Journal of Medical and Industrial Plant Sciences

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, and some plant extracts some factors on growth indicators and stimulating cardiac glycosides in digitalis leaves, in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad from 10-2-2022 to 6-1-2023. Branch cultures of the digitalis plant were obtained from planting the 1 cm length shoot tips, grown from sterilized seeds cultured in MS medium provided with 0.5 mg.L-1 of BA. After obtaining a sufficient number of vegetative branches by proliferating them more than once, they were cultured in MS medium provided with salicylic acid at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg.L-1, ginger extract at the concentrations of 0, 3, 5 and 7 g.L-1, and black pepper extract at the concentrations of 0, 3,5, and 7 g.L-1 as independent experiments. The results showed that salicylic acid concentration was superior 3mg.L-1 was significantly superior in the number of branches, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, and the cardiac digoxin, reordering 2.67 branches.plant-1, 0.467cm, 9.67 leaves.plant-1, 1.328 g, 0.879 g., 1.376 mg, and 28.48 µg.g-1; and the treatment of ginger extract at a concentration of 5 gm l-1 and black pepper extract at a concentration of 3 gm l-1 was significantly superior separately in same traits, attaining 4.33 branches.plant-1, 14.43 leaves.plant-1, 1.567 g, 0.823 g, 1.497mg, and 29.32 µg.g-1 for ginger extract; and 2.133 branches.plant-1, 1,243 cm, 14.99 leaves.plant-1, 1.174 g, 0.659 g, 0.855 g.100 g-1fresh weight, and 29.66 µg.g-1 for black pepper extract, respectively.

An experiment was conducted at the Research field Station of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit for the winter season of 2023-2024, to study the influence of spraying salicylic acid and zinc on beans (Vicia faba L.) growth. The factors of the experiment included spraying the bean plants with salicylic acid with a concentration level of 100, and 150 mg L-1 and control treatment. The second treatment factor was spraying with zinc at a concentration level of 100 mg L-1 and the control treatment. The experiment design was applied according to the complete randomized block design system with three replicates, and the averages were compared according to Duncan\\\\\\\\'s multiple-nominal test at a probability level of 0.05. outcomes appear that the spray treatments with salicylic acid 100 and 150 mg L-1 did not significantly different in all studied traits except for the trait of plant height and leaf area, in which the concentration level exceeded 150 mg L-1, and reached 3.93 cm, 2252.17 cm2 per plant, respectively. As for the spray treatment with zinc at a concentration level of 100 mg L-1, it was significantly superior in the traits of plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf content of chlorophyll, and reached 49.11 cm, 4.93 branch plant-1, 37.96 leaf plant-1, 2352.44 cm2 plant-1, 48.16 spad, respectively. As for the two-way interaction, the spray treatment with salicylic acid at 150 mg L-1 and the spray treatment with zinc at 100 mg L-1 were superior. In the traits of plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf area, and leaf content of chlorophyll, they reached 52.36 cm, 5.90 branch plant-1, 41.46 leaves plant-1, 2969.00 cm2 plant-1, 51.00 spad respectively, while the lowest averages were recorded for the control treatment. the interaction between the spray treatments with salicylic acid and zinc 150 mg L-1 recorded the highest average for the traits, amounting to 52.63 cm for the Plant height, 2969.00 cm2 for leaf area, and 51.00. SPAD average of chlorophyll, 41.46 leaves for the number of leaves trait, and 5.90, branch for number of branches per plant.

To minimize salt stress effect on soybean growth and yield using foliar application of kinetin, an experiment applied in Field Crops Research Station, Tikrit University. Two type of water (river and well), two application of kinetin (kinetin and without kinetin), and four soybean cultivars (Shaima, Laura, Dee and Lee) were used. The Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) arranged with spilt plot. The leaf area and leaf area index were calculated 80 days after planting (DAP). At the end of the season, the plant height, dry weight, and yield were calculated. The results showed that the effect of type of water, kinetin, and cultivars and the interaction among those factors were significantly affected the soybean traits. Watering soybean with river water increased leaf area and leaf area index 17%, plant height 12%, dry weight 30%, 100 seed weight 16%, and yield 17% comparison with soybean irrigated with well water. Soybean treated with kinetin increased leaf area and leaf area index 18%, plant height 14%, dry weight 12%, 100 seeds weight 10%, and yield 19% compared without kinetin. Shaima cultivar was higher in most of measured traits. The outcome of this study might be beneficial for the soybean farmers in Tikrit city area.

