Journal of University of Babylon

Contractual justice between the parties has only basic requirements and is complementary to the intended benefit of the contract , without the modification or completion of the contract or the exclusion of the arbitrary condition . as well , the contractual justice is not available without the contract when it is concluded and implemented in line with the principle of good faith and public order as complementary requirements to contractual justice. While correcting the contract by excluding the arbitrary clause and completing the contract content are essential requirements for the achievement of contractual justice

The objective of this study is to show the extent to which legislators in the Iraqi constitution are concerned with these means in order to protect human rights, and to protect the rights of human beings, As well as briefing the texts relating to these means of some comment, controversy and analysis as much as we can and try to evaluate these texts, and thus find texts governing these means, which ensures the exercise of rights to the right and accurate and influential, and the most important is the principle of separation of powers one of the most important The basic tenets of democracy are the non-concentration of the three branches of state (legislative, executive and judicial) with one person or one body, but each of these three powers acting independently of the other, but this focus was absolute but over time it became flexible as in The presidential system in the United States of America, and there is another constitutional principle in its existence protects human rights and freedoms is the principle of the rule of law and is intended to subject the rulers and ruled in the state to the provisions of the law.
In the second section, we tried to study the principle of the rule of law as a constitutional means to protect human rights. We devoted the third topic to the principle of separation of powers as a constitutional means to protect human rights. , And finally the fourth section of the constitutional means for the protection of human rights in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005, and concluded our research in the conclusion, which included the most important results that emerged from the research and recommendations that we consider necessary to be taken when the amendment of the Iraqi constitution .

The research tackles the study of impossibility in language as an entrance to its study in residuals After the introduction , the study is divided into three sections . the first one is devoted to the study of impossibility in language and as a term along with its synonyms , the second section deals with the study of impossibility in structure like the implicit prier to the explicit , the multiplicity of adverb in addition to the (Munada Ila AL-kafl) , the vocative to (Kaf) . The third section includes the study of impossibility in meaning like the limitation to the first object of ( عَلِمَ)and the addition of the time adverb to the verb , together with the affirmative in the notion of exception , finally , the conclusion is devoted to the findings of the study . It finds that three is an impossibility in structure like pronoun ellipsis after (الاّ) or it , ellipsis as Sibawayh and Abo Ali Alfarisi have mentioned that its ellipsis or the pronoun ellipsis after it have an obvious effed . An example is ("No one came except you ) : ( ما أتاني إِلَّا أنتَ ) Additienally , combining two discourses after it is impossible , like ( يا غُلامَك ) due to the impossibility of the added and to in one case , the study also finds that the there is an impossibility in meaning besides the structure whidi is represented in combining two different times together : ( I will never come ) the past , represented buy ( never ) , and the future , represented by (لا) leads to contradition . In this case , the impossibility shows no unfamiliarity and it viclates no rules . So , grammatical rules should be maintained in order not to arous impossibility .

Arabic with its exclusive characteristics shines as a unique jewel amongst all the other languages worldwide. However nowadays it has lost some of its elegance, charm and sweetness to the learners including students and beginners. Consequently, plenty of pens are writing and numerous articles and conferences are published and hold in order to overcome the difference between the reality of this language and the way learners look at it. Boundless ideas and thoughts are generated in order to reach the best approaches in teaching the language. In this regard some scholars try to submit orderly and new principles for teachers to visit the learners’ diverse talents. Including them are the suggested programs by various researches which are trying to improve specific skills amongst the learners. The previous mentioned skills are called creative thinking skills and are based on contents help to increase students’ awareness and raise their willingness and pursuit lessons.
The present article which attends to study creative thinking skills in teaching Arabic, tries to introduce some efficient programs for developing such skills, as well as comparing them with ‘lamia – al – Arab” which is one of the oldest literary texts and full of unfamiliar words. It is hoped this paper will be efficient in increasing students’ abilities, refining professors’ views and bridging the gaps in the road of evaluating and implementation of teaching methods by means of descriptive-comparative approach, besides opening a door of new thoughts in front of students and teachers.
Necessity of notifying teachers, role and their skills in employing new teaching methods, their enjoying from creating skills and creative thinking, besides choosing practical and easy methods according to students’ talents

