Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research

The results of this study showed the ability of fungus Fusarium equiseti
to cause infection on the date palm leaves inoculated with the fungus, and
to the ability to infect all cultivars of date palm . showed that the Halawii
and Sayer cultivars were the most sensitive to the articial infection
compared to other cultivars, Sayer cultivar the highest rate of the
development of infection reached to 42.66 mm, followed by Halawii
cultivar at a rate of 40.66 mm and a lower rate of infection was noticed in
Berhi cultivar as infection rate was 30.66 mm. The also study revealed
that F.equiseti has an ability to produce cellulase and phenol oxidase,the
enzymatic space reached to 5.6 and 6.3 mm respectively . Also it was
showed that the bio agent Trichoderma harzianum was the most active in
inhibition of the growth of pathogenic F.equiseti on PDA, the inhibition
percentage reached to 68.11%.

The present study has been performed to survey number of date palm orchards
at Al- Hartha and Shaat - Alarab areas :for the date palm offshoots decline disease as well
as identify the potential pathogens ,The percentage of infection was found to be 17 and
34%at AL-Hartha and Shaat –AL-Arab respectively ,different fungal species have been
isolated ,Most frequent fungi were as follow : Fusarium moniliforme ;Chalaropsis
radicicola ;Thielaviopsis paradoxa and F.oxysporum respectively .Pathogenecity result
analysis revealed the pathogenic ability of F.moniliforme which reported the values of
55 and 40% ,as infection percent for AL.hartha and shaat .ALarab isolate respectively
.Antegonistic test showed the inhibition efficiency of bacterium Bacillus subtilis and
salicylic acid (0.8mM) on PDA and reported 100 and 83.2% respectively .Green house
experiment results elucidated the inhibition efficiency of both bacterial bioagent B.subtilis
and SA in reducing the pathogensis affects of F.moniliforme on date palm , the infection
percent was26.76% compared to pathogen treatment (untreated) which was 66.67% .All
growth parameters were fresh and dry weight of date palm shoot and root system and
total chlorophyll content at both B.subtilis and SA combination were significantly
increased compared to control (untreated) treatment.

The present study has been conducted in Shaat_al-Areb area of Basra
governorate during the cultivation season of 2014 to evaluate the effect of
some bio insecticides including Oxymatrine, Bacillus thuringiensis and
Trichoderma harzianum , as well as , the parasitoid Bracon hebetor .
Results revealed the strong effect of Oxymatrine, Bacillus thuringiensis
and Trichoderma harzianum on both the larvae of lesser moth and the adults
of parasitoid with averages of mortality 97.6% and 96.1% , respectively,
while. The lowest percentages of mortality were observed 42.6% and 8.5%
the larvae of the lesser moth and adults of parasitoid B. hebetor Field trail
explained the synergistic effect of the combination between the parasitoid and insecticides in reducing the infestation percentage of date palm by lesser
moth insect; the lowest percentage was recorded at the treatment of
oxymatrin and the parasitoid B. hebetor on date palm fruits, compared with
10.3% of control treatmen̓ t the lowest fruit drop percentage was 11.5% at the
treatment of oxymatrin and parasitoid compared to control treatment which
was 24.5% .

The present study has been conducted to define any adverse consequences of
different plant auxins including 2, 4-D; NAA and Dicamba on the cells of date palm
procallus of Hillawii cv. Cross anatomical sections has been performed on procallus
cells produced by these auxin treatments. Results revealed the significant damages
which caused by 2, 4-D at high concentration (100 mg/ l), these damages were evident
by dense distribution patterns of tannin compounds across the whole tissues.These
patterns were accompanied with a severe and high percentage of browning (80 %) for
examined procallus, compared with the same auxin at low concentration (50 mg/ l),
which showed a restricted distribution pattern of tannin compounds beneath epidermal
cells, hence, all the examined procallus of this treatment were healthy with no
browning phenomenon, followed by the treatments of NAA and Dicamba.
Additionally, our results explained that the treatment of 2, 4-D at high concentration
(100 mg/ l) led to an evident histological change of examined procallus, the thickness
of parenchyma tissue cells were increased, both length and width were reached the
averages of 77 and 52 µm, respectively, this increase was accompanied with a
reduction in the cell number which was 653 cells, compared with what were observed
at low concentration of 2, 4-D (50 mg/ l) which reported the number of cells 671.5
cells, and a size of 57.5 and 42.5 µm, respectively. It's noteworthy that the treatment
of 2, 4-D at 100 mg/ l led to reduce the thickness of epidermal cells which found to be
27.5 µm, in comparison with 37.5; 35 and 37.5 µm in 2, 4-D (50 mg/ l); NAA and
Dicamba, respectively

The present study was conducted on date palm fruits, cvs. Barhi and Bream
during the growing season 2014. The aim of the study was to investigate
effects of spraying chitosan at the concentrations of 0% , 1% , 2% on yield
and some physical , chemical and physiological characteristics of fruits.
The experiment included 9 trees for both cvs. Complete Randomized Block
Design was used with three replicates . The results were analyzed by the
analysis of variance of factorial experiment and mean values were compared
using the Revised Least Significant Difference Test at 0.05 probability level
.The results of study showed significant effect of spraying chitosan at the
concentrations of 2% on the most of the studied parameters (length ,
diameter , fresh weight , size of fruits , yield , water content, total acidty and
yield in addition to delay the ripening of fruits for both cvs. Untreated fruits
retain the highest percentage of total soluble solids , total sugars , reducing
sugars and total protein. Invertase and cellulase activities decreased in fruits
treated with chitosan as compared with untreated fruits which recorded the
highest activity of invertase and cellulase for both cvs.