Journal of University of Babylon

Among the benefits reported by the Iraqi narrative discourse is the feminist discourse that emerged because of the aggravation of the male discourse and the resulting marginalization and exclusion of women, and that it did not represent a topic of interest or vision that is obligatory to listen. Therefore, the woman tried to prove her active presence in society and literature alike through spreading her literary and artistic ideas to prove her objectivity and her ability to address the problems of society or give a different culture through the process of literary creativity.
In spite of the influence of the eastern center, which is prevailed by tribal norms, women managed to achieve their creative subjectivity influencing both Iraqi thought and literature, as in the three novels in the field of research. The Iraqi woman, through her representations in the narratives, tries to eliminate all criteria of differentiation between her and the man, as she possesses the determination and ability that the man possesses in various aspects of life.

The historical criticism of Arab Muslim historians is one of the topics of interest to scholars in the modern era. This study, which focuses on the historical criticism of al-Sabki in his book "The Tiers of the Great Shafa'i", is to use the criticism of the translator. To issue a ruling in the man and the statement of the case of a wound or an amendment, and this is mostly in the opinion of trusts and personal impressions of him and likely one of them or respond to them if the translator is not the people of his time, while those who are the current opinion is the basis, and was divided into several axes, The first is to talk about biography And the second axis criticism of men, in terms of the scientific status of the translation and issuance of judgments and assessments related to the translator and finally: Criticism of novels, and dealt with the board of novels, and stood on some of the position of the critical critic denied or likely what he sees right.

The research aims to identify the effect of constructive play and the extent of its effect on the development of creative thinking of kindergarten children. The research sample consists of (10) boys and girls between (5-6) years old, chosen from the Karama State Kindergarten in Babylon Governorate Center. A pre-test/ post-test experimental design is used for the experimental group (n = 5), and control group (n = 5). A follow-up test is also used with the experimental group. To achieve the research objectives, an educational program based on constructive play is prepared for this purpose, and the TCT-DP "Drawing Production" test for creative thinking is used. The research has found that there are statistically significant differences in the means of the rank degrees of creative thinking between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, and there are no statistically significant differences between the means of the rank degrees of post-application and the follow-up application of the experimental group in creative thinking. Drawing on these results, it is concluded that the educational program used in the current research has a successful effect on developing creative thinking among kindergarten children recommending its use in kindergartens in addition to the comprehensive experience unit curriculum.

The research tries to identify the expressions used by Sibawayh that were not originally used by the Arabs. Representation occupies a large room in Sibawayh’s book. It is the most prominent tool on which Sibawayh relies on explaining its grammatical rulings. It is noticeable that he did not limit his representation to what the Arabs spoke, but went beyond it to what it did not speak, and explicitly referred in many places to this type of representation, and by this he introduced linguistic models that had no chance in Arab usage, driven by the main goal of representation. It is the clarification of the more eloquent linguistic style, and separating it from other linguistic patterns, such as whether it is below the first in eloquence, ugly, or impermissible, or melodic, or specific to poetry without others, and so on. Sibawayh mentioned specific representations in many places in his book, describing them as something that the Arabs did not speak, and perhaps he described his representations that the Arabs did not speak in other terms. As if saying: It is something that is not permissible in the Arabic tongue, or it is ugly, or impossible, or not straight, or so on.

يتناول هذا البحث الروايات المفسرة لأَسْمَاء البَارِي (عزَّ وجَلَّ) وقد تضمن ثلاثة مباحث, يتناول الأَوَّلُ منها الروايات المفسرة للاسم عينه والثَّاني الروايات المفسرة للمخصِّص الوصفي والثَّالث للروايات المفسرة للمخصِّص الإضافي. وتأْتي قيمة هذه الدِّراسة بكونها دراسة عن التَّفسير بالأَثر على وَفْقِ المنهج الأَثريّ، على طبق قاعدة تفسير القُرآن برواية أَهل البيت عليهم السَّلام. وقد كشف البحث عن تفسير الحروف لأَسماء الباري (عزَّ وجَلَّ)، وهذا اللَّون من التَّفسير من مختصَّات المعصوم (عليه السَّلام) وهو يكون مقبولًا طالما لا يوجد ما يعارضه من المحكم القرآنيّ، على مستوى النَّصِّ، او على مستوى الظَّاهر من جهةٍ، ولا يوجد ما يعارضه من العقل من جهة أُخرى. وتكشف هذه الدِّراسة عن معاني أَسماء الباري (جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ) الَّتي هي من جنس التَّفسير الظَّاهر. والبحث بطبيعته لم يكن مقارنًا، إِلَّا أَنَّه وقف على أَقوال المفسِّرينَ؛ ليكشف عن أّثر التَّفسير الرِّوائيّ في نتاج المفسِّرينَ. وقد اعتنيْنَا بـالسَّند لهذه الرِّوايات المفسِّرة لأَسماء الباري (جَلَّ جَلَالهُ).

