Diyala Journal of Human Research

This study, titled "Narrative Awareness of Social Values in Iraqi Fiction (2003-2019): A Study of Selected Models," aims to examine the manifestations of the narrative awareness of Iraqi novelists regarding the impact of the country's events on the values governing social life. Iraqi novelists have, through their imaginative narratives, translated elements from the existing social reality into the realm of fiction without falling into simplistic documentation. This allows readers to engage with the imaginative narrative in the context of objective awareness of the subject matter

Criteria for distinguishing the transgressive and the necessary between the ancient and the modern. The importance of the phenomenon of infringement. Necessity is linked to the meaning and that adding a letter or changing it from a particular word can lead to a change in the meaning of that word. Those who were satisfied with the controls set by the ancients, and some of them expanded and added new signs of excellence; Therefore, this research will stand on these controls and their adequacy in determining. The type of verb within the composition.

Many geographical studies dealt with the issue of Excesses on the basic design, and as a result of the change in the functional and economic basis for it, more than half of the Earth’s population lives within urban centers, and this large increase in the number of city residents, especially in developing countries, is a dangerous indicator because it is happening rapidly It is not compatible with other basic sectors, and therefore these cities became unable to solve their various urban problems, which created a kind of conflict within these cities between what is planned and what is implemented. This conflict has created problems that exceeded the perception and prediction of those in charge of preparing the master scheme. The research dealt with the transgressions by dividing the housing unit (not encroached) in the city of Muqdadiya in terms of the transgressions that took place in its neighborhoods and to identify the social conditions and the urban and structural condition of the fragmented housing unit of the neighborhoods of the city of Muqdadiya. The study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations that contribute to addressing the problem on the one hand and preventing its emergence and increase on the other hand.

At the beginning of its founding, the American state witnessed several different developments. Targeted all aspects of life. Renewal and diversity were not limited to the basic elements of the development of society, but even to the use of administrative and political titles at the level of application and practice. This nomenclature and definitions have deepened and obtained an integrated content of stability and spread. These names were not specified for men to the exclusion of women, but rather equal for all. The term first lady is among those titles that have been used.
The position of the first lady was very important within the limits of the duties that the lady of the White House exercises, to the extent that she played a very precise role. Because it dealt with an unknown and undefined administrative level, as it was not mentioned in the constitution or was addressed in other legislation. Therefore, the position of the first lady was very sensitive, according to the above data.

The current research aims to identify social-emotional learning among university students is one of the important segments in society because they are future leaders and are responsible for the development and progress of society. The results of the research showed the following:
- University students are characterized by social-emotional learning. In light of the results of the current research, the researcher recommends some recommendations and suggestions some are the emphasis on measuring social-emotional learning in psychological counseling centers because of its impact on university students in their studies and their compatibility with their academic specializations. Some suggestions were conducting a study on the relationship of social-emotional learning with other variables such as emotional balance, mental thinking skills, and multiple intelligences for basic education students.

The developments witnessed by the Lebanese Forces following the assassination of its founder, Bashir Gemayel in 1982, led to the emergence of conflicts between its leaderships on the one hand, and strained relations between those leaders, the Kataeb Party and President Amin Gemayel on the other hand. Those events accelerated the outbreak of the first uprising within the Christian component, which was followed by other uprisings and conflicts in which the decision was cemented by the Lebanese Forces.

Abstract
Power is an important and essential concept in cultural discourse. There have been numerous discussions and visions around defining its conceptual boundaries and representations, which differ according to their cognitive, social and political system. Some are philosophical, others are political, and the third are culturally critical.
since power in its general sense plays a dual role in shaping the narrative and critical discourse alike, we decided to stop at it in this chapter to reveal its dimensions. On the part of the narrative discourse, we find its clear influence on the creator as a member of society, whether he identifies with authority or rebels against it, it penetrates into the depth of his thinking and the formation of his philosophy, and on the other hand, it imposes its dominance on the consciousness of the recipient, and the formation of his thought as a member of society as well.
As for the role of the authority in shaping the critical discourse, it also has a double effect on the critic and the recipient of the critical discourse, as they are subject to its hegemony in cases of identification or rebellion. Therefore, the question of authority will be about how it appears, and not about what it is; Because power is a phenomenon that is not hidden, and it is linked to the human self by authoritarian relations

This research aims to study the feminist narrative dialogue in the collection (Women's Pleasures) by the Iraqi author Lutfiya Al-Dulaimi, through analyzing the dialogue texts and stating their features, starting from the importance of dialogue in the story, which is considered one of the two forms in narration and part of the components of narrative construction, and for the artistic, stylistic, and expressive techniques that her stories carry, in which the feminist narrative dialogue prominently emerged.

