Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Background: Perforin″PRF1″ is a fenestrae-framing peptide whichhas the capacity of ″toxic lymphocytes″, which slaughter changed cells as well as cells harboring intracellular pathogens(Voskoboinik and Trapani 2006).These lymphocytes traverse both the intrinsic and versatile safe compartments, and include ″toxic T lymphocytes″, regular executioner killer cells, Natural killercells.Thesecytes can release ″PRF1″continuously sending warning signals.″PRF1″ is placed in the cellular parts that are released in a cellular way to empty their contents, performing their role as target cells (Voskoboiniket.al 2010).
The goal of this study is to discover a specific marker can detect or prevent superficial bladder cancer in men using malignant biopsies of bladder for this purpose.

The current study was carried out in Al-Sader teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf province during the period from 2017/1/8 till 2017/7/18.The study was undertaken to estimate the importance of PSA marker in differentiated between patients with prostate diseases and patients with prostate cancer. The cases enrolled in this study included 210 patients with prostate diseases, their ages ranged from (21-89) years divided into sex group according to their ages. 60 apparently healthy male as a control subject, their age ranged from (20-80). All 210 prostate patients had different serum PSA values from ≤2.5 (ng/ml) to >4.0 ng/ml. 94 (44.8%) had PSA > 4.0 ng/ml and 116 (55.2%) had PSA < 4.0 ng/ml. 38(43.2%) of patients with 60-69 years old had PSA level higher than the (4.0 ng/ml) while 27 (46.6%) of patients with 70-79 years old had PSA level higher than the (4.0 ng/ml) and the patients who had ≥ 80 years appears 10 (76.9%) of them had PSA level higher than the (4.0 ng/ml). The results of this study revealed that Serum PSA level can be used as predictive and diagnostic marker for prostate cancer.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) considered as one of the chronic auto-immune multi systemic diseases affects females rather than males especially during childbearing age. A fluctuating nature of SLE disease activity deprive this disease from any of monitoring test, at likewise both of SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) criteria or even the laboratory analyses do not confirm such disease activity, especially when a patient have normal serological results although during the disease activity (flare). This study done as a case control study (retrospective study), where a total sample size included (86) freshly peripheral blood samples, which subdivided into: a first the disease group comprised from (66) blood samples voluntary obtained from SLE patients whose attended Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital and Al-karama teaching hospital during the period (October/2017-June/2018) after official approvals were obtained from health institutions. however, the disease group were be divided into active group (flare) and in active group (remission) according to SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) criteria by a specialized consultant. while the second group included (18) blood samples obtained from healthy individuals (controls) whose matched with a disease group in gender and age.

Is it necessary to live in too clean environment ? using of various types of sensitizer, cleaning soaps? or just like that live naturally without any fear of that expectant opportunistic creatures that may invade our bodies with all their deleterious weapons! Over use of such means may be simply two edges sword. This is the premise of the puzzle (hygiene hypothesis),our environment is too clean and our immune systems are no longer as heavily taxed with fighting off germs and bacteria. Increased rates of allergies and other conditions like asthma partly attributed to deviation in immune response because of poor immune response towards the infectious agents might be caught by normal contact with them.
Living simply with natural micro living components of the environment leads to more activating of neutralizing potency immune system represented by all its types natural active and passive means.

A Selective and sensitive method has been advanced for the estimation of Pd (II) This work is based on the coordination of Pd(II) with 5- [(4-Hydroxy phenyl )azo]- 4,6-dihydroxy-2-mercapto pyrimidine (HADP) to form color product ,that has a maximum absorption at( 605) nanometer and ε of( 1.11 x 104) L. mol-1.Cm-1. The relative error ,relative standard deviations and stability constant for Pd(II) were (-0.8 ,+1.2%) ,(0.51,0.72%) and 4.12 x108 L2.mole-2 .The new reagent and it complex have been prepared in ethanolic solution. Conductivity values for complex is consistent with those predicted an electrolyte.