An illustration is one of the branches of comparative literature and comparative critique, and examines how to process images from a nation, a land, or a culture from the perspective of the other" and "I.
"I" and "The other " are the main pillars of the pictogram. Although these two terms have long-standing semantic examples, they are both emerging in terms of name and title.
"I" and "The other " in philosophy، psychology، and comparative critique have different meanings، but what all the definitions share in it is that "The other " implies the difference and "I" signifies It Itself and identity
Abdul Wahhab Ezzam is one of the contemporary and famous writers of the 20th century, and in most of his works, he examines the language, literature and cultural challenges existing between different languages such as Arabic and Persian language.
This is while the book, "Al-selat bain alarab wal fors fi al-Jahiliyah wa al-esalam" explains the linguistic and literary relations between Arabic language and literature, and Persian language and literature, as well as the effects of these two on each other.
Using the imaginative knowledge, this scholar tries to reveal the author's view of the Arabic and Persian language relying on a descriptive-analytical method within the framework of the theory of the other" and "I.

The term 'code-switching' refers to the juxtaposition of elements from two (or more) languages or dialects. There is, however, little agreement among scholars on either the semantic scope of the term as they use it, or the nature of distinctions to be drawn between it and other, related terms such as code mixing. The term 'code-mixing' is a fluid one that overlaps with 'code-switching'. Switching and mixing may happen to a certain extent in speech of all two languages in a way that results in real confusion in relation to the two sociolinguistic terms. Thus, this work attempts to produce a rather comprehensive socio-linguistic approach to investigate these two distinct but interrelated sociolinguistic phenomena. This includes investigating the most observable operational definitions, distinguishing linguistic features and most influencing sociolinguistic factors on the use of the two terms. In light these aims the study hypothesizes that code- switching and code- mixing can be inspected from various viewpoints. Moreover, the processes of the code- switching and code- mixing and their linguistic aspects and performances are connected. To achieve the aims of this work and test its hypotheses, the most relevant definitions, distinctions and sociolinguistic issues are considered. Based on the findings of the analysis, the study concludes that: Both code switching and code mixing are used by Senegalese students who are studying Arabic in Iraq – Najaf due to the fact of multilingual students were exposed to four languages at a very early age in Senegal, particularly in school interactional settings. Employing certain language(s) in communicating with each other reflects several important vital factors that control their choice of language at any given situation. Switching to Wolof is always the case if one is talking to a fellow citizen. It is easier, clearer and reflects more seriousness too. Moreover, Wolof is used by them in order to show solidarity and intimacy as well as their group identity. In scientifically oriented discussions and exchanges French takes precedence. It’s the language at school, so it is the language of all scientific idioms and expressions.

This study was refuge on the study of population growth in Mahaweel district for the period 1997-2013. As a geographical study, it was concerned with the spatial and temporal differences and revealed the spatial relations of the studied phenomenon by collecting the relevant data on population growth for the above period and analysing these data using quantitative statistical measures Such as the standard criterion that is accurate to show the details of spatial differences of population growth between one administrative unit and another and represent a cartography. The second section dealt with the environmental distribution of population growth rates in Mahaweel district and its administrative units. The third topic discussed the future prospects for population growth. The research found that there was a clear variation in population growth for the period 1997-2013, due to the natural increase and the migration to it. The population growth rate reached a maximum of 4,2% in the period 2007-2013 and decreased in 1997-2007 to 3.4% ). The study also revealed a clear variation in the population growth rates among the administrative units. Al-Imam ranked first with a population growth rate of 3.5% for the period 1997-2007. Mahaweel district and the project area ranked second with population growth rate (3, 4%) for each of them, either during the period 2007 - 2013, the project was ranked first with a population growth rate of (2.7%), (1.2%), while Al-Imam came in last place with -4.6%.The study found that the rate of population growth in rural areas increased by 3.5% for the period 1997-2007, which exceeded the growth rate of the urban population by 3.2% for the same period. During the period 2007-2013, (6.2%) compared to the growth rate of the rural population (3.6%) for the same period. The study showed that the population of the judiciary in 2023 reached about 403629 people. This population is expected to double by 2033 to about 510,355 if the vital changes and demographic conditions of the population continue in their current proportions.

