive skills of the experimental group members, and the recommendations were the need to pay great attention to the style of competitiveness the physical education lesson by teachers and moving away from traditional methods

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research in which the researcher touched on the importance of the psychological aspect, including psychological stability and the important role in competitions and tournaments for people with physical disabilities, especially this important segment and what they suffer, and the research problem through the researcher’s experience as a specialist in the field of people with disabilities and those working with lifters with physical disabilities that stability Psychological role is important, and from here the researcher wanted to achieve this role and influence through scientific research in the relationship between psychological stability. Weightlifters The researcher reached through this study the conclusions that the measure of psychological stability fits the sample of the studied research and distinguishes young lifters with average psychological stability and a moral correlation and most psychological features, including psychological stability, have a positive role in achievement. The psychological aspect is one of the important aspects that trainers are interested in, and the preparation of psychological programs is important in kinetics and movement to develop the quad in a way that increases psychological susceptibility, and similar research is conducted on various types of sports activities.

The game of handball has received special attention from experts and specialists working in its field, as international levels require defining the form of the training planning process, methods and programs, whether for local teams or at the level of national teams. Strength training means and methods vary according to the type of training system and the level of players' abilities. And because muscular ability is one of the basic requirements for performance in the game of handball, which is due to it performing the skills of the game effectively to achieve the goals of those skills, attention must be paid to developing muscular ability and to be a priority for trainers in public and private preparation periods. Through the follow-up of the two researchers, he noticed that there is a clear weakness in the performance of some defensive skills, especially the defensive moves in the handball game with the required force and speed, such as attacking the opponent in the competitive and effective moment, and rapid movement in bridging the defensive gaps. This weakness of the Iraqi player in muscular ability is an obstacle to the effective performance of defensiveness skills, which has a prominent role in winning matches or tournaments, and from here the research problem crystallized. The study aimed to identify the effect of (skillful - physical) exercises on the muscular ability of young handball players, and to identify the relationship between the muscular ability of the two men and the defensive moves of young handball players. The researchers assumed that there were significant differences in the results of the tests (before - after) for the experimental group in the muscular ability of the two men, and there was a correlation between the muscular ability and the performance of defensive moves for young handball players. The research and its problems. As for the research sample, it was represented by (10) players of the Diyala Youth Handball Club players aged (16-18) for the sports season 2019-2020. Short-range defensive moves forward-backward-side and agility defensive moves (30) seconds.

Mental toughness is one of the most important qualities that a player must have, as it comes from himself, and its incentives are subjective, and directing this toughness is also subjective. The player does not need an external motive because the motive is subjective or within the player, where the player is able to fully control himself and be consistent and realistic in achieving his goals. Or is it ready to move, and it is usually prepared and full of energy? As for the research problem, it crystallizes with the following question (Are there differences in mental toughness among the players of Diyala University teams)? Therefore, the researchers must find an answer to this question. The research objectives are to identify the mental toughness of the research sample, as well as to identify the differences in the mental toughness of the research sample. As for the imposition of the research, there are statistically significant differences for mental toughness between the research sample, and the researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the objectives of the research. The research sample consisted of (36) players (representing team games, basketball, volleyball, handball) for the academic year 2022-2021, and the mental toughness scale prepared by (Mohannad Talib Abd 2012) was used after the scientific bases were extracted for it. As for the most important conclusions, the results showed that there are differences in mental toughness between the players of the Diyala University teams and in favor of the players of the Diyala University team in handball. Other (psychological - mental).

The research aims to find out the effect of the random exercise method on learning the skills of handstand and the human wheel in artistic gymnastics for students, as well as knowing the priority of the two groups in learning the skills of handstand and human wheel in artistic gymnastics for students. Random selection with pre- and post-tests on a sample of (30) students who were randomly selected from the second year students in the College of Physical Soil and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala for the academic year 2022. Through statistical treatments, the researcher reached a set of conclusions that the random exercise method has an effect on. He learned the skills of handstand and the human wheel in artistic gymnastics for students. In addition, the random exercise method was an assistant to the trainer in learning the skills of handstand and human wheel in artistic gymnastics for students, and gave him the greatest opportunity to observe students and correct their mistakes positively. The researcher made some recommendations, the most important of which is the need to adopt a method of random exercise in learning the skills of handstand and, for the human race with artistic gymnastics, the need for diversity in adopting learning methods has a great impact on learning the skills of artistic gymnastics.

