Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Sciences

ABSTRACT
Streptococcus bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), are significant pathogens responsible for a variety of skin infections, including impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, and more severe conditions like necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. These infections often present with symptoms such as inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin, collectively known as dermatitis. which degrade host tissues and evade the immune system. doxycycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is also used due to its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, thereby halting bacterial growth and multiplication. Fusidic acid, another antibiotic, is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria like S. pyogenes, and it has demonstrated high sensitivity in treating these infections. Its anti-inflammatory properties further enhance its efficacy in reducing inflammation associated with skin infections. This study has been conducted in order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline by compare with fusidic acid. The focus is on their roles as an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents in treating mice with dermatitis caused by Streptococcus bacteria.
This study found that groups G3 (DOXY + VAZ), G5 (FUS), and G6 (DOXY + FUS) showed the most significant changes in their immune parameters, including LYMP and NEUT ratios, IL-6 levels, and CRP levels. These findings implied that these groups\' therapies were quite successful in modifying their immune responses. Conclusion: Doxycycline is a potentially effective treatment for streptococcal dermatitis due to its dual roles as an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory. Its capacity to suppress important inflammatory pathways and control pro-inflammatory cytokines sets it apart from other medications like fusidic acid.

The research conducted to isolate and identify the opportunistic pathogen Serratia rubidaea from other similar species using mice models for S. rubidaea infections. 100 fecal samples were taken from cattle in Baghdad City which were identified by biochemical tests, Vitek 2 compact, and PCR analysis, then sequencing for 16S rRNA. Twenty-four albino mice of both genders were divided into three groups: infectious and control. The first group infected with 1.5×108 cfu. (0.1ml\orally), the second group infected with 3.0×108cfu (0.1ml\orally), and the third group as negative control were injected with 0.1ml PBS. To characterize infection in mice numerous criteria were employed including clinical signs, mortality, and histological changes. From the collected fecal samples, 12 (12%) of the Serratia isolates were isolated using culture media, the isolates were positively identified as 99% S.rubidea using Vitke 2, and 98% by sequencing when matching with GenBank references was found registered the bacterial isolate with accession No. (OR757107.1). The histopathological changes of the intestine showed degenerative changes in the submucosal glands, cystic dilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. while kidney exhibited vascular congestion, dilation of vessels, cellular swelling of the tubular epithelial lining, interstitial hemorrhage, and glomerular capillary congestion, and liver showed inflammatory cell infiltration around hepatic vessels, narrowing of hepatic sinusoids, focal hepatic necrosis with mild inflammation, perivascular inflammation, portal vein dilation, and periductal inflammatory infiltration. Finally, spleen displayed congestion in the red pulp, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp and splenic follicles, and scattered megakaryocytes. Some splenic follicles showed variation in size.

