Kirkuk Journal of Science

The aim of our study is to investigate the activity of crude extract of Cordia
myxia in lowering the high levels of total serum cholesterol in healthy and
Hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
The result reported here was showed that the oral treatment with the crude extract
of Cordia myxia in concentration of 100mg /ml and therapeutic dose of 5ml/kg/day
for four weaks reduced significantly (P < 0.001) the serum total cholesterol level from
( 491.07± 28.85 ) to ( 278.51± 26.98 ) mg/100ml. While no

The Boltzmann transport equation is used to calculate the electron energy
distribution function (EEDF) and the transport parameters in pure Xe, He and their
mixtures. The electron swarm parameters are evaluated in the range (
18 15 1 10 / 2 10  
  E N  
) V.cm2
. These parameters namely are: mean electron
energy and drift velocity. The calculated distribution function is found to be remarked
non-Maxwillian that has energy variations which reflect the import electron-molecule
energy exchange processes.

Objective of this research to obtain bacteria Streptomyces that have highefficiency in the decomposition of hydrocarbon waste. Samples of soil were taken
from different area with high pollution, like Ramadi, Baiji and Daura. We have
obtained 9 isolates of bacteria Streptomyces the results showed that the isolate
Streptomyces spp M3 have high-efficiency in the decomposition of hydrocarbons
residues, so we have studied the morphological and physiological characters of this
isolate by studying some Biochemical tests and its ability to decompose the
hydrocarbon wastes through growth on liquid culture media containing hydrocarbon
wastes as Carbon source , we were found that it has high capacity to have a high
decomposition for hydrocarbons when grow in the test culture media 4 containing 6
ml of the hydrocarbon residue and 1 g of starch as a Carbone source, and were able to
grow very well in the test media 2,3,5,6 and 7 that containing hydrocarbons residues
as carbon source, also able to grow in the test media 10 that containing 15 ml of
hydrocarbons only as a Carbone source. We conclude that this isolate can be use to
decrease the pollution caused by hydrocarbons residues because it has high ability to
utilized these residues as carbon source.

The project is concerned with the preparation of four imines derived from
salicylaldehyde with some aromatic primary amines, namely, o,m and p–phenylene
diamine.These imines were identified by physical means available, namely the
melting points, UV and IR spectra . The study led to the investigation of intra and
inter molecular hydrogen bondings in these imines . Finally, the influence of
intermolecular hydrogen bonding on association (polymerziation) in imines was
included and its effect on the melting points of imines was also discussed .

The present study includes the test of the decreasing activity for the watery
and alchoholic extract of Punica granatum on the growth of some clinical samples
which can attack humans, using paper disc technology with (2.5,5,7.5,10,15,20)mg/ml
respectively. also it used the antibiotech cefotaxime to compare as a control sample .
results refer to the highest impact of the watery extract against both Pseudomonas
aeroginosa , Streptococcus pyogens , Escherichia coli was (20) whereas no impact
have been seen in alchoholic one against those bacteria . also we have the reversive
relation between concentrations and the growth of germs , whenever the concentration
increases , the number of germs decreases .

A total of 136 urine samples were collected aseptically from patients with
urinary tract abnormality from April to June, 2010. Depending on morphological,
cultural and biochemical testes 16(~11.8%) Proteus mirabilis isolates were recovered.
They were examined for antibiotic resistance. All of the isolates(100%) were
resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalothin, They showed highly resistant rate
to Tetracycline (81%), and Gentamycin(75%). Some of the isolates exhibit resistant to
the third generation Cephalosporines as Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxon(Cef). There are 5
Multi drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes have been recognized. It have been found that
three of these isolates produced β-lactamase enzymes and each of them was bearing
single plasmid of more than 3000bp in size (the largest fragment of the DNA marker).
Following curing experiment, the mutant strains lost their plasmids and resistance to
all β-lactam antibiotics which included Ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin,
cefotaxime and ceftriaxone as well as Tetracycline and Gentamycin. The results of
present study highlight that some of MDR phenotype exhibiting by uropathogenic
Proteus mirabilis attributed to plasmid bearing multiple resistance determinant.