The research aims it is necessary to use the effectiveness of focused attention exercises in the process of teaching students to pass from the bottom in volleyball, which has an important and basic role in improving the skill side and enabling students to achieve the goal with superiority and the least possible amount of errors. The pre- and post-test The research community consists of students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad for the academic year 2021-2022, and their number is 185 students, divided into seven study divisions. And the research sample was chosen in a deliberate way by drawing lots, as it consisted of (two divisions) (B) and (E) of males. 28) With (16) students per group, and thus the total number of the research sample is (32) students out of (185) students, and it constitutes a percentage of (17.297%) of the research community, which is an appropriate percentage to represent the society honestly. And the results of the research were significant and in favour of the experimental group, the reason for the effect of the effectiveness of the exercises that were used in focusing attention and learning the skill of scrolling from the bottom.

The research aims to reveal the significance of the differences in some skill variables of the cross ball players between the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control groups, as well as to identify the significance of the differences in some skill variables of the cross ball players between the experimental and control groups in the post test and to verify the objectives of the research The researchers assumed that there were statistically significant differences in some skill variables of the experimental group between the two tests, the pre- and post-tests, and in the interest of the post test. The experiment was carried out on a sample of the national team players with volleyball, they were chosen in a deliberate way and divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control) and by (7) players for each group.Homogeneity and parity was achieved between the two research groups in the following variables (age, height and weight), and the skill variables that were identified by experts and specialists. In light of the results, the researchers concluded: Using the mini-game's method, all skill variables developed by comparing the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group. The curriculum prepared by the coach led to the development of some skill variables under study. The experimental group that used the mini-games method achieved a better development than the control group, in the skill variables dealt with in the research, by comparing the results of the post-tests between the experimental and control groups.

The aim of the research is to know the level of social intelligence among university team games players and to identify the level of social compatibility among university team games players, and also to identify the relationship between social intelligence and social adjustment among university team games players .In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the two tools of measuring social intelligence and social adjustment were applied. and Sports Science at Diyala University.After analysing the data and processing it statistically using a one-sample t-test, a one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficientThe researcher concluded that the university team players have a good level of social intelligence, and the university team players have a good level of social compatibility. The researcher concluded that there is a positive correlation between social intelligence and social adjustment among university team players.In light of the results of the research, the researcher reached many recommendations and suggestions * Conducting a study dealing with social intelligence and its relationship and other psychological variables such as (social anxietty Conducting a study dealing with social adjustment and its relationship and other psychological variables such as (the level of ambition)

The emphasis on watching the technical performance and the spatio-temporal sense accompanying the performance of the effectiveness of pushing the weight has a fundamental role in correcting the true course of the canter of gravity of the body during the performance stages in a simultaneous and immediate manner through visual observation and the accompanying practise of an applied process to match the performance in order to achieve the best starting variables for this activity , and this originally requires recognising the partial distances and compound movements that are related to the performance application of this activity in order to enhance its learning for beginners among the weight throwers who represent the Qadisiyah education team in order to integrate the technical performance and the starting variables and achieve the goal of the educational process. The research aims to identify the level of technical performance of the performance stages and the starting variables for the effectiveness of pushing the weight of the research sample represented by the weight throwers of the Qadisiyah breeding team, who were divided into two groups (experimental and control). And the use of computer performance viewing as a visual means to correct spatial information and performance for the effectiveness of pushing the weight through the actual application of the experimental group. And to identify the effect of this method in developing some spatial and starting variables for the two research groups. It reached 20 students, they were divided into two groups, control and experimental, and then the researcher conducted tribal tests on the two groups and videotaping of the performance of pushing the weight, and the speed and angle of launch and angles of approach and thrust were extracted, and then applied the educational programers for visual feedback. The results of the research summarised the occurrence of an evolution in all mechanical variables and a development in technical achievement and performance.

The handball game is one of the world-famous mass team games, characterised by its strong and fast skill and scoring goals, which necessitates specialists and academics to take care of the physical, skill and psychological requirements of this game, as the development in this game can only be achieved through improving, developing and raising the level of achievement that It can only come by continuing the process of physical, skill and planning sports training accompanied by good psychological preparation. The aim of the research is to prepare skill exercises for voting without a goalkeeper, and to identify the effect of exercises in developing self-confidence and shooting skill. And the controller in the development of self-confidence and the skill of shooting handball for juniors.