The experiment was conducted in the summer season of 2023 in the Hawija Directorate / Kirkuk governorate to study the effect of genotypes ( black hit, red hit, Arab, Sudanese 3 ) and spraying with different concentrations of acid(zero and glutamic 250 mg bit+1, potassium element 600 mg bit+1 and glutamic 250 mg bit+1 +potassium 600 mg bit+1) in the growth, substance of the genotypes of randomization complete block design with three repetitions, each contains 16 experimental units, the area of each experimental unit is 2 * 2 m with a total of 48 experimental units, the results of statistical analysis showed significant differences in all studied traits. The genotype of black hit exceeded most of the growth characteristics, including plant height (169) cm, number of branches (28.16) plant-1, leaf area (23061.04) cm2 leaf area and leaf directory (9.23) and chlorophyll a +b content in leaves (28.81) mg-1. The combination of glutamic 250 MML+1 +potassium element 600 MML+1 was significantly superior in all growth qualities, including the number of days from planting to 50% flowering (184.57%) days recipe number of days from planting to full maturity (214.86)days recipe plant height (180.66)CM recipe number of branches (29.54)branch leaf area recipe (23728.78)cm2 and leaf area guide recipe (9.48) cm2 Recipe sheet content of chlorophyll WA+B (22.49)mg-1. As for the interference of the genotype and the synthesis of clotamic acid and the potassium element, the combination of the genotype (hit black ) with clotamic acid and the potassium element (250+600mg per liter+1) exceeded in most of the characteristics of growth and genotype (arabib with the clotamic combination 250mg per liter+1 +potassium element 600mg per liter+1) in the character of chlorophylla content, the genotype (sudan3 with synthesis of glutamic 250mg per liter+1 +element potassium 600mg per liter+1) in the character of plant height.

The study was conducted during the 2023-2024 agricultural season in Nineveh Governorate, Tel Kaif District, Wannah location according to latitude and longitude (36.535916, 42.764820), located 60 km north of Mosul city center. The objective was to Evaluation of interaction effect of some herbicides and di ammonium phosphate application on growth and yield of wheat. The study included two factors: the first, Fertilization: Ground DAP fertilizer (18:46:0) applied once at planting, and Foliar DAP fertilizer (18:46:0) applied twice, first (Zadoks scale 17) 24/12/2023 and second (Zadoks scale 25) on 12/2/2024. The second: (Control, Timeline Trion EC , Atlantis OD , Pallas OD , Discipline OD , Axial 050 EC + U46-Combi fluid 6 SL(Mix) and Totic 10 EC + U46-Combi fluid 6 SL(Mix).
The Planting was conducted in the experimental field on 26/11/2022 using the Babel 113 variety. The experiment was applied according to the international experiments system and designed based on the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. Results showed following
Foliar fertilization excelled in reducing the density and weight of weeds, recording (16.84 weeds.m-2 and 17.21 g.m-2) compared to soil fertilization. However, there were no significant differences between the fertilizers in all yield traits except for plant height, where soil fertilization outperformed foliar fertilization, recording 94.49 cm. The herbicide Discipline, (Mix) Axial+U46, and (Mix) Totic+U46 excelled in reducing the density and weight of weeds, recording (12.70, 13.48, and 13.16 weeds.m-2 and 12.11, 13.33, and 12.55 g.m-2) respectively. Additionally, the herbicide Discipline and (Mix) Totic+U46 excelled in the traits of the number of spikes and grain yield, recording (613.71 and 603.21 spikes.m-2 and 901.25 and 907.42 g.m-2).