The African continent was characterized by its uniqueness and its unique cultural heritage by a large number of values, traditions and intellectual and cultural systems imposed by the nature of the social and life environment and its tribal system of the Black Continent population communities, which had been subjected to several European intellectual invasions that attempted to obliterate and alter the cultural and intellectual features of that civilization which was intellectually rooted in the African peoples who lived together Its culture and its flourishing cultural character, which made the continent a focus of attention to the European invasion coming from the West under the pretext of transferring cultural developments from Europe, the country of mother civilization to African society. I put the cultural low point of view from the perspective of the other European coming from the West, which paved the way to the emergence of intellectual cultural movements by a number of thinkers, writers, authors and authors who took responsibility for maintaining and addressing all forms of European civilization invasion through their writings and literature and artistic findings to maintain and adhere to all the fundamentals and foundations of African civilization And to confirm their authenticity and specificity through these artistic, literary and intellectual productions, including theatrical texts as a means of intellectual and aesthetic discourse that seeks to spread, reinforce and highlight the cultural identity of African society. The first chapter included the problem of research, which was formulated through the following question: What are the variations that I have in the Negro text in the South of the United States of America, effectively the effect of the thought of Negro and its manifestations within These texts also included the importance of the research in that it provides a logical study Bakr has not been dealt with before and show their importance and function in the African theater and miscellaneous activities also included chapter research goal to identify Negro in the theater Negro in the United States (1960_1990) and place in the South of the United States of America, and objectively the texts of the play that reflected the concepts of Negro and the Negro thought. The second chapter included two topics, the first of which was identified on the Negro term and concept. The second section was Negro theater and identification in the South The United States of America, and the third chapter included research procedures and identify the research community consisting of (seven texts of the play), which enables the researchers to collect and limited within the temporal limit of the search and were selected two of them in the manner of intentional (the day of absence) The researcher concluded the study with the fourth chapter, which included the results, conclusions, recommendations, proposals and list of sources. Among the most important results reached by the researchers are:
1- Stream comprehensive and influential in all arts and the arts, especially in the theater because of its ability to immunize the Negro personality.
2- Effect and represent the Negro through the agreement in defense of heritage and civilization and history Negro and its importance play (constraint)
3- hit the center of the dominant white and refuted the idea of black marginalized of the Negro in the play (the day of absence)
4- Put the hand on the social imbalance and evaluation, which was evident in the play (constraint)
5- The black man and the Negro woman have what makes them active people and that trying to miss them means the failure of life
6- and disable it because life multiple colors (the day of absence)

The African continent was characterized by its uniqueness and its unique cultural heritage by a large number of values, traditions and intellectual and cultural systems imposed by the nature of the social and life environment and its tribal system of the Black Continent population communities, which had been subjected to several European intellectual invasions that attempted to obliterate and alter the cultural and intellectual features of that civilization which was intellectually rooted in the African peoples who lived together Its culture and its flourishing cultural character, which made the continent a focus of attention to the European invasion coming from the West under the pretext of transferring cultural developments from Europe, the country of mother civilization to African society. I put the cultural low point of view from the perspective of the other European coming from the West, which paved the way to the emergence of intellectual cultural movements by a number of thinkers, writers, authors and authors who took responsibility for maintaining and addressing all forms of European civilization invasion through their writings and literature and artistic findings to maintain and adhere to all the fundamentals and foundations of African civilization And to confirm their authenticity and specificity through these artistic, literary and intellectual productions, including theatrical texts as a means of intellectual and aesthetic discourse that seeks to spread, reinforce and highlight the cultural identity of African society. The first chapter included the problem of research, which was formulated through the following question: What are the variations that I have in the Negro text in the South of the United States of America, effectively the effect of the thought of Negro and its manifestations within These texts also included the importance of the research in that it provides a logical study Bakr has not been dealt with before and show their importance and function in the African theater and miscellaneous activities also included chapter research goal to identify Negro in the theater Negro in the United States (1960_1990) and place in the South of the United States of America, and objectively the texts of the play that reflected the concepts of Negro and the Negro thought. The second chapter included two topics, the first of which was identified on the Negro term and concept. The second section was Negro theater and identification in the South The United States of America, and the third chapter included research procedures and identify the research community consisting of (seven texts of the play), which enables the researchers to collect and limited within the temporal limit of the search and were selected two of them in the manner of intentional (the day of absence) The researcher concluded the study with the fourth chapter, which included the results, conclusions, recommendations, proposals and list of sources. Among the most important results reached by the researchers are:
1- Stream comprehensive and influential in all arts and the arts, especially in the theater because of its ability to immunize the Negro personality.
2- Effect and represent the Negro through the agreement in defense of heritage and civilization and history Negro and its importance play (constraint)
3- hit the center of the dominant white and refuted the idea of black marginalized of the Negro in the play (the day of absence)
4- Put the hand on the social imbalance and evaluation, which was evident in the play (constraint)
5- The black man and the Negro woman have what makes them active people and that trying to miss them means the failure of life
6- and disable it because life multiple colors (the day of absence)

