Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research

This study was conducted in the laboratory of plant tissue culture research center of the palm / University of Basra to the production of plantlets acclimatized and subsequently for the two types of date palm is rare in Basra (Barhi and Kantar) through the formation of buds spin-off of the initial callus.
Took fourths of terminal buds Shoot tips of 3-year-old cuttings and planted in the media of diet and MS the forces of steel and supplied complete with 30 mg / L naphthalene acetic acid NAA and 3 mg / L 2ip and 3 g / liter of activated charcoal, 30 gm / liter of sucrose and added e vitamins Biotin and Thiamin-Hcl Pyridoxine at a concentration of 1 mg / L adenine sulphate was also added of close concentration of 40 mg / L and sodium ortho phosphate acid concentration of 170 mg / L and 100 mg / L of the Meso-inosetol and add the Agar concentration of 7 g / L and incubated at growth chamber on temperature of , the 27c±2 intensity of light 1000 Lux and 16 hours after light and 8 hours darkness and were secondary Agriculture Sub-Culture every 4 weeks until the callus was then changed on the medium of for the purpose of stimulating the Buds incidental. Results of the study have shown the following:
1-The use of plant growth regulator Naphthalene acetic acid at concentration of 30 mg / L had an emotional impact in the rate of weight and time required for the initial appearance of callus, callus may be the first in a class Barhi after 102 days, while Kuntar be in a class after 72 days, as The average weight of callus after 8 weeks for up to 406 and 420 mg of Barhi Qantar, respectively, when using the focus 40 mg L and without focus on the moral difference 30 mg / liter.
2-It was noted that the use of concentration 2 mg / L of naphthalene acetic acid with 6 mg / L 2ip had an emotional impact in reducing the time required for the emergence of spin-off buds, buds, and formed a spin-off in class Barhi 134.10 after day, when they disagreed with the term class Kuntar was formed as buds off after 94.18 the day when the use of 1 mg / L of naphthalene acetic acid with 4 mg / L 2ip .
3-After a protracted process of buds off and have been rooting plantlets acclimatization in the laboratory and the results of research have shown that the use of agricultural medium component of sand and peat moss by 1:2 led to a significant increase in the percentage of plantlets adapted amounted to 70 and 90% Barhi Qantar, respectively, while the percentage dropped to 30 and 40% when you use the agricultural medium component of sand only Barhi Qantar, respectively.
4-clear from the results that plantlets have been obtained for the class Kuntar is a better and stronger than those of class Barhi as strongly marked by its leaves and not to lose moisture quickly with those sorts of Barhi, and the plantlets class Kuntar has been characterized to possess a thick roots and the roots of the secondary container.

This study was conducted in the lab of plant tissue culture of Date Palm Research Centre at the University of Basrah during the seasons 2010 and 2011, to determent of effect of different levels of sucrose in the growth and development of embryos physical for date palm variety of Barhi in vitro and content of protein carbohydrates and phenolic. The results showed that exposure of tissue cultured date palm tissues in vitro and growth under levels of 30 g / L sucrose led to the increase in fresh weight of embryos as reflected positively on the rate of biological processes where the embryos showed a significant increased in the protein content of different concentrations compared to the other. The results also show increased content of embryogenesis grown in various medium of carbohydrates with increasing concentration of sucrose from 10-50 g / L, where log concentration 50 g / L from the highest to the content of embryos of sugars, which amounted to (2.35) mg / g fresh weight and the difference was not significant for the content of embryos grown in the medium supplied with 30 g / L of sucrose. While the medium showed the supplied with 10 g / L of sucrose was significantly superior in reducing the content of the phenolic compounds in embryos, which amounted to (0.691) mg / g fresh weight compared with concentrations of 30 and 50 g / L of it. The study also showed the effects source of embryos grown at different concentrations of sucrose in the percentage of germination as it reached the highest percentage of germination (70%) where recorded for embryos originating from the medium supplied with 30 g / L sucrose, thus this treatment significant superiority compared with percentage of germination recorded for the embryos in concentrations of 50 and 10 g / L of it.

The present study is includes determination of total content of Phenolcs compounds of five date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties during two growing stages (kimri and tamer). These varieties are (Dairi, Khudrawi,Zahidi, Braim and Khusab). The Extraction process was conducted using six different solvents (Water, water and methanol, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Formic Extraction Technique, Ethyl Acetate and hexane).There is no significant differences between different varieties whereas, the Zahidi extract contains larger quantity of phenols that reached 288.88 mg of Gallic equivalent / 100 g of dry weight, the less was detected from Khusab which reached 88,88 mg Gallic equivalent / 100 g, while during the tamer stage, the largest quantity of phenols was in Dairi it reached 177.77 mg Gallic/ 100 g and the less quantity for Khusab wich reached 33.33 mg Gallic equivalent /100 g. Inhibition effect increased for the extraction of Khudrawi date which was prepared with different concentrations (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11) g/100 g to delay the oxidation of beef Meat Kufta and the concentration 0.11 g /100g showed higher inactivation activity . The value of peroxide is decreased with an increase in concentrations when stored with cooling degree for ten days and there is significant differences between all concentrations in sensory evaluation of Khudhrawi extraction with different concentrations adding to the product of beef Meat Kufta compared with BHT and control that stored with cooling degree 4-8C for 5 days , and the control have lowest degree compared with BHT and extract.