This research was carried out to assess the allelopathic activity (Aloe vera) aqueous leaf gel extracts on seed germination and some seedling growth parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and black mustard (Brassica nigra). The aqueous extract was added by five concentration levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) to 20 crops and weed seeds species in sterilized petri dish for 10 days at 22°C. The experiment as arranged out completely randomized design. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify and determine bioactive compound in the leaf gel. The findings showed that increasing concentrations from 5% to 20 % of aqueous extracts of Aloe vera leaf gel significantly reduced seed germination, germination speed, (radical, plumule, and seedling length) and (radicle, plumule and seedling dry weight) of all plant species. Whereas, according to the results increasing concentration levels from 5% to 20 % significantly increased inhibition of seed germination percentage, radicle, plumule and seedling growth inhibition. The outcomes revealed that the effects were concentration dependent. Some phenolic compounds such as Palmitic acid, Folic acid, linoleic, Stearic acid, Lauric acid and Myristic acid were profiled in Aloe vera leaf gel\\'s aqueous extract by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The study\\'s outcomes suggest that Aloe vera leaf gel\\'s aqueous extract could perform as bioherbicide for managing some weeds and supporting sustainable agriculture practices thereby reducing reliance on chemical herbicide.

The field experiment was conducted at this study at Grdarasha field of College of Agriculture engineering scinces Salahaddin University-Erbil Government Kurdistan Region- Iraq during summer growing season 2024, to investigate the effect of difference tillage on machinery performance, growth and yield of two variety of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Three repetitions and a Split Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were used to set up the experiment. The first factors include two difference of tillage: Moldboard plow (A1) and Disc plow (A2), the second factors included two sunflower variety: (Pshdar C1) (Erbil C2), the third factor included two different depths planting (3cm B1), (6cm B2). In more experimental characteristics, the disc plough clearly outperformed the moldboard plough when tilling the soil, in terms of Actual field capacity, fuel consumption, slippage and forward speed. The disc plow recorded maximum value of speed (3.80 km h-1), slippage percentage (13%), and field capacity (0.42 ha h-1), the minimum fuel consumption (32.43 L ha-1), while moldboard plow recorded maximum value of speed (3.30 km h-1), slippage percentage (27.10%), and field capacity (0.50 hr-1 ha), the minimum fuel consumption (37.91 L ha-1). The difference tillage were significant affected on some growth and yield parameters; moldboard plow (A1) and disc plow (A2) The results of the total yield recorded a significant superiority in soil plowing with the disc plow over soil plowing with the (A2) its (3.975 t ha-1)but in (A1) its (3.082 t ha-1).The highest value of plant height (181.84cm) in (A1) but in (A2) its (193.46cm), leaf area (391.82cm) in (A1), but in (A2) its (429.69cm), and sound seed of weight/head (46.23g) in (A1) but in (A2) its (59.63g), head diameter in (A1) its (16.20cm) but in (A2) its (18.40cm). No. of seed/head in (A1= 799.7), but in (A2=858.2).

In two stages (30–45 DAS and 45–60 DAS), the study assessed the growth of cowpeas and sunflowers in Qushtappa and Ankawa under various intercropping ratios (4SF:1CP, 4SF:2CP, 4SF:3CP, and 4SF:4CP) and cover types (exposed or mulched). The results indicated that locations, cover types, and intercropping ratios had a substantial impact. With more main stem nodes and faster rates of leaf growth, mulched plots fared better overall, particularly in later growth stages. Early growth stages were dominated by exposed plots, however later growth stages saw higher yields from mulched plots. Different cover types and intercropping ratios resulted in different cowpea leaf growth rates and seed yields. Although sunflower seed weight increased in all scenarios, mulched plots frequently had better seed yields and counts per head, especially in higher cowpea fractions. In general, location, ratio of intercropping, and early growth stages were dominated by exposed plots, however later growth stages saw higher yields from mulched plots. Different cover types and intercropping ratios resulted in different cowpea leaf growth rates and seed yields. Although sunflower seed weight increased in all scenarios, mulched plots frequently had better seed yields and counts per head, especially in higher cowpea fractions. All things considered, growth and yield results were highly impacted by location, intercropping ratio, and cover type.