Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research

The study was carried out in a private orchard in Al –Fayhaa –Basra region
in the season 2012 for date palm cultivar lelwi that pollinated by four pollen
varieties ( Ghannamy Ahmer , Samasmy ,Khikri ,Ghannamy Akhdar ) .
The study included anatomical characters for fruits during physiological
stage (Khalal) , which represent thickness of epidermis, thickness of stone layer,
thickness of outer mesocarp ,thickness of inner mesocarp (pith), thickness of
tannins layer and diameter of pith cells. The anatomical study was supplemented
by hormonic study included some plant hormones like (Auxins, Gibberellin,
Cytokinin and Abscisic acid).
The anatomical sections of fruits that pollinated by samasmy pollen showed
significant effect on thickness of epidermis, thickness of stone layer, thickness
of tannins layer , diameter of pith cell and thickness of inner mesocarp ,where
recorded (19, 112, 955, 161µm and 4.3mm) respectively. The results of
hormonic study showed that fruits which pollinated by khikri pollen had
significant increases on substance like Auxins, Gibberellin and substance like
abscisic acid, where reached 281.10, 399.00, 531.22 microgram/kg fresh
weight respectively.

This study was conducted on the some of the rare date palm cultivars growing in
Basrah Governorate,in order to identify itsmorphological characteristics.
Morphological characteristics were studied, including (37) vegetative traits and
(38) floral characteristics.The results were analyzed using the principle
component analysis and cluster analysis to identify variance and similarity
betweenstudied cultivars.The results of cluster analysis has shown that there are
clear differences between cultivars.The studied cultivars were divided into two
main groups in vegetative and floral characteristics, with the lowest distance
between the cultivars (Khassab, Ashresi, Khalas, Sukkari, and
AsabeAlaros)which was approximately (0.997) close to each other by vegetative
characteristics.The lowest distance between the cultivars was between the two
cultivars (Ibrahimi and Shukker)and approximately (0.988%), which were
closely related to each other by floral characteristics. The principle component
analysis showed that there are a variety of phenotypes that can be used to
distinguish between the different cultivars of date palm,the most important are
:The length and width of the leaf, the length of the blade leaf,length and width
and number of the pinnatebecausethese qualitiesrepresent19.20% of the
variationbetweenvarieties .In addition toweightandlength of spathe and widthand
weight of theinflorescence and length and weight of strand, number and weight
of the flowers , length and width ofof flowerholder it was
representing%30.697of the variance

A field experiment was conducted in an agricultural field which located at
Abu-AlKhaseeb district / south of Basra City , during the growing
season (2015 and 2016), in order to study the effect of the method , the
level of irrigation and rate of adding nitrogen fertilizer in the production
of date palm. The results showed that the use of surface irrigation and
100% of level irrigation of the value of evaporation led to increase
thesoil moisture content and reduced the electrical conductivity for
different soild epths, asa compared with the tidal irrigation treatments.
The results showed that use treatment above with the addition of 1 kg of
urea ( 4 doses per year) showed a significant increase in productivity
values :(weight, length, dry weight, bunch weight and total production)of
.the date palm Cv.Hillawi

Heavy metals pollution of agricultural soils is considered one of a serious
problem around the world; and the affected plants by such soils responded in different
ways as a consequence of this exposure to heavy metals.
Present study has been performed to elucidate the effect of Cadmium (Cd) and
Lead (Pb) treatments at different concentrations on date palm, Barhi cultivar; and
their responses on anatomical levels. Results showed that the highest concentration of
Cd (9 mg/kg) and Pb (276 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in the size of the
vascular bundles and conducting elements (Xylem and Phloem), the thickness of
mesophyll, as well as, the size of parenchyma cells. Anatomical section of treated date
palm leaves with both heavy metals revealed a dense distribution of tannin in leaf
tissues resulted by heavy metals treatments at high concentrations, with more Tannins
abundance at the edges of examined tissues, Both Cd and Pbtreatments had no
significant on epidermal and cuticle layers of treated leaves. Its noteworthy, that Cd
and Pb treatments at low concentrations (3 and 100 mg/kg) respectively, had no
significant effect on most analysed parameters according to LSD analysis at (P<0.05).
here in, detained results proved that each of Cd and Pb at high concentrations induced
significant change on anatomical levels of treated date palm

The present study has been conducted at the labrotary of Date palm
Research Center –University of Basrah to evaluates the efficiency of
differants plant extract which were Conocarpus lancifolius (Damass) ,
Ricinus communis (Castor beans).Nerium oleandra(Nerium).Clerodendron
inerme(Blue jasmine) was to control the fungus Alternaria alternata the
causal agent of leaves spots of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera ) were as
follow ; In vitro and in vivo . In in vitro study ;the leaf extract of C.
lancifolius reported the higest average of reduction for mycelial growth
which were 71.11,72.22 and 78.88% at the concentration of 5.10 and 15%
respectively .Regarding the treatment of R.communis 10 and 15%
concentrations the inhibition percentage were 72 and 74.44% respectively
.Fieled trail revealed highest reduction of disease severity was found at the
treatment of C. lancifolius extract at 5,10and 15% which were 34.17,
25.67 and 14.3% respectively , compard to infected control which was
65.16% .All treatments with plant extracts has significantly reduced the
disease severity of leaves spots compard to infected control trearment
under fieled conditions .