NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

Piperazine compounds mediate their anthelmintic action by generally paralyzing parasites, allowing the host body to easily remove or expel the invading organism. It is an anthelmintic drug in human as well as in veterinary medicine. This review article represent the various analytical methods which has been reported for estimation of piperazine. The colorimetric , spectrophotometric techniques and chromatographic methods like HPLC and RP HPLC, GC, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS and another methods were reported.

Arabidopsis thaliana plant has appeared as a promising model because it is self-fertilizing, which makes it preserve its characteristics and can produce thousands of seeds, which makes it ideal for conducting mutagenesis experiments. The identification of its selected traits is more clear because it has a relatively small genome. Also, the organization of the genome in it is simple and is especially suitable in genetic and biology experiments, as these plants represent small-sized and fast-rotating factories. The current study attempted to highlight the most important aspects and applications related to the use of this plant in various fields of biotechnology and to clarify its most important advantages.

Farmers with 10,000 years of age have been cultivating,wild plants by selecting and breeding for certain features. In the twentieth century, breeding became difficult, as the characteristics of the breeders selected include increased yield, disease and pest tolerance, drought resistance, etc. Traits are transferred from one generation to the next by genes made of DNA (Mariani et al., 1990). About 12,000 years ago, our predator-larger families started to try their hand at culturing. First, wild types of crops such as peas, barley and lentils were grown, and wild animals such as goats and wild oxen were collected. ... At the end of the day, they moved outward, extending farming to areas of Europe and Asia. Biotechnology typically involves a wide variety of technologies and methods for the production of useful facilities, living organisms. The incorporation of biotechnology to agriculture allows effective use of scarce resources, decreases required the pesticides and insecticides and increases productivity ( Vasey, 1992 ).

The aim of this study is to control the major Waxworm Galleria mellonella, pests that, cause damage to honeybee colonies due to feeding their larvae on wax combs using safe alternatives such as nanomaterials and biological control using spores of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria and the use of concentrations, , and cells/ml of D.W on the egg stage, and the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide in controlling the insect was tested using concentrations (5000,1000,500,100) ppm ,The practical study was conducted in the insect lab /Department of Biology/College of Education for Pure Sciences at Mosul University. The nanomaterials and bacterial spores used showed a significant effect in the incubation period, as the longest period was 17.667 days in zinc oxide at a concentration of 100 ppm, and the percentage of hatching was as low as 26,000% in bacterial spores at a concentration cells/ml and duration The larval and pupal stages and the mortality rate in them, where the longest period in the larval stage was 39.333 days in TiO2treatment at concentration 5000ppm, and the highest percentage of mortality was 82.1% in bacterial spores at concentration cells/ml in addition to the number of emerging insects and sexual ratio, as significant differences were shown between the treatments.

Nanotechnology acts as a means to combine different branches of sciences: medicine, pharmacy, engineering, biology, chemistry, agriculture, water desalination, energy storage, production, and conversion are optimal and most important use of nanotechnology as the production of solar cells and hydrogen fuel cells to reduce environmental pollution and diversity sources of energy consumption. The interest in studying nanomaterials and metallic particles is increasing, for instance gold and silver nanoparticles due to their mechanical, optical, electronic, magnetic, and high electrical conductivity properties, as well as the chemical properties and the large surface area regarding to the large size of the same material, leads to an increase in its toxic properties, when collected in huge numbers on the surfaces of cells, consequently to inhibit and kill pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Manufacture of nanomaterials that use some plants (biosynthesis) to reduce their hazards to the humans and environment and reduce the costs of extracting process which is called a green synthesis.

One of the most prevalent and recurring bacterial diseases in kids is urinary tract infections (UTI). At least 8% of girls and 2% of boys are thought to suffer UTIs as children. The fungi are often linked to UTIs, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns change over time and across various environments. To choose the best empirical antimicrobial therapy, it is crucial to understand the trends of uropathogenic antibiotic resistance in certain geographic areas. Therefore, this research assesses the causal organisms in urine samples and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among patients who visit Mosul's general outpatient department clinic. Due to space restrictions, our research primarily focused on fungus-related UTIs in children (2–12) years old. . Adult infections, reflux nephropathy, catheter-associated and nosocomial infections, medication assessment for particular antimicrobials, and viral and rickettsial infections are only a few examples of the subjects covered. The study intends to close a gap in the literature about how candiduria manifests in pediatric inpatients and outpatients. The current study's objective was to ascertain the prevalence of candiduria among kids visiting External laboratories in Mosul, Iraq. Additionally, isolates' sensitivity to several antifungal medications was taken into consideration.