This study was carried out to preparation of the chemical colchicine at a dose of (2.5 mg/kg body weight) , which, in the form of a powder in a sealed. And determines its effect on male fertility by evaluate the physiological bioassay of both sexual hormone and sperm parameters .
This study aimed at the determining the side effects of Colchicine and effectiveness on the sperm and the fertility of adult male rats. The experiment was carried out at Tikrit University's College of Veterinary Medicine in the animal house. Hence, 20 adult male rats and their weight was 300 gram were used for physiological bioassay challenge of the colchicine . The animals were split up into Two groups, with ten animals in each group for a duration of thirty days. First, the distilled water was administered as the control group, whereas oral colchicine (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered once a day to the second group.
The results of the study indicated that the group receiving colchicine alone had significantly lower levels of FSH (P ≤ 0.05) (0.1280 ± 0.0316) when compared with control group (0.2390 ± 0.0119). Additionally, the group treated with colchicine alone revealed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of testosterone hormone (2.280 ± 1.080) compared with control group (4.363 ± 1.337) and a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the level of LH (0.1120 ± 0.0103) compared with control group (0.2120 ± 0.0193).
The study found that the group receiving colchicine alone had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fewer sperm (3.500 ± 1.080) compared with control group (6.300 ± 1.337). Furthermore demonstrated a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in sperm viability in the colchicine-only group (71.500 ± 1.958) compared with control group (89.900 ± 1.792) . Additionally, significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in sperm motility in the colchicine-only group demonstrated (43.330 ± 1.958) compared with control group(82.570 ± 1.792) and a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the sperm abnormality demonstrated in the colchicine-only group (46.400 ± 1.958 ) compared with control group (18.600 ± 1.792) .
Colchicine treatment had an impact on the fertility of adult male rats, resulting in decreased testosterone, FSH and LH levels as well as decreased sperm motility, count, and viability and increased sperm abnormalities.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of coenzyme Q10 dietary supplements on the humeral immune response (IgY) and certain liver functions including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in broiler Ross (308). vaccinated with different programs (recombinant HVT-IBD single dose at one day old, classical vaccines D78 at eight days old, and E228 at 16 days old). Two hundred and ten broilers were separated into seven categories, with 30 chicks each group. T1, feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T2: feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (rHVT); T3: feed Q10 (40 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T4; feed Q10 (40 mg/kg) and vaccinated by (rHVT): T5; vaccinated (D78, E288) only: T6; vaccinated (rHVT) only: T7; negative control. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) titers were measured on day 15, revealing that groups T4 and T2 showed significantly higher titers (P≤0.05) compared to the other groups. Additionally, data from days 25 and 33 showed a consistent increase in IgY levels across the experimental period. Furthermore, serum antibody titers for viral diseases and the liver enzymes AST and ALP were significantly altered in Q10-treated groups compared to controls (P≤0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 at levels of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg resulted in a significant enhancement in serum antibody titers against infectious bursal disease (IBD), while liver enzyme activity declined over the course of the experiment.

The current study aimed to detect Cryptosporidium canis in dogs in Mosul, Iraq. To achieve this objective, fecal samples from a total of 95 local dogs located in Mosul city were collected between September 2023 and April 2024. Direct, flotation, and fluorescent techniques were used for identifying the parasite. Iodin and Giemsa stains used as basic protocols for fecal smear samples, alongside acridine orange stain was used for fluorescence microscopy monitoring. For Cryptosporidium species, 45 specimens (47.4%) had been confirmed. Dogs younger than one year old (59.6%), Male dogs (78.6%), stray dogs (56%) reported the most rates of Cryptosporidiosis. This study concluded that detection of Cryptosporidium canis with the fluorescent using (acridine orange (was the most effective technique that showed positive results.

This study aims to analyze the histological changes in the skin of local rabbits with age for connective tissue. A group of histological staining techniques was used to examine skin samples taken from rabbits at different age stages. These techniques include routine staining (Harris’s Hematoxylin and Alcoholic Eosin). Through these techniques, we were able to analyze and quantify changes in skin composition, including the dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results showed that aging leads to clear changes in the composition of the skin, The study also revealed changes in the structure of blood vessels in the skin, as an increase in the size and number of blood vessels was observed in aging skin tissue. These changes reflect the effects of aging on skin circulation, which may affect skin tissue nutrition and its ability to regenerate.

This study aimed to know the protective effect of olive leaf extract against the side effects of Paracetamol in male rats such as liver & renal functions , antioxidant test (MDA, GSH) s in male rats. The study was conducted in the animal house of the Veterinary Medicine College, Tikrit University during the period (1. Desember.2023 to 30. December.2023). 24 adult male rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups each group consists of 8 rats. These group are G1 (control), G2 (Paracetamol 1000mg/kg.B.W), G3(Paracetamol 1000mg/kg.B.W,+ Olive leaves extract 500mg/kg.B.W. Result of This study showed significantly increase (P≤0.05) in liver enzymes, MDA, Urea, creatinine and also a significant decrease in GSH parameter in G2 receiving (Paracetamol 1000mg/kg) after 30 days from treatment compared with control group but significantly graduated decreased (P≤0.05) in Paracetamol + olive leaf extract treated G3 due to protective effect of OLE .However after treatment with the Paracetamol +OLE group detected a significant increase (P≤0.05) in GSH parameter compared to Paracetamol group. Conclusion: The OLE has a significant protective effect from Paracetamol on some side effects in the hematological and biochemical parameters the male rats.

