Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

The arrival of Neville Chamberlain to the power represented the beginning of the British government abandon of the social security principle, which depends on the League of Nations in solving international problems and to pursue a policy of conciliation among the great powers in Europe:- Britain, France, Italy and Germany to avoid resorting to the armed dispute and to spread peace in Europe. Yet the main goal was to grant Britain a sufficient time to complete arming. Chamberlain started the first step of this policy in an attempt to strengthen the British - Italian relations and then respond to Germany’s demands of annexation the areas that were taken by the Treaty of Versailles starting with the German annexation of Austria and Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia according to Munich conference, and then the final occupation of Czechoslovakia. But the British public opinion pressure and the opposition high voices in the House of Commons calling for the need to take a tough stance of the German thrusts, had push Chamberlain government to a sudden change in its policy from an appeasement policy to a policy of deter and resist any force trying to block the peace in Europe. The effect of this policy when the Chamberlain government provided the Polish government with a guarantee to resist any action that threatens its independence and culminated with the Britain participation World War II. However, the Chamberlain government collapsed after seven months of the outbreak of the war because of the failure of the British government to put an end to the march of the German forces towards Denmark and Norway, the matter which excite the parliament and public opinion about the government's weakness and its inability tocontinue. the war .

The current research aims at revealing the dimensions of the chemical literacy included in the books of chemistry of the third intermediate classes. The two researchers followed the content analysis method, which is one of the methods of the descriptive approach, since the researchers analyzed the book of chemistry for the third intermediate class for the academic year (2013-2014). The two researchers adopted the explicit idea as a recording unit and the stability of the analysis was calculated in agreement with two external analysts as well as with the researcher himself with time using Cooper equation. The two researchers prepared a list of the dimensions of the chemical literacy in its elementaryformula through access to the previous literature and studies related to the scientific and chemical literacy. The list was presented to a group of experts and specialists in the field of methods of teaching sciences and psychology. Also, it was presented to some specialists in the field of chemistry to make the tool meet the conditions of honesty, and its virtual honesty has been confirmed reaching 80%. Then, the two researchers presented the tool of the research (the dimensions of the chemical literacy) to a number of experts and asked them to determine the percentage that supposed to be included in the book of chemistry for the third intermediate class for each dimension. After completing the analysis, it was found that the book of chemistry for the third intermediate has (410) ideas about the dimensions of the chemical literacy distributed upon six dimensions that focus on the chemical knowledge and processes of science, where the two dimensions have got the percentages (% 48.78) and (% 29.26) respectively. And the dimension of the mutual relationship between chemistry, technology, and society has got the percentage (%26.11), while the two dimensions (understanding the nature of chemistry and the acquisition of positive attitudes towards the science of chemistry) have got the same percentage (%5.37) which is a low percentage ,whereas the book was neglected after the environmental problems resulting from the technology of chemistry. As the percentages of the dimensions, included in the book, are not identical and move away from the criterion percentages suggested by the experts. In the light of the results of the research, the two researchers recommend with a number of recommendations and suggestion .

investigating the roles performed by practicum advisors (teaching staff members and cooperating and school teachers) in guiding and enabling female student teachers acquire basic skills targeted in the 16-credit hour practicum program The study aims at investigating the roles performed by practicum advisors (teaching staff members and cooperating and school teachers) in guiding and enabling female student teachers acquire basic skills targeted in the 16-credit hour practicum program. To achieve this aim the researchers prepared a questionnaire that included the most significant basic skills by analyzing the main draft issued by the Ministry of Higher Education, reviewing the most important studies and researches relevant to this work, and accounting for the ecommendations of seminars and workshops related to the practicum program. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 133 female student-teachers at the College of Applied Sciences- Ibri. Means, standard deviations, t-values and Kai-square were used as statistical tools to analyzer the data. Results of analysis revealed a number of results, the most important of which is that a statistically significant variation exists between the two medians of the sample responses with regard to their practice of the basic skills as dictated by the College supervisors and cooperating school teachers. This variation is in favor of the College supervisors. Results also reveal some drawbacks in the performance of cooperating school teachers with regard to their practice of the practicum basic skills. The study came up with some recommendations such as : holding workshops and seminars for these teachers to illustrate the nature of supervision and instruction throughout practicum, carrying out an analytic study so as to point out which issues are emphasized by academic advisors but overlooked by pedagogical advisors(or vice versa) while seen significant by the student -teachers

