Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

The present study aimed to highlight and assess the in vitro poultry anti-lice properties of Ziziphus mauritiana alkaloids and Eucalyptus camaldulensis terpenoids leaves extracts. In vitro poultry antilouse effects of the extracts of various concentrations (1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) using filter paper contact bioassay was applied. Results revealed that lice mortality was concentration-dependent for both studied extracts. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 3.687 and 1.045 for alkaloids and terpenoids extracts respectively. The results indicate that terpenoids extract has strong lousicidal activity. Further steps should be pursued to make these extracts to be tested in vivo then may be used as a novel treatment for poultry lice in future, allowing lice control in a less aggressive way to the environment.

The current study was aimed to evaluate immune response induced by Burkholdaria cepacia antigens to determine whether these antigens could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development against this bacteria. Four successive doses of OMP and killed antigen extracted from B. cepacia isolated from sputum of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were injected into rabbits using multisite injection protocol. We found that these antigens stimulate specific mucosal and systemic humoral immunoglobulin titers as well as to the significant increased (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein concentrations at serum and mucosal respiratory secretions in addition to the significant increase in the concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM at rabbits sera. INF-γ concentrations were significant increased at serum and mucosal levels with stimulation of migration inhibition index of leukocytes. These immunogen induced positive skin test tuberculin type delayed hypersensitivity. Thus B. cepacia antigens were B and T cells dependent type, and could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development.

This study was aimed to evaluated the bacterial contamination of the Euphrates river flowing through the city of Nasiriyah , the study was included done some bacteriological tests on river water, and the samples were collected from three stations , included three indicators , total coliform (TC) bacteria , Fecal coliform (FC) and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The sampling performed monthly for monitoring of water river in 2016 , it was expressed seasonally , It was appeared that TC , FC and FS was registered higher rates for all stations in autumn in range (2900-4400) (2000- 3500), (11000 - 14000) cell / 100 ml respectively and the smallest rates was in summer season in ranged between (1500- 2600), (1800- 2200) and (3000 - 4200) cell / 100 ml respectively . The second station was appeared higher numbers of all indicators bacteria for all seasons in range (2600-4400), (2200-3500)and (1400-9200) cell / 100 ml respectively ,while The first station was registered smallest numbers of them for all seasons in ranges (1500-2900), (1500-2000)and (3000 - 13000) cell/ 100 ml respectively . According to parameters of water quality Interpretation and Standards of European Communities, 1989 and Environmental Protection Agency ,2001 , all numbers of TC were less the numbers of A1 category(˂5000 cell / 100ml ), FC bacteria were more than numbers of A1 (˃1000 cell / 100ml ) and less than numbers of A2 group (˂5000 cell / 100ml ) . In regarded of FS , they were larger than numbers of A2 group(˃2000 cell / 100ml) and larger than numbers of A3 group (˃10,000 cell / 100 ml ).The results of the study were found when studying the source of fecal contamination by using the proportion of FC to FS , all proportions to all stations in all seasons were less than 0.7,this indicate to contamination source was animal feces , except in station number 1 in spring the ratio was 1.88 which indicate to mixed contamination .

The infection rate with Hymenolepis nana in Najaf province was 446 (1.79%) from the results of about 24.800 stool samples from different parts of Najaf province were examined by direct wet mount methodin Al-Sadder Medical City, Al-Hakeem Hospital, Al-Zahraa children and Maternity Hospital, Al-Menathera Hospital and Al-Sajad Hospital, in addition to medical centers and private clinics in province . This study was conducted during September 2013 to September 2014 . A questionnaire sheet, shown in appendix was filled for each individual studies . There was no significant difference (p< 0.05 )in the rate of infection between male and female and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between infected patients (6-12 years) in comparison with other age distribution . It was found that 20% of 150 house mouse Mus musculus were infected with H.nana . The highest rate of the total infection was 7.34% in grain stores and the lowest rate (4%) in restaurants .

The isolation of alkaloids compounds from Capparis spinosa roots and Vitex agnus-castus fruits as crystal yellowish white powder. The chemical and physical properties of isolated alkaloids compounds were studied by using thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (MP), ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and FTIR spectrum. The isolated alkaloids compounds are shown high antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, E. aeruginosa, S. viridans, and S. pneuomonia). The results explained broad spectrum antibacterial property of alkaloids compounds against all pathogenic bacteria