The study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial , activities of the
extracts of the green algae, Chlorella vulgaris.
The pathogenic bacteria was isolated and identified from different samples
including urine , stool , ear swab , wound swab and one bacteria isolated from soil
.The multiple antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was examined against different
antibiotics used in this study , the results showed that Staphylococcus aureus E4
resistant to six antibiotics, where as Klebsiell pneuomoniae U1 appear resist to all
antibiotics used .
The growth phases of algae were determined and the cultures were harvested
at the end of logarithmic phase .The cultures of green algae gave 0.047gm/L..
Results showed that the extraction by ethanol 80% at 80C8for 4 h is the best
method for extraction of crude materials from green algae .In spite of the appearance
of some activity in the stationary phase ,results indicated that ethanolic extract of the
green algae at the end of logarithmic phase have broad effects on gram positive and
gram negative bacteria,which are resistant to different antibiotics .The results also
showed that MIC of of ethanolic extract from the green algae Chlorella vulgaris is 0.9
mg/ml aginst E.coliU3 and Staphylococcus aureua U2.

Preterm labour was known as occurrence of delivery before completing 37
weeks of gestation, through which reduction in normal vaginal flora will occur
specially lactobacilli in addition to change of pH, which may lead to increases of
some aerobic bacteria such Gardnerella vaginalis , so this study was conducted to
assess bacterial vaginosis rate among women with preterm labour. From the period of
1
st of December2008 to 31th 2009 retrospective study was carried on in Suliamania
teaching and Azadi teaching Hospitals. Seventy five women were enrolled in the
study, their age ranged from 15 to 45 years. For each patient special questionnaire
form was filled ,also for each high vaginal swab(HVS) was tested for color,pH,whiff
test and Clue cells in addition to cultivation of HVS & urine for detecting other
bacterial isolates. Women with polyhydraminos, multiple pregnancy, cervical
incompetence, malformed uterine & drug addict were discharged from the study. The
results were revealed the all rate of infection 76.67 % which included bacterial
infection 42.67%(high rate 16.07 % with Escherichia coli and the low rate was with
Proteus species),followed by 33.33 %,18.67 % & 8 % for, Gardnerella vaginalis,
Candiada albicans & Trichomonas vaginalis respectively P<0.05.Gardnerella
vaginalis was seen in 21 samples as pure cases with the rate 84 % mostly associated
with clue cells & pH ranged from 6 to 8 with the rate of 26.42 %, Moblincus species
rate was 9.12 %. Relationship between patient residency, age in regard bacterial
vaginosis & other microorganisms’ distribution were not statistically significant.
History of vaginal discharge, disparunia, rupture membrane & vaginal itching in
association to microbial distribution were significant P<0.05.

The Petrography and Heavy mineral study of Walash-Naopurdan Series
Sandstone (Middle-Late Eocene) at Qalander area is carried out.
Thin section study of twenty seven samples showed that these sandstones
consist of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments (lithics), matrix, and cement. The rock
fragments are of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic types as an indication of
multiple source rocks originated from the complex thrust zone of northeastern Iraq.
The Heavy mineral analysis also showed different types, dominated by
opaques and transparent minerals as a further indication of multiple source rocks.
The main constituents of the studied sandstones (quartz, feldspar, rock
fragment and matrix) are used in their classification which showed that the sandstones
are of lithic greywacke type.The provenance indicating triangular diagrams (QtFL and
QmFLt) showed that the Walash-Naopurdan Series Sandstone is of recycled orogen
sources shared between transitional, mixed, dissected and transitional arcs tectonic
settings. These represent a complex convergent boundary with dissected transitional
volcanic arc which was subjected to uplift and erosion.

Herpes Simplex Virus-1(HSV-1) causes many diseases including encephalitis,
meningitis, keratitis etc. ,also it infects the immunocompromised patients as leukemia
and AIDS patients.
The study include (104) case of blood samples from thalassemic patients
between 2008-2009. the anti HSV-1 IgM , anti Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM and anti
Toxoplasma gondii IgM were detected in patient's serum using ELISA.
The results showed that the rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and anti CMV IgM in
urban was higher than rural which was (8.65%) , also the rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and
anti T. gondii IgM was equal in urban and rural which was (0.96%), where as the rate
of anti T. gondii IgM only in urban was higher than rural which was (8.65%).
The results revealed that there was a significant difference between anti HSV1 IgM ,anti T. gondii IgM and blood group .The rate of anti HSV-1 IgM and anti T.
gondii IgM for patients with B and O blood groups was (0.96%) for both of them ,
and there was also significant difference between HSV-1 IgM , anti CMV IgM and
blood group .The higher rate was in patients with blood group B it was (5.8%) and in
patients with blood group O was (2.9%).
The higher rate of anti HSV-1 IgM was in patients with B blood group it was
(2.9%),(4.8%) in male and female respectively .