The current research consists Arbao chapters have been the first chapter of the research included a definition of the problem of research and the importance of research and the need for it. The aim of the research has been defined to identify the educational dimensions of expressionist art.
The researcher analyzed the most important terms in the Find The second chapter included the first two sections representing the educational dimension of European art.
The second topic dealt with modernity in expressionist art. The third chapter contains research procedures were included, the research community and the sampling and analysis of the (5) models.
And adopted Find descriptive and analytical approach when analyzing the sample. The fourth quarter results of the research and conclusions as well as recommendations and proposals, and highlighted the findings of the researcher

The current research dealt with the impact of psychological and social implications on the contemporary Iraqi drawing. The research included four chapters. The first chapter deals with the methodological framework of the research which represents the problem of research.
1. What are the implications and implications of the psychological and social dimensions in the products of contemporary Iraqi painting?
2. What is the relationship between the psychological and social dimensions inherent in the Iraqi photographer and his artistic output?
3. How do psychological and social dimensions contribute to the detection of artistic and aesthetic aspects in contemporary Iraqi painting?
The research aims to identify the impact of psychological and social implications on contemporary Iraqi painting. The limits of the research were limited to the period (1960-1990) through the paintings obtained from the Fuladrat and the Baghdad Center for the Arts and the Internet and ended the first chapter of the definition of terms The second chapter is represented by the theoretical framework consisting of two sections the first topic psychological and social implications and theories explained to them, It includes the psychological and social features in the Iraqi drawing in addition to the indicators that ended the theoretical framework. The third chapter contains the research procedures including the research community and the research sample of four samples and the research methodology which the researcher adopted descriptive approach Lilly in the analysis of research samples, while the fourth chapter of the findings and conclusions and recommendations, andincluded the results:
1.Demonstration of psycho-social content through expression in real or distorted form, deformity, reduction and geometry, using zoom mechanisms, multiplication, reduction, elongation, shortening, deletion, addition, flattening, and relationship. The psychological dimensions are shown in the samples (1,2,3,4)
2.Psychological and social implications emerged by employing the Iraqi artist for th technical aspect on the photographic surface and achieved in each sample (1,2,3,4) because each artist has his own style. Each individual has a distinct way of feeling and feeling .
3.The contemporary Iraqi painting has a clear effect on the assertion that the psychological aspect of the artist is not separated from the social, cultural and political aspect, represented in the images transferred from the sensory and non-sensory treasures of human and social events .
Conclusions
1.The contemporary Iraqi painter provided an opportunity to learn about the components of his society on the one hand and to reveal the possibilities of his inner worlds on the other. This enabled him to control his conscious and unconscious activities, thereby gaining privacy and uniqueness in visual expression
2.The contemporary Iraqi drawing and painter was able to design and establish the identity of authentic Iraqi art
3.The social and psychological reality helped to nourish the ideas of the modern Iraqi painter, which made him reflect the concerns of himself and his society at all times. In addition to the recommendations and proposals

The study consists of four chapters. The first chapter includes the methodological framework of research through its problem which focuses on
the following question:
What are The Aesthetic Mediology in the Theatrical Show?
The second chapter, the theoretical framework and the previous studies, includes three topics. The third chapter includes the research procedures, namely, the research community and its samples. The third chapter deals with the importance of research as a study of the methodology and its aesthetics. And the research Mediology. A number of theater performances were chosen for the purpose of defining the aesthetics of the Mediology. The fourth chapter contains the results of the researcher's research. The chapter also contains conclusions, a set of recommendations and suggestions, Right.