skin is formed by epidermis, dermis and hypodermis and this forma is indicated as embryological Perspective, Epidermis is derived from ectoderm, while dermis and hypodermis. Are originating from meso derma. The present study was designed to follow up the embryonic development of skin in bat at different stage of embryonic Period, (65) Sixty five Rats was included in this study. Twenty two(22) adult male and fourth three (43)adult female. The mating af animal was Performed and the whole females were put under observation to ensure its comes to pregnancy by showing the preserve of reginal plague at day one after meeting. From day eight to tenth of pregnancy. the skin of fetus were examined which indicated the presence of delicate Cells in the epidermis with farces of Keratin. The deeper layers were containing Newly formation of blood vessels without blood, finny hairs, sweat ducts and nerve Connection were Still newly formed which continue to fourteenth day of Pregnancy, The next days of pregnancy indicated Progress growth of epidermal cells and Collagen fibers in the dermis associated with Primordial hair follicles. The conclusion / Between day 8 and 14 of pregnancy the fetus of Rats were developed its skin and continuous growth of the skin layers with its accessories.

The aim of this study was to investigate the histology of the lungs in local rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) at three different stages of development. A total of eighteen rabbits were used in the study, with lung tissue samples collected at 17 and 27 days in utero, as well as at 6 months after birth. The lung undergoes various histomorphological changes during embryonic development, including the embryonic, Pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages. The objective of this research was to examine the histological characteristics of the normal lung tissue in local rabbits. Histological analysis revealed the presence of alveoli, as well as fibrin and individual red blood cells in some of the lung tissue samples. Additionally, a few alveolar macrophages, as well as type Ⅰ and type II cells, were observed in the alveolar spaces.

The aim of the study is to improve the semen characteristics of Afghan goats. This study was conducted in the animal field of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/University of Diyala during the period from 10/6/2022 until 10/9/2022, and microscopic examinations of semen were conducted in the physiology laboratory of the Department of Animal Production. It was done in the Al-Amin Medical Laboratory For pathological analyses/Baquba, the experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups and four replicates for each group. The first group was without injection (the comparison) and the other three groups were injected with different concentrations of L-carnitine every three days. My agencies: The second group was injected with 25 mg of L-carnitine/kg body weight. The third group was injected with 50 mg of carnitine/kg body weight, and the fourth group was injected with 75 mg of carnitine/kg body weight. The animals were trained in the process of collecting semen for 10 days before the tests began. At the end of each month, semen was collected and semen tests were performed.
The results of the study showed that injection of L-Carnitine at a concentration of 75 mg led to a significant increase in the volume of ejaculate, the mass matility of sperm, the individual movement of normal sperm, the concentration of sperm, the percentage of live sperm, and the percentage of live, dead, and deformed sperm

This study was conducted at Khairat Al-Ittihad station in Al-Shumali district / Babil Governorate from period 7/20/2023 until 4/1/2024, to study birth weights and wool traits of ewes in local sheep by (20) Awassi and (20) Naimiya, in addition to (20) Awassi crossir Naimi. The study aimed to compare three breeds of local sheep for the traits of the dams weight at birth, the weight of the newborn, the body weight, and body dimensions, in addition to studying the traits of the wool, the weight of the raw and clean fleece, the length of the tuft, the length of the fiber, the number of folds, and the softness fiber. , tensile strength, elongation, fiber diameter and oil ratio , with a study of blood compound represented by total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and Creatine , as well as a study of correlation and regression for the studied traits. A highly positive correlation was found between the clean fleece weight and each of the after weight, 0.922, the rumps height, 0.603, and the forefoot height, 0.679, while a highly significant, negative correlation was found between the clean fleece weight and each of the chest circumference,- 0.389 and the abdominal circumference, 0.599 - and the body mass index, 0.600 - and a positive significant correlation with... Body length 0.318. There is also a highly significant, positive correlation between hair length and chest circumference, 0.312, and a highly significant, negative correlation between fiber length and postpartum weight, 0.381 - and significant with chest circumference, 0.255. As for the correlation between body length and total protein, it was highly significant, positive, 0.538, significant with triglycerides, 0.262, and a negative significant correlation. Between the height and the triglycerides is -0.293. The study showed that there was a significant regression for body weight on body length by 0.227 kg/cm, and a highly significant regression for body weight on Body height by 0.574 kg, chest circumference 0.574 kg/cm, front height 0.225 kg/cm, and abdominal circumference 0.697. kg/cm. There was a highly significant regression of the clean fleece weight on both the raw fleece weight of 1.089 kg and the tensile strength of 0.181. There was a significant regression in the weight of clean fleece on triglycerides by 6.629. We note from the coefficient of determination that it ranges between the highest value of 0.800 in raw weight and the lowest value of 0.010 in Creatinene .