The cultural situation in the Hijaz during the Ottoman era was characterized by stagnation, despite being the head of the pyramid in the Islamic countries because of its important religious, social and political status by virtue of the presence of the Two Holy Mosques, limited to the presence of some ktateep and seminars inside the Two Holy Mosques, until the year 1883, in which the Ottoman government began to establish the first printing press in the Hijaz, which is (Hijaz Wilayati Printing Press Cee) in Mecca, and its purpose was initially to print the calendar or calendar The annual Hijaz, as well as the official newspaper of the mouthpiece of the state, but the printing press soon began to contribute to the dissemination and increase of cultural and educational awareness, and prepared the way for other printing presses to work on the same goal,

This researc is concerned with studying the retrieval method of the Iraqi short story writer Ibtisam Abdullah in her short story collection (Bukhur), because this method occupied the largest space in the narrative discourse of the author. She used it for artistic and aesthetic reasons to break the monotony of events and shatter the regularity of time, through transitions and event-time transformations between the present of the story and its past events to create excitement and suspense. The senses are among the most prominent motivators that the author employed in the retrieval process to recall past situations and events.

Financial resources have contributed significantly to establishing the constants and foundations for building the economy of the Arab Islamic state. The financial resources obtained by the state were diversified. At the same time, the Islamic State was keen to monitor the management and organization of financial institutions and the means of disbursement, which contributed to providing the central treasury with large financial resources. Hence the importance of our study of financial resources through jurisprudence books. These books elaborated on economic aspects, knowledge of jurisprudential rulings, and historical aspects related to the life of the Islamic society at the time. All of this was a motivation for us to enter into the study of financial resources in Ibn Arafa's book Al-Mukhtasar Al-Fiqh. We have dealt with through research first the life of Ibn Arafa, and secondly the financial resources and the accompanying historical incidents. In writing the subject of the study, Ibn Arafa (d. 803 AH) talked about financial resources and what was legislated and approved by the Islamic economic approach in this regard.

Through this research, many important matters related to education in Turkey were discussed, especially during the government of Mustafa Kemal (1923-1938), if that government cared about the modernization and development of Turkey by introducing many reforms that contribute to the advancement of the Turkish reality in all aspects. Especially the educational aspect, so the government worked on a coup revolution that changed the content of the education system as it worked to develop the educational stages, so it began when enacting the law on education, which is the law of unifying education and making it in all its stages subject to one law, except that it is under the supervision of the Turkish Ministry of Education, and the interest increased in a very large way primary education, and transferring the budget of kindergarten schools to it in order to expand it, in addition to paying attention to secondary education, vocational and technical education and increasing its branches, as it was opened to all members of society, male and female, and interest in that education contributed to a significant increase in the numbers of its teaching staff and students, and therefore education received a clear importance during that period Which became the basis on which Turkey followed, and which the government considered to be the basis for Turkey's progress and joining it with the Western civilizational development, and then getting rid of the old Ottoman legacy, whose basis was religious based on the books and in a limited way that had no role in progress. As a result, the republic pushed for the modernization of the state and Then westernize it and advance it civilized and annex it to European countries.

The phenomenon of the spread of closed commercial centers (malls) is one of the most important emerging urban phenomena that deserves study in the city of Baquba at the present time, as these centers are a measure of progress and prosperity in the city, and these centers have affected the traditional patterns of other commercial facilities in the city. The population to commercial centers (malls), so the city of Baquba witnessed this change through the spread of these centers in separate neighborhoods, which led to the attraction of the population towards them, which called for a study of the spatial distribution of those centers and to know the extent to which this distribution is proportional to the area of the neighborhoods in the city and its population density. The city of Baquba from the poor spatial distribution of closed commercial centers (malls), and through the study we conclude that the closed commercial centers (malls) are a new and developed pattern for the revival and development of commercial use in the city and it appears in those centers competition for commercial services in one location, so this research turned to Analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of the spatial distribution of commercial centers in the city of Baquba, and it was found through the study that the pattern of spatial distribution of closed commercial centers (malls) in the city of Baquba tends to be random. To him the results of the research is that the spatial distribution of closed commercial centers (malls) in the city of Baquba is unfair in distribution and is characterized by randomness between the city's neighborhoods, which affected the emergence of several problems, including the problem of congestion and traffic jams in the streets in which these centers were concentrated.

