Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

The study was conducted on 450 out patients and 30 healthy women, whom have visited the department of infertility at Al-Sadder medical city, Al-Zahra Hospital and in Najaf Province during the period from January till August, 2012. The infection with T.vaginalis in clinical suspected women determine by using the wet amount microscope, the infection women numbers and percent by wet mount microscope gave 49 and 10.88% respectively. The results showed significant elevation (P<0.01) in serum concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in serum of T.vaginalis infection patients in comparison to healthy control group.

Background: BK virus infection and nephritis are increasing problems in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Increasing prevalence of this infection and nephritis have been correlated with newer immunosuppressive agent in recent years. Routine post-transplant screening for BK viremia prior to the occurrence of nephritis and the reduction in immunosuppressive therapy for subjects with BKV infection appear to be attractive objectives.
Objectives: This study performed to screening for BK virus in blood to identify RTRs at risk of development BKV associated nephritis (BKVN) .
Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 75 renal transplant recipients as a patients group, with 75 healthy adults as a control group, were involved in this study. Quantitative detection of BKV viral load in blood by real time PCR assay was done for the both groups.
Results: This study revealed that 37% of the RTRs were positive for BK viremia by qPCR assay, While BKV has not detected in any one of the seventy five healthy persons of the control group, and about half (54%) of the recipients were identified as presumptive BKVN.
Conclusion: This study suggests that qPCR assay of blood is an important screening test for detection of BKV infection in RTRs.

A descriptive study used to find the relationship between physical and psychosocial aspects and heart failure. The study was carried out during the period from (October 2013 to May 2014). The study aims to find out Physical and psychosocial aspects for patients with heart failure in Al-Sadder medical city, in the ICU and CCU units, to identify the relationship between the physical and psychosocial aspects for heart failure. A purposive sample of (30) patient in the ICU and CCU units in Al- Sadder medical city in Al – Najaf Al – Ashraf Governorate. The data were collected through used of questionnaire was developed and modified by researchers format of viewing with patient that available in the ICU and CCU units. The questionnaire consisted of three major part, the first part was concerning Sociodemographic characteristics, consisted of (9) items, the second part of the questionnaire was comprised of (10) items that related to disease distribution characteristics and clinical manifestations, the last part concerning about the physical and psychosocial aspects and this part have (47) item. The validity through reviewing the questionnaire by a panel study of (9) experts. The data were analyze through the application of descriptive statistical analyze include (frequency & percentage) and the application of inferential statistical analyze that include (person correlation coefficient and Chi-square).
The finding of the present study indicate that there is highly significance for physical domain with the age, marital status, Occupational Status, Socioeconomic Status, Disease chronicity, Disease duration, Cardiomyopathy and Pneumothorax. Also highly significance for psychological domain with the age, marital status, and level of education, Occupational Status, Socioeconomic Status, Disease chronicity, Disease duration and Cardiomyopathy.
The study confirms that the heart failure most commonly occur in elderly people over (38) years of age. Heart failure occurs almost equally between male and female, rural and urban, married and widowed. The study confirms that the heart failure occur in high percentage of illiterate retires have no enough income in An Najaf Al Ashraf. The study indicates that the majority of the study sample have chronic heart failure, most of them diagnosed since over (2) years and over.The study confirms that the heart failure most commonly complications progress was high percentage for cardiomyopathy then pulmonary hypertension then hepatomegaly then pneumothorax. The Overall assessment of physical and psychosocial domains of heart failure patients’ quality of life in al-Sadder medical city which are high percentage for poor in physical domain of quality of life (73.3%) also there is a high percentage for poor in psychosocial domain (63.3%), which mean failing in these domains of heart failure patients' quality of life. The study recommends that an intensive comprehensive wide population based studies be conducted to assess the physical and psychosocial aspects of people with heart failure. Moreover, health oriented mass media approach could be employed by the ministry of health to increase people's knowledge and awareness of heart failure and how we can prevent and managed it.

The study aimed to investigate the diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients and its relation with the glycemic control represented with the glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c). The study performed in the diabetic and endocrinology center at Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf. The study included 102 subjects, divided into a (10) healthy subjects ascontrol group and two groups of diabetic patients attended to the diabetic and endocrinology center at Al-Sader medical city and diagnosed as type 2 diabetic patients, divided into two groups with and without retinopathy. The type of retinopathy was determined by physicians, there are three retinopathy subtypes: diabetic retinopathy in early stages, proliferative retinopathy and macular edema.Most DR patients were in early stages of retinopathy 37.25%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy 11.76%, and macular edema 11.76%.The results shows a significant increase of diabetic retinopathy DR prevalence with increasing diabetic duration, the incidence of DR was highest in patients of 15-20 years of diabetes mellitus,and the highest were the proliferative , then macular edema 12.33 ± 18.6 and 14.16 ± 2.32 respectively. The level of fasting plasma glucose among control, DM and DR groups increased significantly (P < 0.05), while there was no significant differences (P < 0.05) in FPG levels between these subtypes of DR.
The HbA1c was significantly highest (P<0.05 )in DM and DR (6.65% ± 0.29 and 8.025 ± 0.19 respectively) when compared with 5.73% ± 0.18 in the control group. According to the successive HbA1c percentiles,the early stages of DR were found in all levels of HbA1c, but the highest incidence were in the highest levels. Also proliferative DR begin to appear at 7-7.5 % of HbA1c, andits highest incidence were at 7.5 – 8 %. Macular edema increased at 7-7.5% and at levels highest than 10.5 %.There was a significant decrease in body mass index BMI in DR patients when compared with other groups, and a significant decrease in BMI in proliferative DR and macular edema when compared with the control.
The study concluded that there is a critical need to perform a periodical check to diabetic patients to diagnose the retinopathy in its early appearance, and to use the glycosylated haemoglobin as measurement periodically to detect any increase or fluctuation in this parameter to control the glycemic state in these patients.

Out of the 200 samples of drinking water, which were collected from different source in Erbil city, from the period November 2014 until April 2015 . In this study, 36 isolates of Helicobacter pylori were isolated from samples as well as from biofilms, this study directed for the isolation of Helicobacter pylori by culturing in different media and identified by biochemical tests and PCR technique, in order to evaluate the potential role of drinking water in transmission of H. pylori. Water samples cultured on Brain heart infusion agar with supplement, Colombia agar base with supplement and Brucella agar; the results showed that The total number and percentage of the isolates of H. pylori from all tested water samples were 36 (18%), and these distributed as follow: 12 (24%), 11(22%), 8(16%) and 5(10%) from biofilms, reservoir, groundwater and tap water respectively. All H. pylori isolates were identified by using cultural , morphological , biochemical characteristics, from all(36) of isolates:30(83%) gave positive reaction for urease indicates that the isolates had the ability to produce the urease as well as 24(67%) of the total isolates; oxidase and catalase gave positive reaction while 17(61%) of the total isolates are motile. 35(97%) of the total samples confirmed by using primers for identification of H. pylori based on 16SrRNA this was the first report on using 16SrRNA amplification and confirmation of H. pylori isolates from water samples in Iraq. The ureA genotype was expected to be present in nearly all 34(94%) Helicobacter positive isolates. The PCR assay employed in this work specifically targets a region of the ureC (glmM) gene which has been shown to be unique and essential for the growth of H. pylori and the results appeared that 28(78%) of the total isolates have this gene This study was succeeding to detect the ureA and C gene in most of the isolates which was already confirmed by16SrRNA.