Iraqi Journal for Applied Science

In this study, a new ligand derived from Schiff base oxime-imine, namely (3Z)-3-((2-aminophenyl) imino) butan-2-one oxime (L) was prepared by the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with diacetyl monooxime at refluxing methanol. The structure of the ligand was confirmed by elemental analysis, and spectroscopic instruments (IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13CNMR and Maas spectrometry). Complexes of Zn (II) and Ni (II) metal ions with the specified ligand have been synthesized byreacting their chloride salts with the ligand in refluxing methanol, usinga 1:1 mole ratio of (ligand: metal). Elemental analysis, spectroscopic
techniques, magnetic moments and molar conductivity measurements confirmed the structure of the prepared complexes. The geometry of complexes was tetrahedral and square planar, for Zn (II) and Ni (II)
respectively

Urolithiasis is a Global health issue, a frequent and painful illness involvingkidney or urinary tract stones. Anatomical, environmental, genetic, viral, metabolic, dietary, and socioeconomic variables are among its causes. Thereis a 50% chance of recurrence within five years, and the frequency varies between 4 and 20% worldwide. This study aims to correlate stonecomposition with blood biochemical parameters in urolithiasis patients. 85blood samples were collected and divided between 45 patients with kidneystones and 40 controls. Urea, uric acid, creatinine, GFR, calcium, sodium, and phosphate were taken as effective parameters against the disease. presents a comparison between female patients with kidney stones and thecontrol group, showing no statistically significant differences in age, weight, or GFR levels (p > 0.05). However, levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, sodium, and phosphate were significantly higher in the patients (p<0.05). comparison between male patients with kidney stones and the control
group, levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, and sodium were significantlyhigher in the patients (p < 0.05). The level of both Uric acid and creatinine is
significantly high, in addition to electrolytes and calcium Increase in kidneystone disease. We note that urea, uric acid, and creatinine They are excellent
indicators for detection Kidney stones because they are vital signs Kidneydisease. As for electrolytes, represented by calcium, sodium, and phosphate, it depends mainly on nutrition and increasing their quantities, and this
increase leads to their accumulation in the kidneys, and thus stones areformed

In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using twodifferent methods: chemical precipitation and the sol-gel method, starting from ferric nitrate (Fe (NO3)3.9H2O). Initially, iron hydroxidewas obtained from the corresponding salt, followed by calcinationat
500°C for five hours to produce the nanoparticles. The synthesizedoxides were characterized using various techniques, including TEMandFE-SEM techniques to examine the surface nanoparticles morphology, size and study the microstructures, XRD to analyze the crystallinestructures of nanoparticles and EDX to analyze the elemental composition of nanomaterials. The anticancer activity of the synthesizednanoparticles was evaluated against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) using MTT assay at concentrations ranging (0 to 320 µg/mL). Theresults demonstrated that the nanoparticles possess distinctive physical and chemical properties and exhibit anticancer activity. Furthermore, thestudy found that the preparation method significantly influences theshape, size, and biological effectiveness of the nanoparticles. Hence, thefindings highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate preparationmethod to enhance the desired properties of these particles