The early beginnings of education in Emirates of the Trucial Coast of Oman were marked by simple initiatives preceding the establishment of formal system of education. These initial attempts emerged through the efforts of some enlightened individuals who used their homes to educate children of both genders. Most of the lessons provided to these children heavily relied on the knowledge possessed by volunteers before the advent of formal education. As the role of volunteers contributed to the emergence of institutionalized schools, supported by individuals, traders, and notably pearl merchants. These pearl merchants were keen on disseminating knowledge. The period from 1895 to 1945 A.D. was the earliest stage of educational development in these Emirates, largely propelled by volunteers in spreading this knowledge.

The shape of the state is one of the most important natural factors influencing its strength and political weight in international forums, as well as the cohesion of its parts and the interdependence of its population. A military force belonging to a country or an alliance outside its territorial borders, as the perforated state form is one of the forms of states that gives the impression at first glance that the perforating state is led by the perforated state, By virtue of the fact that the pierced country surrounds the pierced country’s territory from all four geographical sides, as the pierced country lives in a state of complete isolation from the outside world except through the pierced country’s lands, and in the case of the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Republic of South Africa, we find that there is fusion, balance, integration and integration between the two countries In terms of commercial dealings, political agreements, security understandings, blocs and international and political organizations, In addition to the agreements related to the export of water, on which the Republic of South Africa depends greatly, especially to the city of Johannesburg, as well as the export of agricultural products and in the field of mining and mutual financial transfers between the two countries, labor and diamond extraction, as well as good neighborly relations, mutual respect and non-interference in internal affairs or provocation The border problems between the two countries, which prompted the researcher to prove this good mutual relationship between the penetrating state (Kingdom of Lesotho) and the penetrating state (Republic of South Africa) in order to break the traditional view that looks at the penetrating country is often a state run by the penetrating state.

Swamps are considered one of the distinct geomorphological manifestations that appear in the form of shallow and flat depressions, which are usually close to the surface of the earth or the groundwater level and are covered with a salt crust. Sabkha lands arose in the region as a result of the combination of several geographical factors, such as the terrain represented by the presence of low lands in which rain and water collect The leakage from the Rose irrigation project that passes through the area next to these lands, then the high temperatures and the increase in the amounts of evaporation, and the proximity of groundwater to the surface, which led to the emergence of swampy lands in the region on both sides of the irrigation Rose project, Through this phenomenon, a group of geomorphological.

Swamps are considered one of the distinct geomorphological manifestations that appear in the form of shallow and flat depressions, which are usually close to the surface of the earth or the groundwater level and are covered with a salt crust. Sabkha lands arose in the region as a result of the combination of several geographical factors, such as the terrain represented by the presence of low lands in which rain and water collect The leakage from the Rose irrigation project that passes through the area next to these lands, then the high temperatures and the increase in the amounts of evaporation, and the proximity of groundwater to the surface, which led to the emergence of swampy lands in the region on both sides of the irrigation Rose project, Through this phenomenon, a group of geomorphological.

The current research aims to identify (Positive Illusions among Students at the Preparatory Stage). In order to achieve it the researchers constructed the scale of (Positive Illusions) according to the theory of Taylor and Brown (Taylor, 1988). The scale consisted of (30) items and the truthfulness of the scale and its stability were confirmed, as the correlation coefficient reached (0.79), and the Alpha-Cronbach stability reached the correlation coefficient (0.86). The sample consisted of (400) female students in the Preparatory stage. The research sample was selected by random stratified method with proportional distribution, and using the statistical program (SPSS), as statistical means to reach the following results: High level of positive illusions among preparatory school students. In the light of research results, it was concluded with suggestions and recommendations.