Before the declaration of the Ottoman Constitution in 1908, Iraq had only witnessed three newspapers that published news of the Ottoman Empire in Arabic and Turkish in each of the three Iraqi states, Baghdad, Basra and Mosul. After the declaration of the constitution, many newspapers appeared, taking advantage of the revival of freedom and the spirit of democracy that emerged during this period until about seventy newspapers were issued, which quickly decreased after the Unionists took power until the British occupation of Baghdad in 1917. After occupying Iraq, the British authorities issued three newspapers: (Al-Arab) in Baghdad, (Al-Mosul) in Mosul, and (Al-Awqaf) in Basra, so that these newspapers would promote them, pave the way for justifying their occupation of Iraq, promote their political orientations, and speak in their name. During the liberation revolution of 1920, the newspapers (Al-Istiqlal) and (Al-Furat) appeared to convey the news of the revolutionaries and their victories over the occupying British authorities, and were closed after the end of the revolution. During the twenties of the previous century, other newspapers appeared, some of which represented the voice of the various political parties, while other independent newspapers were issued, and their articles expressed the point of view of their writers, their opinions, and their intellectual starting points. Among the second newspapers was the Baghdad newspaper “Al-Zaman.”

Try classics Almaassourn that quote from other art cinema, theater, painting, sculpture, music, and perhaps the seventh art (cinema), the most important of those arts that influenced the novel out and took them up and highlight techniques (montage, the snapshot, the scene, the frame, the camera fixed camera and metamorphic) and we will try to study two years ( camera firmware and camera metamorphic) and the resulting them in the text novelist (photo static and motion picture) to their importance and Their effectiveness in the text has been reached that is static is a pattern of Graphic Expression which embodies the spatial relationships, blend in a relationship and Friendly with descriptions, suggest movement intimation only The motion picture is pattern expressive represents relations temporal and spatial together and composed animated items and interact with each other and made up the final image based motion picture on the motion, and the diversity of the movement into several types, including: vertical, lower, horizontal, diagonal, approaching, and Alambtadh and circular while the image is Fixed and one Description committed to change my. And the camera is in still image moving while the elements involved in the scene fixed but running motion picture on the control method or style of registration or methods together and using the novelist's animation to describe the depths of personal feelings and visions and ideas and concerns, and more are contained in the description of psychological conditions, anxiety and loss and dispersion Alzha The image Still in the description of the nature and elements of fixed and rigid and be elements of animation interacting with each other either is static Fnazarea complement each other so integrated into the final image, and each movement in the motion picture denote certain, may impose the text or imposed by the nature of the relationship with the group, other neighboring and still image perform all Picture function aesthetic are symbolic, descriptive, and so on, and rarely find the oblique movement and diagonal movement in the Iraqi novel, and the difficulty of filming these two movements in writing.

This research aims at studying the grammatical structure in the oration of Um Kalthoom the daughter of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and her mother Fatima Al-Zahraa (peace be upon her).
The first side: structuring those forms and the way of formulating them, and the origins they were derived from, and the second side the structural meanings and the denotations which are used for: the structures of the derived verbs, and the nouns, and the plurals. These things were studied by me according to how they are used by the Arabs. The research depends on dictionaries and references in the old Arabic, and I showed the effect of those meanings and denotations in the terms of her wording (peace be upon here), and I also clarified the unclear part.

