Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

A liquid-solid chromatography of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) on (diethylaminoethyl-cellulose) DEAE-cellulose
adsorbent is worked experimentally, to study the effect of changing the influent concentration of (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1
mg/ml) at constant volumetric flow rate Q=1ml/min. And the effect of changing the volumetric flow rate (1, 3, 5, and 10
ml/min) at constant influent concentration of Co=0.125mg/ml. By using a glass column of (1.5cm) I.D and (50cm)
length, packed with adsorbent of DEAE-cellulose of height (7cm). The influent is introduced in to the column using
peristaltic pump and the effluent concentration is investigated using UV-spectrophotometer at 30oC and 280nm
wavelength. A spread (steeper) break-through curve is gained at lean feed concentration of 0.125mg/ml, while the flow
rate greater than (3ml/min) is almost the same. So it is butter to work at low volumetric flow rate between (1-3) ml/min.
The equilibrium-dispersion model of liquid-solid chromatography for a binary mixture, related with Langmuir isotherm
correlation is used in the modeling of this work. The resulting model is solved numerically by using MATLAB V.6.5
program.

In the present study, the removal of zinc from synthetic waste water using emulsion liquid membrane extraction
technique was investigated. Synthetic surfactant solution is used as the emulsifying agent. Diphenylthiocarbazon
(ditizone) was used as the extracting agent dissolved in carbon tetrachloride as the organic solvent and sulfuric acid is
used as the stripping agent. The parameters that influence the extraction percentage of Zn+2 were studied. These are the
ratio of volume of organic solvent to volume of aqueous feed (0.5-4), ratio of volume of surfactant solution to volume of
aqueous feed (0.2-1.6), pH of the aqueous feed solution (5-10), mixing intensity (100-1000) rpm, concentration of
extracting agent (20-400) ppm, surfactant concentration (0.2-2) wt.%, contact time (3-30) min, and concentration of
strip phase (0.25-2) M . It was found that 87.4% of Zn+2 can be removed from the aqueous feed solution at the optimum
operating conditions. Further studies were carried out on extraction percentages of other toxic metal ions (As+3, Hg+2
,
Pb+2, Cd+2) by using the same optimum conditions which were obtained for zinc ions except for the pH of the feed
solutions. The pH values for best extraction percentages of arsenic, lead, and cadmium were (1, 10, 10) respectively.
Maximum extraction percentage of (98.5, 95.5 and 93.8) was obtained for arsenic, lead, and cadmium respectively,
while mercury was completely removed from the aqueous feed solution within the acidic pH range

A range of batch experiments were carried out for the estimation of the key process parameters in adsorption of
Furfural from aqueous solution onto activated carbon in fixed-bed adsorber. A batch absorber model has been used to
determine the external mass transfer coefficient (kf) which equal to 6.24*10-5 m/s and diffusion coefficient (Dp) which
equal to 9.875*10-10 m2/s for the Furfural system. The Langmuir model gave the best fit for the data at constant
temperature (30oC). The pore diffusion mathematical model using nonlinear isotherm provides a good description of the
adsorption of Furfural onto activated carbon

In this work, a numerical study is performed to predict the solution of two – dimensional, steady and laminar mixed
convection flow over a square cylinder placed symmetrically in a vertical parallel plate. A finite difference method is
employed to solve the governing differential equations, continuity, momentum, and energy equation balances. The
solution is obtained for stream function, vorticity and temperature as dependent variables by iterative technique known
as successive over relaxation. The flow and temperature patterns are obtained for Reynolds number and Grashof
number at (Re= -50,50,100,-100) (positive or negative value refers to aidding or opposing buoyancy , +1 assisting
flow, -1 opposing flow) and (102 to 105) , respectively. The results displaced that the recirculation length above the
cylinder increases with the increase in Gr number and the average Nu number is the highest at the lower surface of the
cylinder, while is the lowest at the top of the cylinder surface. A comparison between the obtained results and the
published computational studies has been made and it showed a good agreement.

PC-based controller is an approach to control systems with Real-Time parameters by controlling selected manipulating
variable to accomplish the objectives. Shell and tube heat exchanger have been identified as process models that are
inherently nonlinear and hard to control due to unavailability of the exact models’ descriptions. PC and analogue input
output card will be used as the controller that controls the heat exchanger hot stream to the desired temperature.
The control methodology by using four speed pump as manipulating variable to control the temperature of the hot
stream to cool to the desired temperature.
In this work, the dynamics of cross flow shell and tube heat exchanger is modeled from step changes in cold water flow
rate (manipulated variable). The model is identified to be First Order plus Dead Time (FOPDT).
The objective of this work is to design and implement a controller to regulate the outlet temperature of hot water that is
taken as controlled variable. The comparison of the designed PI controller with the PC-Based controller performance
(according to rise time, percentage overshoot and settling time) shows a good agreement for PC-Based to control the
system.

This research aimed to examine the effect of concentration of dyes stuff, contact time, temperature and ratio of
adsorbent weight in (gm) to volume of solution in (ml) on the percentage removal. Two dyes were used; direct blue 6
and direct yellow and the adsorbent was the maize cob. Batch experiments were performed by contacting different
weights of adsorbent with 50 ml of solution of desired concentration with continuous stirring at various temperatures.
The percentage of removal was calculated and the maximum percentage of removal was 80%. And as the concentration
of solution, contact time, temperature and the ratio of adsorbent to volume of solution increase the percentage of
removal increase.

An investigation was conducted for dewaxing of lubricating oil fraction by urea to reduce the pour point.In this study
mixture of 45 % methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 55 % toluene was used as a solvent. The studied variables are mixing
time (10-70 min), solvent to oil volume ratio (0.5:1- 2:1), urea to wax weight ratio (2- 6) and constant mixing speed
1500 rpm. By analysis of the experimental results, the best operating conditions achieved are mixing time 40 min,
solvent/oil 2:1 volume ratio, and urea/wax 4:1 weight ratio. At these conditions the pour point of the lubricating oil
decreases from 24 ° C to -13 °C.

The corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in1N HCl solution in the presence of peach juice at temperature
(30,40,50,and 60)°C at concentration ( 5, 10, 20, 30, 40and 50 cm3/L)were studied using weight loss and polarization
techniques. Results show that the inhibition efficiency was increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration and
increased with the increase of temperature up to 50ºC ,above 50ºC (i.e. at 60 ºC) the values of efficiency decreases.
Activation parameters of the corrosion process such as activation energies, Ea, activation enthalpies, ∆H, and
activation entropies, ∆S, were calculated. The adsorption of inhibitor follows Langmuir isotherm. Maximum inhibition
efficiency obtained was a bout 91% at 50ºC in the 50 cm3/L inhibitor concentration. The polarization curves show that
peach Juice is a mixed inhibitor.