The aim of the current research is to study the behavior of social alienation and its relationship to academic achievement in distinguished schools and their peers in ordinary schools of the intermediate stage. Due to the different studies on the concept of social relations that each student within the particular group relates to with the category to which she belongs, the research problem has been determined in an attempt to identify the behavior of social alienation taken by some female students in their social relations and the extent of this related to their academic achievement and needs, and after applying this, the scale was applied to a sample of 250 students for both categories. The researcher used statistical methods such as the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the researcher concluded that female students in distinguished schools have a lower level of social alienation than a sample of female students in other regular schools.

The research aims to identify (The Impact of the Wall of Words Strategy on the Attainment and Taste of Literature among Fifth Literary Stage Students in the Rhetoric Lesson). To achieve the aims, the researcher has relied on an experimental design that lies in the field of experimental designs field with partial control and on a final test for the two groups of the research
Abstract According to the results, the researcher concluded the following:
1. The need for students to be aware of the wall of words strategy in terms of its importance, application, and teachers of other subjects.

2. The need to the diversify of teaching methods, and choose wall of word strategy according to students' tendencies, abilities, and according to the nature of the subjects.

3. The need for students to know modern strategies, including the strategy of the wall of words to deal with the largest amount of knowledge, which is reflected in their achievement.

David Livingston is considered one of the greatest explorers of the nineteenth century. His scouting and missionary trips changed the perception of the African continent and its people in European countries. During his travels, missionary stations were established to preach the Christian religion and suppress the slave trade. Livingstone made a series of important discoveries, such as exploring Lake Ngami and Victoria Falls. In addition, he undertook an epic journey from west to east of the African continent, exploring the great Zambezi River, then undertaking an expedition to explore the source of the Nile River, which ended with his death. Accordingly, his achievements necessitate an elaboration on his early life, his education, and the nature of the missionary training he received before embarking on the mission of exploration and missionary in the African continent.

The phenomenon of the shadow economy is one of the geopolitical issues with diverse and extremely complex dimensions in terms of its size, characteristics, causes, and consequent geopolitical repercussions, as the presence of the shadow economy does not distort the GDP data, but rather affects the various aspects of the economic activity of the Iraqi economy, and the phenomenon of the shadow economy It is one of the phenomena that exist in all the economies of the countries of the world, whether developed or developing, but in Iraq, its seriousness increased significantly, which caused serious problems represented in the spread of illegal businesses that do not enter into Gross domestic product such as currency smuggling, drug trade and money laundering. There are many geopolitical reasons that helped spread this phenomenon, represented in the low level of income, high level of taxes and administrative corruption. The shadow economy causes many geopolitical repercussions, which include disrupting productive projects and smuggling currency as well as Helps spread social problems and increase rates of corruptionand bribery.

The current research aims to identify: (The effect of the strategy of the proactive evidence on the achievement of the students of the second intermediate grade in the subject of Islamic history and the development of their self-confidence), the researcher followed the experimental design with two equal groups, the experimental and the control, with a pre- and post-test. The research sample is (60) students, with (30) students for the experimental group, and (30) students for the control group. The researcher rewarded the two research groups for some variables that he believes affect the results of the experiment, and these variables are (chronological age calculated in months, intelligence, and grades of the previous year). And the educational level of the parents) The researcher formulated behavioral goals for the scientific subject, and in the light of those goals he prepared (32) teaching plans for both groups. The results of the search resulted in the superiority of the experimental group in the achievement test. As a result of self-confidence and in the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

Energy plays an important role in human life by exploiting many of the resources it provides, but with the excessive exploitation of these sources such as oil and gas, it was threatened with depletion and was negatively reflected on the environment, which contributed to the human search for the development of clean and sustainable sources that are inexhaustible, such as sun, wind and water. World level by encouraging investment in it.
As for Iraq, like the rest of the other countries, it developed strategies in the long term to invest in new energy, although it was not at the required level, but it is trying hard to confront climate changes by starting to contract projects to convert energy into clean energy that is environmentally friendly. The research has reached several results, the most important of which is Our country, Iraq, enjoys the resources and capabilities of renewable energy due to its natural climatic characteristics, which makes it among the countries most fortunate to exploit it, the most important of which is the energy of the sun and wind, in addition to its dependence mainly on depleted energy sources such as oil and natural gas to meet its various requirements despite the establishment of some projects to produce renewable energy However, it did not see the light and did not meet his various aspirations in producing it.