Praise be to Allah , prayer and peace be upon the Messengers Mohammed bin Abdullah and his family and his companions Almentajabin . And yet ...
The life of Imam Ali (AS ) was full of commandments and teachings guidance seeking to better the individual and society alike, was one of the biggest concerns that educates people including raises their level and offers the perfect solution for every problem they face , and opens their minds and educate them on the basis of commitment to Islamic


values Semitism , it was seeks to make
the Islamic nation a nation educated educated in the affairs of the whole of life , it was ( Nahj ) pot rack for those commandments and teachings were included in dissuade him on the commandments of religious and secular based on the ideals and morality in all aspects of life , were those commandments represent the culture and the wide side nodular and the spiritual side and the side of moral and social .
In general, the commandments of Imam Ali (AS ) for the contents of moral values and social and artistic , each commandment in the book Nahj immortal need a deep and thorough study of the statement after the semantic and technical , and this study only the tip of the iceberg . It is God's help and repayment , care and guidance

'iina taelim altulaab lieamaliaat hali almasayil alfizyayiyat ka'ahad mukawinat manhaj alfizia' yaleab dawran muhimana fi taealum alfizya',wyumkin dhalik min khilal albahth ean eanasir almawqif altaelimii min mutaealim wamuealim wamanahij wa'asalib tadrisi,lidha faqad kan alaihtimam bi'ahamiyat tadris hali almasalat alfizyayiyat lima tatadamanuh min mawaqif fizyayiyatin(muhtiwaa)mn mafahim wamabadi waealaqat mutaeadidat wamutadakhilat tuadiy 'iilaa wujud eadad min alturuq almutabayinat lihali almasalati,lidha fahi manzumat min almasarat alati yaqum biha altulaab wayumathil hadha bidawrih sueubatan ladaa altulaab watusbih 'iihdaa al'umur alati taemal ealaa altaathir fi alhalat alainfiealiat lihim,wqd 'akad alkathir min albahithin hu 'iin"'aseab ma fi hali almasalat hu taealum tariqat alhil" wabialtaali yumathil taelim hali almusalat majalan mueaqadan wasaeban yumkin 'iin yuathir ealaa dafieiat altulaab waitijahihum nahw hali almasayili. (schoenfeld ,1993,329). watueadu mushkilat alsueubat alati yuajihuha altulaab fi hali almasayil alfizyayiyat wahidatan min aleadid min alsueubat waminha fahum almasalat nafsiha,whadha ma 'akadath aldirasat alaistitlaeiat alati qam biha albahith min khilal tawjih sual maftuh lieayinat min talabat almarhalat al'iiedadiat bilaghat(500)*talib watalibat wadhalik bitawjih alsuwal al'atii(ma hi almushkilat al'aseab alati tuajihuk 'iithna' dirasatik limadat alfizia'), waqad 'ajab 'akthar min (90%) min altalabat ban hali almasayil alfizyayiyat hi almushkilat al'aseab alati yuajihunaha 'iithna' dirasatihim lilfizia',wmin khibrat albahith 'aydan fi maydan altadris walimudati(15)sanat fi tadris hadhih almadat wa'ara' majmueat min madrasi hadhih almadat walaikhtisasayn altarbawiiyn(milhiq5)ybin 'iina mushkilat hali almasayil alfizyayiyat wafahmaha min qibal altalabat 'iithna' altadris wakadhalik 'iithna' alaikhtibarat alshahriat walnihayiyat hi almushkilat al'aseab fi majal tadris alfizia'i,walati bidawriha qad tuathir ealaa alhalat alainfiealiat liltalabat washueurihim bialqalaq minha wahadha ma 'akadath dirasatu(talbati,166,2005).wbialtaali yusbih alqalaq kamueuq yuadiy bidawrat 'iilaa 'iideaf kafa'at al'ada'i,kuma 'iina hunak qusuran fi aistikhdam aistiratijiaat mulayimat lihali almasayil alfizyayiyat wakadhalik qusuran fi tawzif altulaab lileamaliaat 'aw alqudrat