This research deals with a new topic that can be summarized in the following question: "How is the narrative system dismantled in contemporary cinema?" The objectives of the research are embodied in uncovering the relationships between the narrative story system and the mechanism of deconstructing narrative structures, leading to the unity of the subject in the cinematic story. The research, then, defines deconstructive terms, theses and aesthetic concepts, as well as presenting the focus of narration and personality, narrative structures in contemporary narration, and experimental techniques in contemporary cinema.
The research adopts the descriptive and analytical approach to deal with director Quentin Tarantino's films, focusing on "Jackie Brown" as a sample. Among the most prominent results of the research:
1- The disjointed narrative sections are formed in the form of a chronological structure without relying on the sequence of events, but rather on the idea of their regularity within a specific pattern.
2- The film relied on the meaningful structure according to the pattern of overlapping sections in terms of their spatial construction.
3- The director used the sound effects effectively to make transitions between the structure of the disjointed scene.
4- Use music to emphasize the transition between the temporal stages of the same event, where he used specific music to represent the same period of time.
He drew conclusions from them:
1- The ability of cinematic art to construct time in a complex way by creating more than one complex level that overlap with each other to create the unity of the subject.
2- Using the audio tape to confirm the movements in the mind of the spectator through its appropriate use.
3- Flexibility to use the place in the cinema by changing the parameters of the place with the movement of the camera.

The topic of Hygienic Education today is considered a major focus in providing health awareness to individuals in developed societies. But in Arab societies, the concept is nothing more than a mere ink on paper, and the reason for all this is the lack of communication between the fields and fields of social and health institutions. Which has made this concept a major criterion for expanding individuals' health awareness and awareness of the importance of health, knowing what harms them and what they understand from health information related to areas of the body, as researchers in the field of medical sociology see that the individual’s awareness in our time is characterized by a weakness in the knowledge of health areas, This is due to an environment, culture and education that does not encourage individuals to adhere to what we know about healthy culture.

Rokn Eddine Ibn Mahrez el Wahrani (d. 575 h) adopted genuinely a new approach in the art of Dreams (manamet). The newly set up approach seemingly appeared similar to the artistic mode (maqamet) that was prevailing in the fourth 4th century Hegira. However, it was featured with a variety of traits among which vision, method, and style.
El Wahrani’s art of dreams belongs to vision literature genre whose scope covers the spectrum of dreams and sleeping; in this vision, time broke down and eventually vanished. These dreams are uncluttered to the various cultural, esthetic, stylistic, political, social, and lunatic popular cultural aspects.
Concerning style, El Wahrani went beyond the constraint boundaries of contemporary writing style that was dominantly featured by artistic imagery and figurative style; rather, he employed in his artistic performances irony and satire as tools to castigate the cultural and social realities of that time. Hence, the present study tries to answer the inquiries below: What are the distinctive features of the big dreams (manamet) of el-Wahrani when assimilated to prevailing art of that time? And how did these constructions reflect social realities?

The research deals with determining the attitudes of state employees towards the application of the law, as the research is considered a descriptive and analytical studies, so the researcher used in it the social survey method. Babylon's number (504) is divided into (150) female employees and (354) employees, and for this reason, a simple random sample was chosen as it corresponds to the study population. (115) questionnaires were distributed, and the number of respondents was (102) divided by gender into (75) males and (27) females, and the search took a period of time extending from (2/15/2019 to 4/20/2019) and it reached many Among the results, the most important of which is that (66.7%) of the employees showed their confidence in the law, as it is the most prominent guarantor of their lives and property, while (15.7%) their answers were hesitant towards that, while (17.6%) their answers were rejected. It was also found that one of the most important reasons for not applying the law is the weakness of the judicial and executive authority. This was confirmed by (72.5%) of the employees, while (19.6%) their answers were hesitant towards that. As for those who refused, their percentage reached (6.9%) of the employees. The study found that individuals ’lack of awareness of the extent of the importance of adhering to law enforcement is the main reason for the occurrence of chaos, as (58.9%) of the employees confirmed this, while employees who responded to the rejection constituted (25.4%).

This research aims to identify the manifestations of the principle of pluralism in the interactive processes between the different cultural groups within one framework. The research defines the processes of social interaction that are projected on the principle of pluralism to know whether pluralism has an impact on those processes; namely representation, competition, conflict, and consensus. The study finds that the representation of values and customs do not occur between groups but within each group separately and that pluralism, with the addition of some factors such as the sectarian continuum, becomes an important factor in the conflict. Thus, pluralism is found to be a major influence in the competition on the level of place, status, and empowerment in any competition. Therefore, the displacement of a certain group has been the result of competition for place and the intensity of ethnic discourse has been the result of competition for status. The competition in economics, on the other hand, has been an important factor in preventing conflict, for groups to participate in, and maintain the economy. Preventing conflict also led to the existence of a state of consensus that produced what we may call “avoidance mechanism” which may appear at first glance a positive factor or a positive result of interaction, but it is actually close to returning conflict if it is penetrated by the sectarian communicator.