Sight has the highest rate of enjoyment with places of beauty among the five senses of human being, excitement and interpret it with a new way, every picture manipulate the reality is a genuine innovation , that means denying the idea of picture is mere copying to another one (1). In another words, the basic function that optic picture have born for the imaginaire in theatre show is abstracting features and rules that techniques of the show depend on, in applying the principles inspired from its conception for optic poetics, unstable methodical pictures, pictorial paradox, calling an absent, moral realization, eloquent question, imitation, quotation, comparison or identification, based on the fore-mentioned, the research is divided into four chapter, First one included the problem of the research that is found in the following question: What are the shapes and poetic that are shown in the Iraqi contemporary theatrical show for the optic imaginaire? And the importance of the research that is focused on shedding light on drama treatments by which we can enrich theatrical show either by text, show or technical technique, therefore, the research tackled with one of the philosophic and social problems that many researchers of the field of theatre couldn’t tackle with in the past, worthy to mentioned that this research is useful also for those who in the theatrical field because it is classified as a practical and theoretical research related with theatrical academic lesson, beside ability of benefiting the specialists of theatre techniques from this research, also determining the goal of the research in discovering the poetics of the optical imaginaire in the Iraqi contemporary theatrical show. Also this chapter included the (limits of research) that were specified in time side of (2004-2016) and by place limits for the shows that were played on the national theatre of Baghdad, by subject the research focused on optical imaginaire and its poetic power in the Iraqi contemporary theatrical show, this chapter was finalized with specifying terms and identifying them linguistically, terminology and procedural identifying.
Second chapter included three sections and indications that resulted from theoretical frame plus the previous studies for this research and discuss them , first section tackled with the concept of optic imaginaire in philosophy and sociology, while second section tackled with the poetics and application in the international and Arabian theatrical intellect. Third section was dedicated to study presentations of optic imaginaire in the contemporary direction experiments (International and Arabian), second chapter was finalized with indications resulted from theoretical frame.
(1) Ghoty, Gha: Picture, contents and interpretation , translated and presented Benkrad, Print1, (Moroco : Dar Albayda, Arabian cultural center, 2012), p 208.
Third chapter of research procedures, determining the population which consisted from (35) shows to abstract the research sample that included two plays were picked up intentionally and they are ( Descending for Mekbith, director Mr. Ahmed H. Musa), (Interview Play, the director Akram Esam).
In the fourth research we tackled with the results of analyzing the samples, most prominent ones were:
1- The optic elements were featured with its domination over the technique of imaginary inside the show speech to interpret the optic image into themes were quoted by the spectator due to the accumulation of images that he had seen.
2- The poetics of optic imaginary in the analyzed samples a meaning value varying according to the change happen on the stage and is different from a show to another.
Also the research included several conclusions like :
1- The view came up with contrast variables of a grotesque nature have fragmented evidences and codes allow the viewer to produce many interpretations and adding aesthetic picture has an impact upon the viewer.
2- Modern techniques in the analyzed samples have participated in creating optic image of a imaginary nature.
Furthermore, fourth chapter included both of references and sources.

This study is concerned with (the ideational bases of Islamic art and its representions in the designs of Op.Art) .
This study contains four chapters . chapter one includes the problem of the research , importance , aims , limitations , and the terms of the research .
The problem of the research deals with the ideational bases of Islamic art and its representions in the designs of Op.Art through the answer of the following questions :
- Was there an effect for the ideational bases of Islamic art and its representions in the designs of Op.Art?
- How did the Op.artist employ the ideational bases of Islamic art in his artistic designs ?
The present research has aim , namely , the introducing on the ideational bases of is Islamic art and its representions in the designs of Op.Art .
A regards its limits , the research is concerned in the study of ideational bases of Islamic art and its representions in the designs of Op.Art that are made and done from (1960 – 1988) in American United States and Europe .
Chapter two includes the theoretical lay-out of the research and the theoretical lay-out includes two section : the first section deals with the study of (the ideational bases of Islamic religion and its effect on Islamic Art) . the second section deals with the study of the (structural formation of Op Art designs) .
Chapter three deals with the research procedures which includes identifying the research community which contains (35) artworks , and the research samples were (5) artworks , then the research instrument , research method , athetic and statistical means , and finally the samples analysis .
Chapter four includes the results , conclusions , resommenditions and suggestions of research .