aleaqliat allaazimat lihali almasalat waietimad madrasi alfizia' ealaa 'iilyat mueayanat tatatalab altarkiz eali 'iijad almatlub min almasalat kahadaf bihadi dhatih wahadha ma 'akadath dirasatu(qladatu,1998, 1-5).muma dafae albahith 'iilaa 'iijra' albahth alhalii ka'ahad almuhawalat altajribiat alati tahtamu biaistikhdam 'iistratijiatayn fi hali almasayil alfizyayiyati. wamin khilal ma sabaq yumkin 'iin tatamathal mushkilat albahth alhalii fi maerifat athar aistikhdam 'iistratijyty(almukhal alnizamii wahasa) fi tadris hali almasayil alfizyayiyat waqias 'athariha ealaa 'ada' altulaab lilmasayil alfizyayiyat wakhafd alqalaq alnaatij ean almadati).
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Teaching students the processes of solving physical problems as one of the components of the physics curriculum plays an important role in learning physics. This can be done by searching for the elements of the educational situation from the learner, teacher, curricula and teaching methods. Therefore, there was interest in the importance of teaching the solution of the physical problem because it includes physical situations (content) of concepts, principles and multiple and intertwined relationships that lead to the existence of a number of different ways to solve the problem. Therefore, it is a system of paths that students take, and this in turn represents a difficulty for students and becomes one of the things that work to influence their emotional state. Many researchers have confirmed that "the most difficult thing about solving the problem is learning the method of solution", and thus teaching the solution of the problem represents a complex and difficult field that can affect students' motivation and their tendency towards solving problems. (Schoenfeld, 1993, 329). The problem of difficulties faced by students in solving physics problems is one of many difficulties, including understanding the problem itself. This was confirmed by the exploratory study conducted by the researcher by directing an open question to a sample of middle school students amounting to (500)* male and female students by directing the following question (What is the most difficult problem you face during your study of physics), and more than (90%) of the students answered that solving physics problems is the most difficult problem they face during their study of physics. The researcher’s experience in the field of teaching for (15) years in teaching this subject and the opinions of a group of teachers of this subject and educational specialists (Appendix 5) shows that the problem of solving physics problems and understanding them by students during teaching as well as during monthly and final exams is the most difficult problem in the field of teaching physics, which in turn may affect the emotional state of students and their feeling of anxiety about it. This was confirmed by the study (Students, 166, 2005). Thus, anxiety becomes an obstacle that in turn leads to weakening the efficiency of performance, as there is a deficiency in Using appropriate strategies to solve physical problems as well as a deficiency in students' employment of the processes or mental abilities necessary to solve the problem and physics teachers' reliance on a specific mechanism that requires focusing on finding what is required from the problem as a goal in itself, which was confirmed by the study (Qalada, 1998, 1-5). Which prompted the researcher to conduct the current research as one of the experimental attempts that are concerned with using two strategies in solving physical problems.