Personality is the unit of mental and psychological life, and it is the basis of the study of psychology. Therefore, psychologists were interested in studying and analyzing it, in addition to studying the distinctive qualities of each individual, which make him a unique unit in itself and different from others. And the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (in Diyala )? Therefore, the researchers must find an answer to this question. As for the objectives of the research, it is to identify the leadership personality of the applicators of the research sample, as well as to identify the differences in the leadership personality of the research sample. As for imposing the research, there are statistically significant differences for the leadership personality between the research sample and the researchers, and the researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the objectives of the research. The research sample consisted of (150) students (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Basic Education-Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Belad Al Rafdeen University-College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences) for the academic year 2022–2021, and the leadership personality scale prepared by (Qahtan Fadel Muhammad 2017) As for the most important conclusions, the results appeared in the presence of differences in personality between students of physical education and sports sciences and the College of Basic Education, and in favor of physical education and sports sciences, then basic education and the College of Mesopotamia, through the conclusions of the research recommends The use of the leadership personality scale to know the level of leadership personality for students in faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences, and conduct similar studies on other variables (psychological-mental).

Introduction and the importance of the research in which the researcher mentioned the need to know the differences between individual game players in some physical and biochemical variables and the range of motion of the knee joint, after removing the partial meniscus of the injured woman to restore her normal activity in the shortest possible time and what that has an impact on improving the physical and biochemical response and the return of the affected joint to its natural state. The problem of the research lies in knowing the differences between individual game players in physical and biochemical variables after using some appropriate tests for these variables.The objectives of the research are to identify some biochemical physical variables for individual gamers after partial meniscus removal in the knee joint, as well as a study of some biochemical physical variables for individual gamers after partial meniscus removal in the knee joint.As for the hypothesis of the research, it was that there were statistically significant differences between the results of tests of some physical and biochemical variables for individual gamers after partial meniscus removal in the knee joint and rehabilitation.The researcher concluded that through the results of the research for the two groups in some physical characteristics and range of motion of the joint after the removal of the partial meniscus and the chemical variables, there are differences between the measurements and tests before and after the implementation of the qualifying curriculum, and also concluded that there are significant differences between the tribal and post tests for the biochemical variables for the first and second groups .

The research aims to assess the ability of the performance of the long serve and the short serve in badminton for the badminton team players of Al-Mustansiriyah University, where the researcher used the descriptive method for its suitability to the study concerned with the research. The research sample included (12) players representing the total community (100%) and (4) players were excluded, as the research samples became (8) players only, and they represent (66%) of the research community, two of the standardized tests were used for skill (The accuracy of the long transmission, the accuracy of the short transmission) After conducting the tests and processing the data statistically, conclusions were reached that show the statistical results to the superiority of the performance of the accuracy of the long transmission in the research sample despite the convergence of performance. Through these conclusions, the researcher recommends working on evaluation research on female players and on the rest of the basic skills in badminton standardized

The research aims to identify the relationship between some physical abilities and some functional abilities of the soccer goalkeeper, and the researcher used the descriptive approach and in his research and in the method of correlational relations, and chose the research sample who are the goalkeepers of the University of Baghdad soccer team for the academic year. 2022-2021), and a homogenisation procedure was conducted for them in terms of biological age, training age, height and weight. The researcher using the law of the correlation coefficient to find the relationship between the selected physical and functional abilities, and the researcher came out with several conclusions, including the absence of a significant correlation between some physical and functional abilities investigated for the members of the research sample, and this indicates that there is a weakness in some physical and functional abilities, which means that they must have a special interest in developing these abilities, which is one of the basics of success in preparing and training high-level goalkeepers. The researcher came up with a number of recommendations aimed at coaches using exercises and Training tools that help develop special physical and functional abilities during the training of football goalkeepers, as well as coaches to conduct periodic tests of special physical and functional abilities to assess the level of goalkeepers, which will help coaches to develop their training curricula in a scientific and objective manner accurate according to the stages Various training.

The research problem is the lack of information on the extent to which mental abilities are related to the level of achievement with knowledge of the levels of monthly physical and mental vital rhythm and their impact on the level of achievement and the level of speed of selective cognitive response, as the free-swimming players and their capabilities in achieving levels of results have a link in The various abilities and the possibility of increasing or decreasing these mental abilities and knowing the level of this effect through the results obtained by the researcher in his research. These results were determined through the different levels of physical achievement in high and low physical rhythm and high and low mental rhythm and linking it to response speed tests and the most important of these results What was obtained in the research is that there is no correlation between the results of the selective response speed and its relationship to the achievement of 400 m free swimming, but it appeared to us that there is a limited impact on the levels of physical biorhythm at the level of achievement.