This study aims to assess the natural radioactivity of radioactive isotopes
(Ra226, Th232and K40) in plant samples using a high-purity germanium (HpGe)
gamma-ray spectrometer. Fifteen plant samples, equally distributed among
vegetables, legumes, and grains, were collected from local markets in Kirkuk,
Iraq. The radioactivity of radionuclides was analyzed, and relevant radiation
risk indicators were calculated. Results showed that the specific activity of
Ra226 ranged from (0.46 to 50.04 Bq.kg-1
) while the specific activity of Th232
ranged from below detection limits (B.D.L. to 25.42 Bq.kg-1
). For K40, the
specific activity ranged from (90.35 to 587.60 Bq.kg-1
). Radiation risk
indicators were calculated, with radium equivalent (Raeq) values ranging from
(7.946 to 118.772 Bq.kg-1
). The gamma level index (Iγ) ranged from (0.067 to
0.876), while the external hazard coefficient (Hex) ranged from (0.021 to
0.320), and the internal hazard coefficient (Hin) ranged from (0.022 to 0.456).
The absorbed dose rate in air (D) was estimated to range from (4.268 to 63.728
nGy.h-1
). Annual external and internal effective doses were calculated, with
maximum values of (0.078 and 0.312 mSv.y-1
), respectively, and minimum
values of (0.001 and 0.020 mSv.y-1
), respectively. Variation in radiation risk
indicator values was observed, with some within internationally permissible
limits, while others exceeded these limits, particularly in vegetable samples.
This variation is attributed to the potential use of irrigation water with high
radioactive content, which may pose a potential risk to living organisms that
depend on these plants for food.

All birds are adapted to their different environments with respect to food
sources, reflecting their different life styles, therefore the birds have
different feeding habits, prominent differences in the structures of
their tongues. The study aimed to identify the morphological
characteristics and histological structure of the tongue in Larus genei
and its relationship to the feeding style. The study used five birds, which
were purchased from Al-Ghazel local market in Baghdad prominence.
The animals were anesthetized, and the tongue was removed and studied
morphologically. The tongue was fixed using Formalin (10%) for 48
hours, and the histological sections were prepared and stained using
Hematoxyline-Eosin for the histological study .The results showed that
the tongue in Larus genei characterized by the presence of a median
sulcus, and the conical papillae are spread on the superior surface of the
tongue. The superior and inferior surfaces of the tongue are covered
with stratified squamous epithelium. The epithelial lining the lamina
propria, which composed from loose connective tissue; in addition to,
the tongue is supported by a structure made up of hyaline cartilage. For
the longitudinal muscularis layer, it appears thin and occupies a small
part compared to the rest of the layers. Conclusion: The study revealed
that L. genei tongue possesses morphological characteristics such as
conical papillae and a median groove; it was found the presence of
hyaline cartilage

This study aimed to isolate bacteria from children infected with upper
and lower respiratory bacterial infections and study antibiotics
sensitivity patterns of isolated bacteria. This cross-sectional study
involved 120 pediatric participants, 71 males and 49 females T. These
individuals divided into three groups :severe ,moderate and mild
diagnosed by pediatricians. Acute infections of the nose, throat, and
larynx characterized upper respiratory infections; on the other hand,
chest pains, a protracted cough, copious sputum, dyspnea, fever, and
weight loss were the hallmarks of lower respiratory infections. pediatric
who were clinically suspected of having respiratory infections had their
throat and sputum samples taken aseptically. The samples were then
cultured in blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar. Colony
morphology and Gram stain were used to identify bacterial isolates, and
biochemical testing was used to corroborate the results. The agar disc
diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility
profile. Results of current study showed that lower respiratory tract
infections 71.7%, is more prevalence in investigated children than upper
respiratory tract infections 28.3%. Bacteria could cause severe
respiratory diseases, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26(21.6%) and
Klebsiella pneumonia 24(20%), wheras strep. Pneumonia 18(15%),
Haemophilus influenza 20(21.6%), were more repeated bacteria
associated with moderate respiratory diseases. However, in mild cases,
streptococcus pyogen is the most prevalent bacterium. The largest
proportion (30%) of the children who took part belonged to the age
group of 10-14 years, with 27.5% falling within the 1-4 years category,
21.7% within the 5-9 years group, and 20.8% under the age of 1 year.

Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism, affects middle-aged
individuals, affecting lipid metabolism. Risk factors include genetic,
environmental, and immunological factors. The aim of the study was to
examine the possible correlation between certain blood biomarkers in
individuals with Graves' disease before and after undergoing therapy with
radioactive iodine (RAI). Sixty grave’s disease patients, 30 of them was
received radioiodine therapy, in addition to 30 healthy people as control with
age range from (25-60) years old were enrolled in this study through their
presence at the AL-Amal National hospital for nuclear medicine in Baghdad.
Blood samples were collected to evaluate the level lipid profile, C-reactive
protein, complete blood count, sodium and calcium. Results showed highly
significant (P≤0.01) decreased in lipid profile parameters and a significant
increasing in C-reactive protein level in both groups, before and after
treatment, but no relation were found between GD and sodium and calcium.
Thyroid dysfunction had an obvious impact on lipid metabolism, Grave's
disease decreases lipid levels and increases body metabolism. Also increase
an inflammation in body leading to high CRP levels in patients. No
relationship found between electrolyte elements

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine, metabolic, and polygenic
genetic disorder that leads to infertility in about 10% of women of
reproductive age. The current study aims to assess the impact of some
hormone levels (prolactin, progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), TSH,
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin, and vitamin D3) on the risk of
polycystic ovarian syndrome in women living in the Diyala population. In
the current study, 33 samples from healthy women were used for the
control group; the 54 samples were obtained from women patients with
polycystic ovarian syndrome in the age range of 20 to 40 who returned to
Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital and Al-Shams Laboratories in the city of
Baqubah, the center of Diyala Governorate. The samples were collected
beginning in October 2022 and till in May 2023, for the group of patients
and healthy women’s. The current study's findings indicate that the levels
of LH, testosterone in female patients varied significantly (P<0.05), in
comparison to healthy women (7.78±3.62 Vs 5.43±2.81 and 0.52±0.21 VS
0.17±0.09). Conversely, it was shown that female patients' levels of
vitamin D3 (24.31±11.85) were lower than those of healthy females
(35.66±15.64). Lastly, there were no statistically significant changes (P >
0.05) found between the female patients and the healthy female patients in
the levels of FSH, TSH, prolactin, and insulin. In addition to the existence
of additional positive and negative correlations between the current
variables, which are not significant, the study's results demonstrated a
significant positive correlation between testosterone and FSH (P = 0.026,
R = 0.304*) based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The current
study's results indicate that LH and testosterone had the highest sensitivity
(72% and 74%) and specificity (55% and 58%) at cut-off points (4.37 and
0.17), as well as a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in identifying
patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, based on the ROC curve, which
is used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of variables in
diagnosing patients with the syndrome

Optimizing task distribution and resource allocation becomes crucial
with the exponential growth of IoT devices and the proliferation of edge
computing. On the other hand, building such a flexible model about
resources inside a heterogeneous climate is difficult. Also, the increasing
demand for IoT services necessitated working to reduce the time delay
by accomplishing successful load balancing. The objective of this study
is to enhance load balancing by ensuring equitable allocation of
resources among workloads, thereby enhancing Quality of Service
(QOS) in cloud computing and minimizing processing time (PT), hence
decreasing response time (RT). Our methodology presents a
decentralized system with multiple agents that utilize the nodes in the
edge and the cloud to distribute the workload caused by incoming tasks
and the cost of performing those tasks. A collaborative model is
followed to allocate the tasks to the resources to increase the utilization
of available resources

Automatic essay scoring (AES) has gained significant popularity in recent
years as it provides an efficient and unbiased means of evaluating student
writing. Efficient and objective assessment of student writing is essential
for educators, as it offers valuable feedback that can aid students in
enhancing their writing abilities and achieving academic success. This
study offers an extensive examination of several AES frameworks,
investigating their performance indicators, underlying algorithms, and
suitability for use in a range of educational contexts. The paper examined
the three main frameworks of AES, which include content-based, machine
learning (ML), and hybrid methods, highlighting the benefits and
drawbacks of each. In the end, this analysis hopes to improve automated
grading technologies and their integration into educational practices by
providing educators, policymakers, and technologists with information
about the strengths and weaknesses of AES frameworks through the
synthesis of recent research and developments.