Al-Muhaqqiq Journal

The theory of frustration and atonement is closely tied to the principle of Divine Grace, as the divine system in dealing with creation is fundamentally based on divine mercy in reward, punishment, forgiveness, and repentance. Its purpose is to elevate human beings to the highest ranks of Paradise and Divine Pleasure. Moreover, it is deeply connected to the doctrine of Divine Justice, particularly in ensuring the acceptance of a sinner\'s repentance, the forgiveness of their sins, and the atonement of their misdeeds through repentance—not as an obligation upon God, but as an act of grace or fulfilment of promise. Here, Divine Justice manifests in its most profound form in the context of forgiveness and mercy on the Day of Judgment. This is because eternal residence in Paradise hinges on the acceptance and impact of righteous deeds in the Hereafter, while the permanence of punishment in Hell is reserved for confirmed misdeeds compounded by disbelief in God and His messengers—especially disbelief in the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad (peace be upon him), and failure to repent.
Al-Sayyuri paid significant attention to this doctrine, which is linked to the concept of Divine Unity. He asserted that the frustration of deeds applies exclusively to disbelievers, not believers. The noble traditions narrated from the infallible members of the Prophet’s household (peace be upon them) emphasize a reduction in reward rather than its nullification or frustration.

This research explores the theory of ontological guardianship (wilayah takwiniyyah) as presented by Sayyid Haydar Al-Amuli (d. 878 AH), its foundational principles, and a comparison with the views of philosophers and theologians. The concept of ontological guardianship of the prophets and imams (peace be upon them) is grounded in the relationship between God Almighty and His creation. Accordingly, the study focuses on the epistemological underpinnings of Al-Amuli’s theory and its consequent implications.
Using an analytical and descriptive approach and a detailed examination of Al-Amuli’s scholarly legacy, it becomes evident that he sought to pave the way for the realization of ontological guardianship within humans through the principle of self-determination aligned with an essence capable of multiplicity. Notably, differences emerge between his perspective and the Sadrian philosophical theories. In the philosophical causal system, the guardian (wali) acts as a mere instrument of action, where authority is seen as a trust, based on divine ownership. In contrast, Al-Amuli perceives the guardian’s authority as stemming from his own sovereignty and as someone annihilated in the Divine, where his will becomes that of God’s. This stance diverges from theologians who argue for an independent human will and from philosophers who view human will as a continuation of Divine will.

Scholars’ certificates play a crucial role in identifying personalities and determining their scholarly status. This study examines the ijazahs of Sheikh Hussam Al-Din Al-Hilli, a prominent figure from the city of Hillah in the 11th century AH.
In this research, we present four surviving certificates of Sheikh Hussam Al-Din, which provide valuable insights into his teachers, students, and writings.

Zuraif bin Nasih, a companion of the two Imams, Al-Sadiq and Al-Ridha (peace be upon them), authored several works, including the Kitab Al-Diyat (The Book of Blood Money). This book is considered part of the correspondence of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to his governors, preserved across generations and reviewed by Imams Al-Sadiq and Al-Ridha (peace be upon them). Zuraif bin Nasih is one of the narrators of this seminal work, which later became widely known under his name. Over the course of history, the Kitab Al-Diyat has been cited by prominent Shia scholars. After completing his Al-Jami’ lil-Shara’i’, Yahya bin Sa’id Al-Hilli transferred the content of the Kitab Al-Diyat through several chains of transmission at the request of one of the scholars.
This study focuses on analyzing and compiling Yahya bin Sa’id’s multiple chains of transmission to the Kitab Al-Diyat as well as the book’s various chains to the Imams (peace be upon them). It also addresses the doubts raised by scholars such as Ibn Idris Al-Hilli, Al-Shahid Al-Thani, and Sayyid Muhammad Al-Sadr concerning this book.

The city of Hillah is recognized as one of the prominent Shia scholarly centers in past centuries, having produced distinguished jurists. Despite its historical significance, little is known about its schools and academic institutions. This research investigates select manuscripts copied in Hillah, particularly in the Zainiyyah School, and evaluates their importance, given that renowned jurists like Ibn Fahd and others taught there. The evidence found in these manuscripts and handwritten copies indicates that scholarly activity thrived in Hillah from the late 8th century until the mid-12th century AH.

There is a strong and intrinsic connection between poetry and music, one of the most essential elements in the composition of poetry. Music is a key component in shaping the poetic structure, representing the secret of poetry's beauty and distinguishing it from other forms of expression. It serves as a significant factor in influencing the reader or listener, an effect that constitutes one of the primary objectives of literary art—an aim poets strive tirelessly to achieve.
This research focuses on the musical structure of Sayyid Ja’far Al-Hilli’s renowned Mimiyah after briefly outlining his biography as one of the celebrated poets of Al-Hillah. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and supported by statistical analysis, this study highlights the musical features present in this iconic poem.

Sheikh Jamal Al-Din Al-Miqdad ibn Abdullah Al-Suyuri, famously known as “Al-Fadhil” (The Virtuous), was one of the prominent figures of the Shia community. Born in the city of Hillah, he pursued his studies there before settling in Najaf Al-Ashraf, where he passed away in 826 AH. Despite his stature and fame, little information about his life has reached us. Biographical authors have omitted details about his birth and life, leading to discrepancies regarding the location of his burial.
The author of this study has uncovered new documents about Al-Suyuri’s life, including his birth date, the location of his burial, and some of his poetic verses written in response to Ibn Taymiyyah—information not previously recorded by biographers.

Manuscripts, as is widely known, are among the most significant resources that illuminate the path for researchers to uncover the true image of the scholars who authored them and to understand the intellectual impact of their works. In this study, I have compiled, to the best of my knowledge, a list of Hillian manuscripts housed in the British Museum Library in London. The collection consists of thirty-three manuscripts, organized chronologically from the oldest to the most recent. The primary reference used for this compilation was Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Najaf’s indexing, published in Turathuna magazine, followed by the British Museum’s catalog of manuscripts by Charles Rieu and other sources.
This effort aims to repay, in part, the immense intellectual debt owed to the honorable scholars whose hands have gifted us this legacy. All praise belongs to Allah, first and last.

The book Musil Al-Talibin ila Sharh Nahj Al-Mustarshidin by Sheikh Nasir Al-Din Ali bin Muhammad Al-Kashi (d. 755 AH) stands as one of the significant commentaries on the Nahj Al-Mustarshidin by Al-Allama Al-Hilli. This book has been widely studied and explained by numerous scholars and intellectuals. Al-Kashi’s commentary is distinguished by its depth, eloquence, and ease of comprehension. In this study, I have focused on the chapter on Imamate, where Al-Kashi elaborates on Al-Allama’s concise discussions, proving the doctrine of Imamate through both rational and textual evidence. He structures his argument around four main topics, providing a comprehensive perspective for those seeking truth and guidance.
The research relied on four manuscript copies, and I spared no effort to bring this work to light in a scientifically rigorous form.