This thesis deals with studying the effect of salts Solutions washing on the
characteristics of expansive soil. The expansive soil was brought from three areas of
Mosul city (The Yarmouk district, University of Mosul, and AL- Kasak). It emerged
from the tests that the soils swelling properties are medium to high depend on clay
contents. Where the results of the mineral analysis by X-ray diffraction device
showed that the soils have the clay minerals: Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, Illite,
Chlorite, and Palygorskite. But there is difference in the proportions of (quantity) clay
minerals.
Three types of salts solutions are used in the washing, {Sodium Chloride
(NaCl), Potassium Chloride (KCl), and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)}. To determine the
effect of the washing for each ion on the index and swelling properties of the chosen
soils sample, solutions were prepared at rates (1%, 3%, and 5%) in form of weight
percentage, and three times washing for each rate.
The results showed a decrease in the amount of liquidity limit and the
plasticity index of the soils in the first wash by salts solutions. with as increasing the
rate and number of washing it obtained change (low and high) in the amount of
liquidity limit and plasticity index of soils.
Also the results showed that the rate of reduction in the plasticity index of
soils that washed by potassium chloride was the highest than soils that washed by
sodium chloride and calcium chloride. And the optimum effect rates of washing by
salts solution on the plasticity index are 3% of Potassium Chloride in the third wash
for Yarmouk soil (clayey low plasticity soil ), 5% of Potassium Chloride in the second
wash for University soil (clayey high plasticity soil), and 1% of Potassium Chloride in
the third wash for AL- Kasak soil (clayey high plasticity soil).
The results indicated that the first wash effect of salts solutions in the
swelling properties of the soils that compacted at Optimum Moisture Content (OMC)
and Maximum Dry Density (gd max) taken from the Modified compaction curve, led to
a reduction in the values of swelling properties as an increase in washing rate by salts
solution. The results showed a reduction in the swelling properties in the first wash of
the Yarmouk soil by potassium chloride at higher rate than using solution of sodium
chloride and calcium. Also the results showed a reduction in the swelling properties in
the first wash of the University and AL Kasak soils by calcium chloride at higher rate
than using solution of potassium chloride and sodium. And the multiple wash led to
change (low and high) in the swelling properties. The optimum effect rates of washing
by salts solution on the swelling properties are 5% of Potassium Chloride in the first
wash for Yarmouk soil (clayey low plasticity soil), 5% of Calcium Chloride in the
first wash for University soil (clayey high plasticity soil), 5% Calcium Chloride in the
third wash for AL- Kasak soil (clayey high plasticity soil)

heoretical and experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection from the
cylinder in cross flow embedded in a saturated porous media was carried out. The theoretical
part of the work includes the derivation of the
governing momentum and energy equation by using Darcy flow model. The two equations are
solved by finite difference method with constant cylinder surface temperature, with a Peclet
numbers ranged between (1< Pe<10 ).
The experimental part of this work included the construction of an experimental model
composed of cupper cylinder with a (13 mm) in diameter heated internally by an electrical
source. The cylinder was embedded in a packing of glass spheres with diameter 12 mm placed
in a low velocity wind tunnel. Both the theoretical and the experimental results revealed that
the average heat transfer increased when the Peclet number increased.

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Invasive
cervical malignancy is preceded by premalignant cervical epithelial lesions of different
grades which are termed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia . Cancer of the cervix can be
prevented by intercepting it at the preinvasive stage.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical smears in Azadi
Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk governorate.
Subject & method : A prospective study was carried out from March 2007 to March 2011 in
Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk governorate . The abnormal Pap smears were assessed
according to the Bethesda system.
Results: A total of 1175 Pap smears were collected from patients aging 19 to 74 years old.
552 (46.94%) smears were ‘negative’, 30(2.55%) smears were labeled as' inadequate’, and
578 (49.25%) had ‘Benign cellular changes’ and there were 15(1.28%) abnormal Pap
smears consisting of 10 (67%) squamous intraepithelial lesion with undetermined
significance , 2(13.3%) Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion , 1(6.7%) high grade
squamous intraepithelial lesion , 1(6.7%) carcinoma and 1(6.7%) atypical glandular cells of
undetermined significance .
Overall incidence of the cervical cancer among these samples was 0.08% (1 out of 1175).