AbstractIn order for the evaluation to be accurate, the researcher found that it is necessary to adopt the test in order to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the trait that he intends to measure, and because most of the tests are applied in cases other than cases of real competition, so the tests must have something that suits the ability to control and direct the accuracy of placing the ball in its place Exactly, therefore, tests of defensive technical skill in volleyball were designed and codified for first-class club players in Diyala Governorate. The research community was divided into an exploratory sample of (15) players, a building sample of (60) players, and a technical sample of (55) players, and the standard scores were extracted on the community The research tests showed (130) players, and the research tests proved their validity in measuring defensive technical skills in volleyball by distributing them moderately on the construction sample and their ability to distinguish between the achievement of high and low level members of the sample in the same test as well as achieving high honesty, stability and objectivity coefficients. The levels varied in three tests.

Choosing the appropriate training methods is one of the factors that are given great importance in modern sports training, and among these training methods are cardio-style exercises, a method that helps the body to obtain a greater amount of oxygen during its exercise, and it gives the body a high physical fitnessThe problem of the research Through the researcher’s follow-up to the game of basketball and through observation, he noticed that there is a decrease in the level of defensive skills among basketball players in the last minutes of the match, which the researcher attributes to a decrease in some physical abilities, which negatively affects the level of defensive skills performance of the players Youth basketball.The research aims to prepare cardio-style exercises for young basketball players and to identify the effect of cardio-style exercises on some physical abilities and some defensive skills of young basketball players.The experimental method was used in a one-group method, and it was conducted on the players of Al-Sulaikh Sports Club.Conducting pre- and post-tests for the research variables, and the training units lasted from 12/15/2021 to 9/2/2022It was concluded that the cardio-style exercises proved their importance and role in the sports side, and the cardio-style exercises developed some physical abilities and defensive skills of the Sulaikh Sports Club players.The researcher recommends that the use of cardio-style exercises in Al-Sulaikh Sports Club for basketball and work on developing physical abilities and defensive skills because they have an effective role in preparing Al-Sulaikh Sports Club players.

The importance of the research lies in the use of special endurance, which contributes to conditioning events in the nervous and muscular system, increasing efficiency through performance, and demonstrating the effect of exercises on the development of special endurance on strength and speed in the effectiveness of the 200 m class T47). The human field included a sample of elite players in games Athletics for people with disabilities category T47 As for the temporal domain, the research was conducted on a selection of athletes in athletics for the event of 200 m for the period from 8/4/2022 to 25/6/2022 in the stadium of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. To the level of achievement in the effectiveness of the 200-meter run, after that the experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research. The objectives of the research are to identify the extent of the impact on speed and strength endurance exercises in some variables, in addition to identifying the research community of elite players and their number was (5). The researcher used the following tests: a 250 m running test with speed endurance, a jump run test (Baoznik) to measure strength endurance, and a 200 run to measure achievement, and the experiment was for a period of (12) weeks with (3) training units per week with rest on Friday and Saturday The researcher used high intensity exercises.

The importance of the research came to the design of a self-stop device on which the snatch movements can be performed in a way that ensures ease, flow and safely, as the feature of controlling and controlling the self-stopping movement was added by the student in order to develop the performance of the snatch lift and improve the achievement required for them in the university's championship. The problem of the research when observing the performance of the university team students for the skill of lifting the snatch, which is subject to performance evaluation by the arbitrators, was that there are many failed attempts and technical errors when performing, such as the fall of the iron bar or imbalance and lack of control, especially with the stage of using iron weights, which the device works on Create for the trainee confidence and motivation when performing with iron weights, due to the safety of the self-stop feature. Which causes the students to hesitate from performing in the correct way or fear of injury, as the research aimed to design a device to develop technical performance and achieve the snatch lift for the university team for female students in the sport of weightlifting. The research community The team of Diyala University female students from the faculties of physical education and sports sciences (19) and the Department of Sports in the College of Basic Education (13) and a total of (32) female students represented the research community, and they were divided randomly into two control and experimental groups. The exercises affected the device in a way Better than traditional exercises without the machine

The problem of the current study is that most of the learning methods used in physical education in general and gymnastics in particular are traditional methods that focus on verbal explanation. Learning kinetic skills, as the research aimed to 1- Recognize the effect of the cube strategy in learning some floor mat skills in the artistic gymnastics for female students. The students of the fifth scientific class and it consisted of (36) students in each group (18) students. An exploratory experiment was conducted and then tribal tests of the research sample and then the implementation of the main experiment. The research vocabulary took (4) weeks, the two groups were given two educational units each week, thus becoming (16) An educational unit, then doing post-tests, extracting the results and discussing them, and thus the research hypotheses were achieved, and the researcher came to the conclusion that the strategy adopted has a positive effect on learning The skills of the female students for the skills of gymnastics and the researcher recommended the need to conduct more scientific research on the use of the cube strategy for other variables for teachers of physical education in the different academic levels.