Agricultural tourism is a new phenomenon that requires research, study and reflection because of its impact on achieving development. Agricultural tourism is characterized by its ability to advance the national economy. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope of agricultural tourism with what any region in the world possesses of various natural or human characteristics in developing tourism in that region and investing it within this process by preparing tourism programs that depend on choosing distinctive tourist sites that have the ability to attract tourism. Karbala governorate possesses large natural and human resources and qualifications that can be invested in developing agricultural tourism in Karbala governorate, if invested properly, its economic gain will be great. Thus, this study aims to know the importance and objectives of agricultural tourism and to know the availability of natural and human resources for the advancement and development of agricultural tourism in the study area. The research also tackles the geographical distribution of the elements of attraction for agricultural areas in Karbala governorate that can be invested in tourist attractions.

The concept of the symbol is one of the activities of human thought which has been used since ancient times to express thoughts, feelings and habits. The artist reflects his feelings and thoughts on these symbolic products or structures, and reflects the ideas of the social group with which (s)he is associated. Thus, this research aims to reveal the use of the symbol in the achievements of Alaa Bashir, the artist. The study is limited to studying the artistic products of Alaa Bashir between 1988 and 2007. The theoretical part of the study consists of three topics, the first of which is devoted to the concept of the symbol; the second to symbolism in art, and the third to the conceptual and aesthetic dimensions of Alaa Bashir's work. The theoretical part is concluded with the indicators that formed the tool of research test.
As for the research procedures, the research community included 160 drawing and sculpture artworks, only four works are intentionally chosen for the research sample to meet the research objective. The study concludes that Alaa Bashir's avoids representing reality and that his emphasis lies on everything that is symbolic. The research also found that Alaa Bashir’s symbols are inseparable from the collective unconscious, as they are loaded with large expressive potentials.

Nowadays there are progressing trends in language testing and assessment fields to consider Washback as one of the basic principles of the assessment process that has indirect impacts on any teaching programme. It is an important term that indicates the positive or the negative test impacts on the language learners, the instructors as well as all the elements that combine together and lead the teaching –learning processes. The researcher in the current study has collected a primary data for answering the research questions and testing the hypothesis through the application of a questionnaire survey which was filled up by forty students of English language department who were randomly chosen from the third grade to introduce their feedback on the washback of any test they have gone through it during their educational programme. Interviews with English language instructors of the same grades were other means for gathering data in this study. The analyzed collected data indicate hat testing process is more than just scoring process for the students’ answers in a test and evaluating their linguistic competence. Also the results explain that most of the instructors are in need to be more skillful in the construction process of the test through selection of the accurate formats in their tests that assess the relevant developed different language elements and improved linguistic skills.

This research deals with the aesthetic transformations of the mythical forms in the pottery of Iraq and the extent to which the arts were influenced by them during the ancient Babylonian era, which appeared in a variety of artistic styles in terms of form and subject, due to what these carvings and shapes bear in terms of constructive systems and intellectual loads. The researcher unveiled the depiction of these shapes and carvings for the specialty and the sculptures that carried aesthetic transformations. The research problem is summarized in the transformations occurring to mythical forms by the nature of the artwork and the extent to which the arts were affected by them during the ancient Babylonian era. The research aims to identify the aesthetic transformations of mythical forms in the pottery of ancient Iraq during the ancient Babylonian era from 2004 to 1500 BC. Then the research defined the concept of aesthetic transformations, the ancient mythical thought, and the diversities of the art of ancient Iraq. Four intentional samples were chosen, which the researcher concluded after analyzing that the mythical and feminine sculptures of the ancient Babylonian era were naked. The artist tried here to confirm the symmetry of the organs, the disappearance of a glimpse of femininity on them, and the statement of the charms that characterize the female body. Some mythical scenes were also depicted on the ancient Iraqi clay tablets, in a kind of strange way, so that it came out in a realistic way and took a mythical character.

The present study scrutinizes the relationship between language and identity in the sense that the use of language reflects one or more of identity various dimensions. More specifically, the study is concerned with how women are identified in the British women proverbs and the way in which language is used to portray women representation and status in the British culture. Investigating the way in which individuals, including women themselves, intend to represent or identify women is principally the focus of the present study. Therefore, a number of selected British women proverbs has been analyzed from a sociolinguistic perspective adopting an eclectic model of analysis integrating Hymes\' Anthropology of Communication, Zimmerman\'s classification of identity, and Bucholtz and Hall\'s Relational principle. The analyzed proverbs are picked up from written sources and references citing their use in real communicative contexts.