The study was conducted to determine the cause of death of plantlets from tissue culture , isolation of fungus Diplodia phoenicum from plantlets which showed symptoms of wilt , and proven test pathogenicity the ability of fungus D. phoenicum in causing symptoms of wilt and death at the seedling palm with inoculated , and showed fungicides benomyl 50% ,Vakoumil , Score and Carbindzaim the ability of inhibition reached 100% for the radial growth of D. phoenicum compared with Aiochen – pro inhibition reached of the fungus 57.77% .

The present study was carried out at a private orchard , in Al-Hartha region –Basrah, during the season of 2010 .The aim was to investigate the effect of spraying on leaves with NPK at ( 2 , 2.5 ) % and Urea with 1% on leaves in production of Date Palm Khidrawi cultivar , the result showed decreased of fruits drop by spraying at Urea 1 % before spathes opening and early of Kammri stage significantly compard with other treatments and there are no different significances with treatment of NPK at concentration of 2.5% in before spathes opening and early of Kammri stage and treatment of NPK at concentration of 2 % in before spathes opening and early of Kammri stage and treatment of Urea 1 % before spathes opening, also treatment of NPK at concentration of 2.5% in before spathes opening and early of Kammri stage increased fruit weight and bunch weight and production of fruits significantly compard with other treatments ,while treatment of spraying with 1% Urea in before spathes opening and early of Kammri stage increased content of nitrogen in leaves significantly compard with other treatments .

This research was conducted in Date palm research center, Basrah university- for isolation and identification of bacterial types that contaminated date palm tissue culture., and studied the inhibiting activities of three types of plant extracts on fruit of Rhus coriaria , bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and gummy extraction of Bswellia sp., using four types of solvent water, methyl alcohol, normal hexane and ethyl acetate, in three concentratioشns(0, 0.5, 1)% and studied the inhibitory activities of three types of antibiotics Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and Amoxillin. The results of isolation and identification of bacteria appeared contanmination of callus tissue of date palm tissue culture by three genera of bacteria Staphylloccus aurwus , Bacillus subtillus and Proteus spp. The results showed that ethyl acetate extracts 1% of each Rhus coriaria and Bswellia sp. appeared the highest inhibition zone of about (23.00, 24.00)mm respectively against S. aurwus while the inhibition zone of ethyl acetate extract 1% of Bswellia sp. against
B. subtillus was18.33mm, the results showed that alcohol and ethyl for acetate Rhus coriaria extract were the best extracts that gave the highest inhibition zone(16.76, 16.33)mm respectively against Proteus spp.
The results of antibiotic inhibiting activates against bacteria genera appeared preeminence of Chloramphenicol 1% of about (28.67, 30.33. 29.00)mm of in habitation zone against Proteus spp. S. aurwus and B. subtillus respectively while Gentamycin 1% gave the higher inhibition zone of about 29.33 mmagianest Proteus spp in significant difference among other treatments.

The present study showed the seasonal variations in the distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five dates cultivars (Ghannmi Akhdar, Ghannmi Ahmar, Khikri, Dekel (g) and Dekel (s)) of date palm male at Abu-Al-Kaseab, Basrah during the period 2008 – 2009. Statistical analysis revealed that leaves of Dekel (s) have high content of TPHs during autumn, while grain pollen have higher content of TPHs in Ghannmi Akhdar during 2008 which is similar in a large extent with 2009. Higher values of n-alkanes and carbon performance index (CPI) were recorded in Dekel (s) leaves during winter. Also, some aromatic compounds have been found in leaves and grain pollen of some cultivars, which their values were differed significantly during some seasons and non-significant throughout study period.

A study was conducted to determine of mineral content of four element (Nitrogen, potassium , phosphouer, sodium) in Pollen grain of two date Palm male Cultivars (Smasmii and Wardii) from AL- Hartha region – Besrah.
The significant differences were found between the two types of Pollen in their mineral concentration. The result showed that concentration of Nitrogen and phosphouer and sodium in smasmii were more than in wardii while there wasn’t significant differences in potassium concentration between smasmii and ward

Isolation and Identification of the fungi Cladosporium herbarum
associated with the date palm leaf spot disease in Basrah was carried out. And the results of the pathegenicity test showed the ability of the fangi C. herbarum to cause the infection and gave symptoms of the leaf spot disease on the tested leaves. And the study showed the activity of the disinfectants phenole, iodine, cetrimide and Hypochlorite against the fungi C. herbarum phenole showed high activity in the inhibition of the fungi growth at the concentrations 1.25% , 2.5% and 5% while iodine showed killing of all isolates at the concentrations 2.5% and 5% , however at the concentration 1.25% six cells staied alive after passing one minte And Hypochlorite showed killing at all isolates at the concentrations 2.5% and 5% and however at the concentration 1.25% ten cells staied alive after passing one minute And two cells staied alive after passing two and half minute and one cell alive after passing five minute.
And cetrimide showed killing of all isolates at the concentration 2.5% and 5% , however at the concentration twenty cells staied alive after passing one minute and seven cells staied alive after passing two and half minute and three cells staied alive after passing five minute.