Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوء على احد اجناس الطحالب الخضر Dunaliella salina المنتشر في البرك المالحة brine ponds في محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق والبالغة تسعة مواقع واستزراعه مختبريا وتأكيد تشخيصه مظهرياً، اذ بينت الدراسة ان جميع العينات المعزولة للطحلب من المواقع المختلفة في محافظة البصرة تعود للنوع D. salina، يضاف الى ذلك ان العوامل البيئة المقاسة تتناسب مع نمو هذا النوع دون غيره من افراد هذا الجنس لاسيما الملوحة وذلك لنموه بشكل متزايد وبفارق معنوي P≤0.05 تحت تراكيز تراوحت بين 0-15 % من ملح كلوريد الصوديوم والتي يعادل في التركيز العالي منها اكثر من ملوحة ماء البحر بحوالي 4 مرات والتي بلغت 150غرام/لتر، كما تبين ان جميع العزلات قد نمت بشكل مثالي وبدون وجود فارق معنوي تحت التركيز الملحي 5% من ملح كلوريد الصوديوم، اذ لم يلاحظ وجود فروق معنوية P≤0.05 بين زمن تكاثر الجيل وثابت النمو لجميع التراكيز الملحية. وتم في الدراسة الحالية اثبات ان جميع العزلات لمواقع الدراسة المختلفة قد اظهرت قابلية على انتاج الكاروتين الكلي استجابة للزياد الملحية او انخفاضها كما هو الحال في مجموعة السيطرة الخالية من الملوحة باعتباره جهد يتطلب من الطحلب انتاج الكاروتين وهذه صفة مهمة لهذا النوع ايضاً ومن النتائج اعلاه فقد تبين بان جميع العزلات للطحلب للمواقع المختلفة تعود لنوعا واحد فقط والذي تم تشخيصه في الدراسة الحالية.

The current study was conducted on Melanoides tuberculate in three stations for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 (Al-Sharash, Al-Salhiya and Al-Dweab), as the samples were collected monthly. Some environmental factors were measured, such as the water temperature. The lowest water temperature was 12°C during January and the highest temperature was 33°C during July, both in Al-Salhiya station. The pH values were between 7.5 in the three stations and 8.9 during July in Al-Sharash, and the lowest was recorded. The salinity value was 0.5‰ in April and November at Al-Sharash station, and the highest value was recorded at 39.3‰ during July for Al-Dweab station. The values of the current speed ranged between 0.01)-95 (0.0 m/s in Al-Sharash and Al-Salhiya stations, respectively, while the values of dissolved oxygen ranged between (12.1) -5.1) mg/liter during August and May in Al-Salhiya and Al-Sharash stations respectively, As for the bottom sediments, all the stations were alluvial with few and different proportions of sand and clay. The study also showed that the environmental factors have an impact on the distribution and spread of this species in the intertidal zone. It also found a significant direct relationship between density of M. tuberculata with dissolved oxygen and an inverse relationship with salinity in Al-Sharash station, while in Al-Salhiya station a direct relationship was recorded between the density of M. tuberculata and dissolved oxygen and an inverse relationship between the density of M. tuberculata with salinity.

As a result of the special advantages of infrared such as ambient does not affect by IR heating, being environmentally friendly, reducing the size of equipment used in food heating and ease of control. Moreover, it is one of the most promising techniques, so the current study aimed to investigate the application of infrared ray in extracting the oil of common carp fish wastes (Cyprinus carpio L.), and the study of the effect of the independent factors, which are: power (130, 190, 250 watts), temperature (50, 60, 70 ºC), the distance between the radiation source and the surface of the waste (1, 15.5, 30 cm) on the freezing point, cloud point and pour of carp waste oil using response surfaces methodology. The results showed that the lowest practical and predicted values for the above traits were -4.6, -3.1, 11.9, 12.2, 6.8, and 7.01, respectively, and that the increase in power and temperature had a negative effect, as it led to an increase in the cloud point. The results illustrated that the interaction between distance, power and temperature led to a decrease in the freezing point. The results also clarified that the increase in power with a decrease in temperature and stability of the distance led to an increase in the pour point. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were the power 315.94W, the temperature 66.14° C, and the distance is 20.02 cm. The results of the statistical showed that the nonlinear multiple regression equation was used to predict the values of the cloud point, while the multiple linear regression equation was used to predict the pour point values. The nonlinear multiple regression equation had a non-significant effect to predict the freezing point values, with an error rate ranging from 0.32% to 30%.

A team from Marine Science Centre/ University of Basrah, in cooperation with some regional and local scientific institutions, attempted to cultivate the mangrove Avicennia marina in some Iraqi coastal areas, as part of an experiment that is the first of its kind in the country. A site was chosen to plant these trees in the tidal zone in the Khor Al-Zubair oil port. After six months of seedling growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings were transferred to the test site, and measurements of plant growth indicators were carried out for two years at the test site for the period from April 2019 to April 2021. The maximum height of the plants during the study period was 173.3 cm, while The indicators of vegetative growth and chlorophyll content increased significantly during the study period, which is close to the growth of trees in their natural habitats. The survival rates of seedlings were 44% after 24 months of planting. Most of the results were compared according to the Least Significant Difference test (L.S.D.). At a probability level of 0.05.

This study examined the status of climate smart aquaculture practices (CSAP) in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. About 120 fish farmers were selected for the study. Statistical tools such as frequency count, percentage, mean score, binary logistic regression and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyse the data. The result revealed that the average age of the respondents was 45 years and 79.2% of them were males. About 65% of them had tertiary education with an average of 6 years’ experience in fish farming. The average annual income of the respondents was about 379. 25 Dollars, and the average household size was 5 persons. The result also showed that about 65% of the respondents used earthen ponds for fishing with an average of 8 fishing ponds per farmer. The most stocked species of fish was catfish (79.2%). Majority (88.3%) of the respondents owned the ponds used and about 90.8 % of them indicated that they farm on the pond all-year-round. About 87.5% of them had high status on the use of climate smart aquaculture practices. The result of binary logistic regression showed that pond type (b=1.350), source of stocked fish (b= 0.850), sources of credit (b= 0.456) and access to extension services (B=1.607) were the determinant factors of the use of CSAP. The study concludes that the main climate smart aquaculture practices used by the fish farmers were stocking of fish, liming of pond, feeding of fish, provision of measures, sorting of fish, water transparency farmers.

Seasonal variations in the concentrations of two heavy metals: copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were determined in the liver and muscles of Mullus the two species barbatus and Siganus rivulatus fish from the southern part of Syrian Coast. The average concentrations of the metals in the fish tissues exhibited the following order: Cu>Pb. The statistical analysis revealed a significant seasonal effect P≤0.05 for Cu and Pb measured. The highest values of the metals were recorded in dry season. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in liver tissue of both fish species, while the lowest concentrations were recorded in muscles tissue. The values of the metals detected in the fish muscles (the edible part) were within the permissible limits