Given the importance of glutathione as an antioxidant, the study aimed to determine the effect of glutathione on the characteristics of semen in local goats. this study was conducted in the ruminant field of the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture, Diyala University. Local billy goats were trained continuously for two weeks as a preliminary stage for collecting semen. using an artificial vagina with microscopic examination of the required semen characteristics to make it ready for collection during the study period. The trial period lasted from 1/7/2022 to 1/10/2022. 15 sexually mature male local goats were used, their ages ranging from 1 to 1.5 years and their weights ranging from 35 to 40 kg. It was completed to divide the animals into 3 totals, where She was all group contains on 5 duplicates. and it was The difference in weights of the animals in all groups ranges from 1 to 1.5 kg. T1 injected Transaction The first 10ml poison was distilled water under the skin, and it was considered the treatment control while glutathione was dissolved in 10ml For each transaction, the other and in levels different from glutathione under skin, as follows: In the second transaction, T2 injected an amount of 15 mg for every kilo and transaction. Third, T3 injected by an amount of 30 mg for every kilo, end all month. It was completed with plural questioner semen using the vaginal artificial and procedure ratings necessary for the adjectives required. The results showed that injection of glutathione led to rise (p<0.05) in the wass matitits in T3 in comparison with the. T1andT2 as for individual matitits, it has decreased in T1compared withT2andT3 Sperm concentration was higher in both treatments. T2sndT3 on a transaction, T1control: The results showed that the percentage of live, dead, and deformed sperm was significantly higher than the treatment. Compared with other transactions .

This study examined an anatomical and histological comparison of the esophagus for two types of poultry birds, the Wild ducks and the cogen chicken, the anatomical results showed that the esophagus in both birds is a relatively long, straight, tubular structure with a high capacity for expansion that connects the oral cavity to the stomach, and in ducks it is relatively long and extends on the dorsal side of the trachea. The airway is on the right side of the neck. It has a thin wall and has a high ability to expand because it contains many longitudinal folds, which contribute to absorbing large amounts of food. These folds make it difficult to identify the gizzard. The esophagus consists of two parts, a cervical esophagus and a thoracic esophagus.
As for the cogen chicken, the esophagus expands in the middle, forming a part known as the gizzard. It divides the esophagus into two parts, the upper part is called the cervical esophagus. The cervical part, or upper esophagus, represents the upper esophagus part of the esophagus, and the lower esophagus, which is called the thoracic part, is shorter than the upper esophagus. The esophagus is a bulge in the form of a thin-walled sac, consisting of two bilobed lobes, and its wall contains small, prominent folds. In its beginning.
Histologically, the esophagus of both birds consists of four tunicates: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous, and the epithelial layer contains stratified squamousepitheliumIt is wide, and in the Cogen chicken it was almost keratinized, with the presence of simple tubular esophageal glands in both birds in the basic lamina of the wall, and their number was less in ducks than in chickens, and the muscular mucosal layer is not present in ducks, and its presence is limited only to the upper part of the esophagus, which is thin and longitudinal in arrangement.
As for the muscular and serous layers, they were in the same tissue arrangement, except for the difference in layer thickness. In ducks, it was thicker.