The importance of the research came through the design of devices that help in raising and developing the target skills in new and previously unfamiliar ways, hence the importance of the study in preparing a new training tool used to develop the accuracy of types of shooting and speed of response for handball players, and we believe that it will contribute to a modern addition to training means used in handball, the study aims to design a training device used to develop the accuracy and speed of shooting for young handball players, and to prepare special exercises for the device used to develop the accuracy and speed of shooting for young handball players, and to identify the effect of the designed device in developing the skill of shooting in handball on moving targets for each of The experimental and control samples of the research, and to identify the effect of exercises with the device in developing the accuracy and speed of shooting types for handball players. A year in the handball game of (22) players representing the private community of the research sample, and these exercises were applied within the main section of The training unit is at the rate of (3) units per week for a period of (8) weeks, as the number of training units reached (24) units. The implementation of the training curriculum in the proposed apparatus began on 4/5/2022 until 12/6/2022. The researchers concluded, by analyzing and discussing the results of the research, that the device used (moving precision) has a positive effect on the development of the speed and accuracy of shooting among the handball players for the members of the experimental group. Handball is easy to master, like a device (moving precision).

Defense in handball is one of the important issues that the coach must take into account with this type of basic handball skills, as the multiplicity of types of defense in the recent period has added additional responsibility to the players, and good defense has become of great value and the importance of this is appreciated by both the player and the coach so that they do not find any difficulties In the operations of coverage and conversion from one form to another according to the requirements of playing, the problem of the research lies in the presence of a low level of performance of defensive skills, especially individual ones during matches, and even some training units were lacking some defensive exercises, so most of the coaches depended in their training on offensive performance, which negatively affected the performance of the players Defensiveness One of the research objectives is to prepare an educational curriculum to develop some sensory-motor abilities, learn defensive skills for juniors in handball, and identify the capabilities of sensory-motor perception and defensive skills for juniors in handball, and also that the educational curriculum has a positive effect in developing some of the abilities of sensory-motor perception and learning defensive skills for juniors hand reel. The researchers used the experimental method in order to fit the nature of the research problem, and the researcher identified his research community the young players in the Kirkuk handball team, which numbered (22) players, and the researchers chose his sample randomly with (16) players and were divided into two groups, control and experimental. The most important conclusions are that the approach prepared and used by the coach for the control group contributed to the development of perceptual kinetic abilities and defensive skills for the junior handball players, and also that the educational curriculum of the experimental group was the best in developing the perceptual kinetics and defensive skills of the junior handball players.

The importance of the current research lies in the importance of the spirit of challenge and orientation towards competition, the relationship between them among the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University, and because of their knowledge of the role they have in their correct psychological guidance. Sports, Wasit University, and also knowing the relationship between the spirit of challenge and the tendency towards competition among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University.The researcher used the descriptive approach in the two methods of the survey and correlational studies, and the research community was determined by the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University, who numbered (80) students. Then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher came to the conclusion that most of the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Wasit University have a good level of challenge spirit and orientation toward competition, and also concluded that there is a direct relationship between the spirit of challenge and orientation toward competition.

The Effect of the (4mat) Strategy in the two Methods of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Small Groups on Learning some Basic Skills in Volleyball Formatting the effect of mental modelling according to the (4MAT) strategy some basic volleyball skills based on mental representation? The experimental method was used for its suitability to the nature of the problem , and the research sample consisted of (54)students from the fourth preparatory students at Taj AL-Din High School for Boys, representing three sections and (18) students for each seetion. Appropriate statistical method were used to extract the results. Where the results indicated that the (4MAT) strategy within the two methods of homogeneous and heterogeneous small groups has a clear and positive effectiveness in increasing the students ability to learn some basic skills in volleyball, and the reason is that this strategy and the methods used by teachers helped to organize the teaching process, so that it is based on difference a mong Learners in their Learning styles.