The study of the relationship between achievement in the scientific lessons and achievement in the practical lessons is an important study to reveal the role played by these materials in developing the students' practical performance and to indicate the extent of the students' benefit from these materials. Therefore, the current research aims to uncover the relationship between students' achievement in art education and chemistry Physics and biology. The research included four chapters in the following manner:
The first chapter covered the research problem, which summarized the following question about the students' achievement in art education and chemistry, biology and physics. The first chapter included the importance of research and its need, then the research objectives and limits, as well as the definition of its terms.
The second section includes the theoretical framework for research and previous studies divided into three topics dealing with the first topic (the concept of art art education), while the second topic included (the beginnings of art education as a lesson in Iraqi schools) and the third topic on the reality of art education in the province of Babylon ), While the third chapter included the methodology of the research and its procedures. The researcher reviewed the research society which reached (92) male and female students while the sample of the study under study (92). The research methodology included the descriptive approach to study the relationship, Pearson) The fourth chapter has been The results of the research and discussion as well as conclusions and recommendations The most important findings of the research: the relationship between art education and physics applications:
The coefficient of correlation between the number of students (62) students in Physics and Art Education was (0.440) using a coefficient of correlation of Persen which is a reliable factor with a confidence level of 99%, thus rejecting the hypothesis that there is no relationship between students' achievement in art education and physics.

Schools are educational and educational institutions that help to raise students and interest in their artistic activities, whether they are descriptive or non-descriptive to form an important aspect of their lives to include many educational positions through which aspire to achieve their published goals. The school has the duty to develop individuals and form their personalities. During the various activities they do in or out of school. These activities include the work of the school journalist, and as a collective, they create communication messages, which are the main areas of communication between the students themselves and between the students, the school authorities and the parents or with the official bodies responsible for such activities.
As these magazines have a direct and effective effect that responds to students' needs in expression and creativity, they are compatible with the characteristics of their physical and mental development. They must be properly formed in which the technical form of the corrective process of all the elements and the technical laws to form the magazine as a whole with its printed pages is consistent with its values. Educational and educational contents aimed at not distracting the eye of the reader and make it more fun and receive when reading, so the current study aimed at forming the technical and content in the school journals, especially in the pages edited by students, including the field of more freedom of expression (Primary, intermediate, and preparatory) for a clear difference in different stages of growth and physical and mental maturity.
The study sample consisted of (12) edited pages of students divided into three study stages as mentioned above. This required the construction of an analysis form consisting of two areas (technical and content format) and (13) main fields, 44 of which were secondary and other details , The researcher used the Cooper equation to calculate the truth of the instrument and the equation of Scott to calculate the stability of the tool.
The most important conclusions reached by the researcher are:
1. There are no specific contexts in the design of the fields of study, so there is a difference in diversity in the fields of technical form and content associated with it.
2. The ideas came in the pages of the liberated students with a formal purpose entrusted to them by competent authorities.
3. Lack of interest in the dissemination of educational content in those pages with their lack of suitability and technical form on the page itself.

Social custom is one of the social controls that govern the behavior of members of societies, especially the Arab ones, and we found through the research journey that custom plays a large role in social control provided coordination between it and other controls, and therefore the relationship of habits and traditions and customs is a complementary relationship, they complete each other.
The activity of customary law has increased under the exceptional circumstances experienced by the Iraqi society after the fall of the former regime on 9/4/2003, and the formation of a government that did not meet the required level to defend the rights and lives of its people. Consequently, the members of the community went to their clans, thus, the importance of social custom has increased as a social officer approaching his power of law at present.
The research derived its scientific importance from the interrelated influences between custom, legislation and law, as custom is the main axis among these means that regulate the behavior of individuals and that are trying to encounter the negative customs that burdened the members of society.
The study used the historical method, the social survey method and the comparative approach. The tools used by the researcher to collect the data are the interview and the questionnaire
The stratified sample was selected from (160) respondents from Abi Gharaq district in Babil Governorate. The study was conducted during the period from 15/8/2017 to 24/10/2017

