Dirasat Mosiliya

The Ta’rikh al-Mawsil by Abu Zakariya Al - Azdi (d. 945 A.D./334 A.H.) is one of the most important sources on the history of Mosul for the years (719-838 A.D/101-224 A.H.)and a general history of the Islamic empire, with some stress on internal affairs, and some biographical information on prominent Jazirans. Unfortunately, the only available manuscript saved in Chester Beatty library is full of mistakes and distortions . The aim of this research is to examine the errors and defections in Al-Azdi’s book, by examining his version in the light of Khalifa b. Khayyata’s (d. 854-855 A.D./240 A.H.) especially narratives on the Umayyad dynasty, and comparing it with the original text, Ta’rikh of Khalifa b. Khayyata. In this regard, we needed to look back at both the MS of Alazdi and the narratives of of Khalifa in the light of other sources like Ansāb al-Ashrāf, al-Baladhuri(d. 892 A.D./279 A.H.) and Ta’rikh madinat Dimashq for Ibn ‘Asakir (d. 1176 A.D./571 A.H.) to find out the defections in Al-Azdi’s book.

As'ad bin Ammar bin Sa'ad al-Khallati (606-1209 AD) and also called (al-Rabib al-Mawsili) is one of the prominent personalities. He distinguished by his journeys and the diversity of his political and cultural environment. Politically, he played a prominent role in the political activity in Mosul, and he was of the influential over the ruling class there in addition to the fact that the Banu Sakman were giving him a distinguished status in the city Khallat, as well as he was at the service of the Caliph Muqtafi(530-555 A.H/1135-1160 A.D) when he was in Baghdad. Militarily, he was in command of the army of Mosul during the third crusade. This research paper is distinguished because it studies his journey of historical and civil contents, which he had written himself, but we received only extracts from it via Ibn al-'Adim's book entitled (bughiyat al-talab fi tarikh halab).However, this journey reveals the nature of that era.

Abook a,khbar al-dwal al-mungate,a is one of the important historical sources in which the author discussed the history of Many states that independent of the Abbasid Caliphate, like the Hamdania,s state in Mosul.this research sheds light on the historical information provided by Ibn-Zafer al,uzdy about the history of Mosul in the era of Abi al-hija,a and Naser al-dawla al-hamadani included the political side as well as the social and economic side.

This research attempts to shed light on the biography of one of the scientists of the city of Mosul, who did not have an independent study, namely Ali bin Ahmad Al-Omrani Al-Mosuli, who died in 344 AH/ 955 AD. He is the owner of the first bookcase in the natural sciences in Mosul. And his scientific interwsts with one of his pupils.

This paper aims at shedding lights on the Iltizam system (Tax farming). It was one of the most important ways that pursued by the Ottoman Empire. The beginning of the advent of the multazims (tax-farmers) can be traced back to the fiefs-owners (Timar and Za'amāts or chieftainships). The real motive behind Ottoman Empire's expansion of the Iltizam system was its burning desire to obtain a lot of money and revenue with the least possible of administrative expenditures because of many crises that faced the Ottoman Empire such as financial deficits that accompanied by inflation. Multazims in their turn were paying some amounts in advance to the state's treasury by instalments during the year. Finally, this paper comes to many conclusions, the most important of them is that the tax legislation was basing on Muslim sacred law (sharia), and the state forced to adopt the Iltizam system because of the political and economic circumstances at the time.
المقدمة :

The cultural context is a human activity whose purpose is to research the essence of the human being in all its orientations and formations . The narrative discourse in its textual manifestations bears a factual and documentary character, in which the imagination works in a harmonious narrative format that contributes to the construction of special meanings. And pass specific values to rebuild reality.

Since immemorial times, routes of transportation have aroused the interests of Man, due to its commercial importance, and also its indispensability for his everyday life, especially the Inland Water Transport (river transport(. In this respect, He paid great heed to develop methods of the river traffic by the invention of rafts (Kellek) which had used worldwide since prehistoric times. With regard to Mesopotamia population (Now Iraq), Kellek represents the lifeblood for their daily life, and participated in their economic prosperity. Moreover, constriction of Kelleks was one of the means of livelihood for kellek-makers, and for those who trade in construction materials such as wood poles and goatskins and so forth. On these considerations, this paper is an attempt to shine a spotlight onkellek-making, and its services and itineraries at the beginning of the twentieth Century.
المقدمة:

The research aims at recognizing the most dominant activities and schemes that provided by some civil society organizations in order to develop the local society through a field study that had applied to examples chosen from the organizations which work in Mosul. The research arrived at the conclusion that those organizations have a supporting role as for the other state institutions through fulfillment of several development activities and schemes, which lead in the final result in developing and progressing the society because the fact that the society development is in need of concerted efforts and cooperation among the official and unofficial institutions in accordance with their potentialities.

We are reviewing this search the Conceptual Framework of the Minority through the definition of the concept of the minority and its different types as well as rights of minorities, Which it enjoys under international law with its branches of public rights and private rights, In addition to minority rights in Iraqi constitutions, We have made clear the situation of minorities in Ninewa Governorate and suffered violations All aspects of life, and that these violations have reached the limits of crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide and to address abuses committed against minorities in Ninewa Governorate.