This study investigates the use of loan blends between English and Arabic syllables in the plural form of Iraqi undergraduate students. The study was conducted with a sample of 25 (male and female) young volunteers aged (18-22) and 25 (male and female) old volunteers aged (35-60) undergraduate students from Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq. Lawshe’s Method (CVR) and Cohen’s Kappa Index (CKI) have been used to test the content and face validity of the pilot study procedures. After the data were collected, Lawshe’s Method (CVR) was used again to test the validity of the data analysis. The results of the study showed that the use of loan blends between English and Arabic syllables in the plural form is common among Iraqi undergraduate students. The study also showed that the use of loan blends between English and Arabic syllables in the plural form is associated with the use of informal language.

The present study focuses on analyzing the play Greek (1980) by British playwright Steven Berkoff (1937-) from a Marxist point of view. Berkoff himself was a Marxist during the period in which he wrote Greek, so Marxist themes are prevalent in his plays. Berkoff used theater as a platform to highlight the worst problems of the society of London during the 1970’s, and to show the kind of life that working-class people were living. Berkoff took the main plot points of the play from the ancient Greek play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, but modernized the setting and themes to resonate with modern audiences. The play used typical tropes from ancient Greek tragedies like the tragic hero and a disease that plagues the people.
The play tackles the biggest social problems at that time from the point of view of Berkoff. Since he was a Marxist, he critiqued the capitalist system that the working-class were living in. Berkoff also critiqued the working-class for being divided and not united against the system that oppresses them. 0The study concentrates on analyzing the Marxist identity of the characters of the play, and how it relates to their daily lives.

This study is conducted to investigate the interference of employing impoliteness strategies and breaking Grice’s maxims in political interviews of Bernie Sandars and Alexander Boris Johnson. The study aims to determine the influence power on types and number of employing impoliteness strategies in relation to violating Grice’s maxims and the reason behind employing specific impoliteness strategies by politicians and presenters. The study hypothesizes that 1) power influences the types and number of employing impoliteness strategies and violating Grice’s maxims, 2) politicians employ certain impoliteness strategies more than presenters do for specific political purposes, and 3) such employment is tightly connected with the violation of particular maxims. The selected data is analyzed under an eclectic model based on Culpeper’s (1996) and Grice’s (1979) theories. The results of the study show that power significantly influences the use of impoliteness strategies and adheres to conversational maxims by politicians. Politicians have exhibited a greater tendency to employ impoliteness strategies than presenters in both sets of interviews. Politicians show a greater tendency to use the negative impoliteness strategy than presenters do. This strategy is recognized as one that requires a significant degree of power to be effectively implemented. The reason behind employing specific impoliteness strategies and floating particular conversational maxims by politicians more than presenters is to carry out political goals.

The current study investigates the types of acceptance and its advantages in English sermons. The current study aims to determine the acceptance types used in English sermons and its advantages. To achieve the study's aims, the study follows several procedures: Presenting a theoretical survey about acceptance, showing its types and the advantages of them., choosing four texts from English sermons in order to be analyzed ,investigating the types of acceptance and it's advantages. Four texts were taken from English sermons were taken to be the current study's data. The data were analyzed following an adopted model. At the end of the study, it was found that Social and conditional types of acceptance are the most frequently used in the English sermons and the most widely used advantages were an increased potential for productive action and increased compassion and reduced blaming of others.

This study aims to analyze hybrid identity in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2003). The novel is concerned with individuals who are caught in the intricacies of globalization and immigration to new lands. The study makes an effort to present how hybridity is portrayed in the novel and how it impacts identity. It foregrounds the conflict of identity because of ideological differences and issues of adaptation, and acculturation in the global metropolis space. Also, the paper depicts the characters' lives in the novel, and how the cultural dislocation they experience, as a result of immigration, subjects them to actual identity tests and pressure while also providing them with opportunities for numerous and flexible identities. The early opposition the characters encounter and the people they come into contact with, in the environment in which they live, in many ways aid their development as autonomous individuals.