The present research aims at identifying the effect of teaching reading on the strategy of the strange link in the expressive performance of middle school students.
To investigate the research objective, the researcher formulated the following zero hypothesis:
"There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study the reading material of the strategy of the strange link and the average achievement of students of the control group who study reading in the traditional way in expressive performance" In the same way, the researcher chose two divisions for the research groups. The researcher rewarded the students of the two groups of research in the age of time, the academic achievement of the parents and the final grades of the Arabic language in the first semester test for the academic year 2016-2017. The researcher studied the behavioral objectives of the subjects (94) behavioral goals, and prepared typical teaching plans for each specific subject of the experiment. The researcher studied the experimental group using the strategy of the strange link And the control group according to the usual method, and the experiment lasted (12) weeks, and after the end of the experiment applied the post-test the students of the two sets of research, and used the researcher the appropriate statistical means of research, and the study reached (there is a difference of statistical significance at the level (0,05) between the mean performance of the experimental group who studied reading according to the strategy of the strange link and the average expressive performance of the students of the control group who studied reading in the usual way for the benefit of the experimental group

The research aims to find out the relationship between academic achievement in math and deductive thinking substance among fourth-grade students through the scientific answer to the following question, "What is the relationship between deductive mathematical thinking and academic achievement." Accordingly, the researchers developed a null hypothesis as following:
There is no correlation statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the scores of students in achievement and grades of students in the test deductive thinking.
The researchers used the descriptive approach, the appropriateness of the nature of the goal of the research and hypothesis.
To investigate, it prepared the test, to measure the inferential be thinking of (18) in its final paragraph. Researchers testing core sample was applied to search the (255) female students from the fourth grade science in the schools of the city of Baghdad (and of the General Directorate for Educational Baghdad's Karkh / 1) after conducting the statistical analysis of the paragraphs of the test.
The researchers used the following statistical tools:
SPSS statistical analysis software and the neutralization (t) test to know the significance of the correlation coefficient.
The researchers reached the following results:
1. The existence of positive correlation statistically significant relationship between the scores of students fourth grade science performance on the test of deductive thinking and achievement in mathematics.
The researchers recommended the need to educate students and teachers of the importance of mathematics and objectives related to thinking and deductive, and make some complementary studies to be studied.

The Mutual preoccupations in theater and cinema. There are those who say that the cinema was born from the womb of theater , but the truth is the cinema was able to establish for itself characteristics and language and privacy to be a new mediator has the aesthetics of influential and influenced by the rest of the seven arts and theater as one of these arts according to (canudo) classification so from here the researcher started to study the tagged research … so his study came in four chapters , chapter 1 : represented in the problem of the search that also represented in this question : how do the mutual preoccupations between the cinematic and theatrical intermediaries come about? , as for the importance of research that came because of the big reaching between these two mediators through depending these two mediators together on the picture and the word and techniques and a lot of joint names , and also to the desired benefit with confidence to the specialists and students of both intermediaries …then the research goals were : 1st :- the detecting of mechanisms for the functioning of mutual structures between these two mediators , 2nd:- the detecting the eloquence of the result of the participation of the two mediators in a common structure.
- the research indentified to study the functioning In a film that has started from the 1st mediator towards the 2nd mediator in a language that tried to preserve on the characteristics of both mediums grown aesthetic values , then was the definition of terms and procedural definition of the way artistic working and for mutual meaning …as for to the second chapter included the theoretical framework in which the researcher dealt with his subject through two topics the 1st specialized with studying the concept and the way of working of the structure of the two mediators , and the 2nd studied the way of working of both mediators, one with the other , and the researcher came out with indicators that he found summarized all his studies and it is suitable to be a tool to analyze his sample selected and then the previous studies.
and as for to the 3rd chapter , included the research procedures and represented the methodology of the research , and the researcher depended on the analytical descriptive method and then was the sample of the research in which the researcher adopted in film (Shakespeare in love) that taken from the play (Romeo and Juliet) for Shakespeare and the unity of analysis , which relied on the scene and picture and dialogue.as for to the 4th chapter included the most important conclusions and findings and also the recommendations and proposals that delve into the subject and its importance and answer the question of the problem , and achieve the objectives of the research, then the list of sources.