Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

The biosorption of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) from simulated aqueous solutions using baker’s yeast biomass was
investigated. Batch type experiments were carried out to find the equilibrium isotherm data for each component (single,
binary, and ternary), and the adsorption rate constants. Kinetics pseudo-first and second order rate models applied to the
adsorption data to estimate the rate constant for each solute, the results showed that the Cd (II), Pb (II), and Hg (II)
uptake process followed the pseudo-second order rate model with (R2
) 0.963, 0.979, and 0.960 respectively. The
equilibrium isotherm data were fitted with five theoretical models. Langmuir model provides the best fitting for the
experimental results with (R2
) 0.992, 0.9987, and 0.9995 for Cd (II), Pb (II), and Hg (II) respectively. The effect of
various influent adsorbates concentrations, and flow rates on the performance of fixed bed adsorber was found for the
three heavy metals.
A mathematical model was formulated to describe the breakthrough curves in the fixed bed adsorber for each
component. The results show that the mathematical model provides a good description of the adsorption process for Cd
(II), Pb (II), and Hg (II) onto fixed bed of baker’s yeast biomass.

Sawdust has the ability to adsorb the dyestuff from aqueous solution. It may be useful low cost adsorbent for the treatment of effluents, discharged from textile industries. The effectiveness of sawdust has been tested for the removal of color from the wastewater samples containing two dyes namely Direct Blue (DB) and Vat Yellow (VY). Effect of various parameters such as agitation time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of each dye has been investigated in the present study. The adsorption of dyes has been tested with various adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherms model is found to be the most suitable one for the dye adsorption using sawdust and the maximum adsorption capacity is 8.706 mg/g and 6.975 mg/g for DB and VY respectively. The adsorption process is best described by second-order kinetics and the corresponding rate constants (K2) are obtained which are found to be 0.2837g/mg.min and 0.1274 g/mg.min for DB and VY respectively at the maximum concentration.

In order to reduce hydrostatic pressure in oil wells and produce oil from dead oil wells, laboratory rig was constructed,
by injecting LPG through pipe containing mixture of two to one part of East Baghdad crude oil and water. The used
pressure of injection was 2.0 bar, which results the hydrostatic pressure reduction around 246 to 222 mbar and flow rate
of 34.5 liter/hr fluid (oil-water), at 220 cm injection depth. Effects of other operating parameters were also studied on the
behavior of two phase flow and on the production of oil from dead oil wells.

The synthesis of zeolite NaX from locally available kaolin has been studied. The operating conditions for zeolite NaX
production from kaolin with good crystallinity were as follows; a gel formation step of metakaolin in alkaline medium in
presence of additional silica to crystallize the zeolite was achieved at 60 oC for 1 hr,and with stirring. In ageing step of
the reactants at room temperature for 5 days and crystallization step at 87±2 oC for 24 hr. The catalytic activity of
catalyst prepared from local kaolin was studied by using cumene cracking as a model for catalytic cracking and
compared with standard HY zeolite and HX zeolite catalysts. The activity test was carried out in a laboratory continuous
flow unit with fixed bed reactor at duration time in the range 10-240 minutes, temperature 823 K, and LHSV 1 h-1. The
prepared and the standard catalysts were characterized by atomic absorption, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, surface area and pore volume.

An investigation was conducted for the determination of the effects of the forming conditions in the production of
Gamma Alumina catalyst support on the crushing strength property. Eight variables were studied , they are ;binder
content which is the sodium silicate , Solvent content which is the water, speed of mixing , time of mixing, drying
temperature , drying time , calcinations temperature and the calcinations time
Design of the experiments was made by using the response Surface method in Minitab 15 software which supply us 90
experiments .
The results of this investigation show that the crushing strength for the dried Gamma alumina extrudate was affected by
the drying temperature and the drying time only and there is no interaction effect between the variables studied.
Furthermore, the results show that, the crushing strength for the calcined extrudate was affected by the speed of mixing
only and the optimum speed is 900rpm.
The maximum crushing strength of 38.38 after calcinations and 11.865 Kg/mm after drying were obtained
Keywords: Gamma Alumina, Catalyst Support, Crushing strength.

Spent catalysts for sulfuric acid production have large amount of vanadium and due to environmental authority it is
required to reduce the vanadium contain of the spent catalyst. Experimental investigation was conducted to study the
vanadium recovery from spent catalyst via leaching process using sodium hydroxide to study the effect of process
variables (temperatures, sodium hydroxide molarities, leaching time and particle size) on vanadium recovery. The effect
of process variables (temperature, particle size,molarities of sodium hydroxide and leaching time) on the percentages of
vanadium recovery were investigated and discussed .It was found that the percentage of vanadium recovery increased
with increasing temperature up to 100 , increasing sodium hydroxide molarity from 2 to 4M, increasing leaching
time, decreasing particle size from mesh 150, 100 and 65. A complete vanadium recovery was achieved at the following
conditions: temperature (100˚c), particle size (150 mesh ) molarity of Na OH(4 molar) and leaching time(5 h).