Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

In this work, the possibility of utilizing osmosis phenomenon to produce energy as a
type of the renewable energy using Thin Film Composite Ultra Low Pressure
membrane TFC-ULP was studied. Where by forward osmosis water passes through
the membrane toward the concentrated brine solution, this will lead to raise the head
of the high brine solution. This developed static head may be used to produce energy.
The aim of the present work is to study the static head developed and the flux on the
high brine water solution side when using forward and reverse osmosis membranes
for an initial concentration range from 35-300 g/l for each type of membrane used at
room temperature and pressure conditions, and finally calculating the maximum
possible power generated from developed static head.

An experimental and numerical study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer
by natural convection in a three dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous
media (silica sand) between two inclined concentric cylinders with (and without)
annular fins attached to the inner cylinder under steady state condition. The
experiments were carried out for a range of modified Rayleigh number (0.2 ≤Ra*
≤ 11)
and extended to Ra*
=500 for numerical study and for annulus inclination angle of
(δ = 0˚, 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚). The numerical study was to give the governing equation
under assumptions that used Darcy law and Boussinesq’s approximation and then it
was solved numerically using finite difference approximation. It was found that the
average Nusselt number depends on (Ra*
, Hf, δ and Rr ). The results showed that the
increasing of the fin length increases the heat transfer rate for any fin pitch unless the
area of the inner cylinder exceeds that of the outer one; then the heat will be stored in
the porous media. A comparison was made between the results of the present work
and those of other researches for the case without fins and excellent agreement was
obtained.

Spent hydrodesulfurization (Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3) catalyst generally contains valuable
metals like molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), aluminium (Al) on a supporting material,
such as γ-Al2O3. In the present study, a two stages alkali/acid leaching process was
conducted to study leaching of cobalt, molybdenum and aluminium from Co-Mo/γAl2O3 catalyst. The acid leaching of spent catalyst, previously treated by alkali
solution to remove molybdenum, yielded a solution rich in cobalt and aluminium

Accurate predictive tools for VLE calculation are always needed. A new method is
introduced for VLE calculation which is very simple to apply with very good results
compared with previously used methods. It does not need any physical property
except each binary system need tow constants only. Also, this method can be applied
to calculate VLE data for any binary system at any polarity or from any group family.
But the system binary should not confirm an azeotrope. This new method is
expanding in application to cover a range of temperature. This expansion does not
need anything except the application of the new proposed form with the system of two
constants. This method with its development is applied to 56 binary mixtures with
1120 equilibrium data point with very good accuracy. The developments of this
method are applied on 13 binary systems at different temperatures which gives very
good accuracy