From the above, the problem of the current research can be represented in knowing the effect of using the strategies (systematic and Hess) in teaching the solution of physical problems and measuring their effect on students' performance of physical problems and reducing anxiety resulting from the subject).

The Abbasid era was characterised by the recruitment of a large group of poets to be in the courts of the caliphs and the offices of ministers and judges. The temptations of the Abbasid state of fame and money had attracted many who excelled in the field of poetry and literature, so poets and talented writers competed to gain favour with the sultan. In addition to this competition, literary criticism emerged, taking important literary steps that had not been so brilliant before. Books on classes, the virility of poets, mediation, and books on plagiarism, and many others like them appeared. We mention, for example and in brief, not limited to: Fuhuul al-Shu’ara by Ibn Salam, Tabaqat al-Shu’ara by Ibn Qutaybah, and another by Ibn al-Mu’tazz, Al-Kashf ‘an Masarih Shi’r al-Mutanabbi by al-Sahib Ibn Abbad, Akhbar Abi Tammam by al-Suli, and his Akhbar al-Buhturi, Al-Muwashshah by al-Marzubani, Al-Jurjani’s book Al-Wasata, Al-Risalah Al-Mudawadah fi Sa’rajat Abi al-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi by al-Hatimi, and Al-Muwazana by al-Amidi.... This prosperity in the field of writing in literary criticism makes us feel that in the Abbasid era there was a clear conflict between two trends that emerged: the old trend and the new trend. However, this phenomenon indicates the intellectual and literary luxury of that era, and it is a phenomenon that no literature is devoid of in every stage of development and transition. It is not hidden from the researcher that every trend has its supporters and advocates; the new movement was characterized by a revolutionary movement against the old, rejecting tradition and adopting a liberating character, or even rejecting the restrictions that the pre-Islamic poet was subjected to. Perhaps the pioneer of this renewal in style was Bashar ibn Burd, Abu Nuwas, and the class of licentious poets and those known for their obscene poetry. This style crystallized with time and its principles and rules were established, so critics called them (the people of meaning) because they went to emphasize the content more than their concern with the form. This style was rooted in the talents of a group of poets, then extended to the Abbasid era, covering the third, fourth and fifth centuries, as Muslim bin al-Walid, Dik al-Jinn, al-Mansur al-Namri, Abu Tammam, Ibn al-Rumi and Abu al-Ala al-Ma’arri followed in Abu Nuwas’ footsteps. This is one aspect of the poets who were characterized by innovation. On the other hand, we see that the owners of the old stood in the face of their opponents in a prominent position supported by the great scholars of language, grammar and rhetoric. Perhaps al-Buhturi was the most prominent poet of the old, with his style and meanings. He had a distinguished position among the poets of his time, as he preserved the verbal values ​​of poetry and the style of those values ​​that the early poets of the pre-Islamic era and the early days of Islam loved.

Education in Muntafig had become an inevitably social necessity for the
development of life. It was characterized by simplicity going in line with the
purposes and aims of the government to prepare administrative and technical cadres.
Thus, the main interest was directed towards the spread of knowledge and stuffing students minds with all sorts of knowledge available at the time there in order to perform the goals behind the educational system.
With regard to the health sector, plagues were a familiar phenomenon at that time. But, the government did all its best to provide the health requirement such as medical cadres and medicines. Health awareness has begun to gain priority over other things in Muntafig in order to end epidemics inherited from the time of the ottomans and the British.

Despite the importance of expression (oral and written), its teaching still suffers from weakness, and many studies and literature have confirmed this weakness and considered it one of the most important problems. This research came as a continuation of previous studies and in recognition of the Arabic language in order to reach a solution that contributes effectively to eliminating or reducing this problem. Therefore, the current research aims to know the effect of selected sayings from Nahj al-Balagha on expressive performance.

To achieve the research objective, the researcher chose the Teachers' Preparation Institute in the center of Najaf Governorate for the academic year (2012-2013), and two classes from the third grade were randomly selected, one of which would be an experimental group and the other a control group.

The research sample amounted to (44) students, with (22) students in the experimental group that studied expression with selected sayings from Nahj al-Balagha, and (22) students in the control group that studied expression in the usual way.
At the end of the experiment, the researcher conducted a post-test on a unified topic for both groups to write about, and the results showed a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) in favor of the experimental group in expressive performance.

Suicide is one of the most common problems which received the attention of the social, educational, psychological and judicial media because of its negative impact on the life of the individual himself, and the structure of
society and its cohesion and stability, which is a social phenomenon that is almost any society had, especially in communities that have suffered from the vagaries of the political and economic problems and the resulting negative
effects of social and psychological, such as, for example, the country of Iraq, has faced many wars: the Iran-Iraq war, the Gulf War, the first American and the second, as well as the economic war and starvation policy and inter-confessional fighting and the resulting positions equal to excrete positions, especially for students and their sixth-grade secondary who are from more categories of society need to be a sense of stability psychological, social, economic and confidence for the future, especially after what appeared to be trading the media and educational institutions information about the incidence of suicide among students, so trying the current study shed light on this phenomenon to find out the causes and diagnosis before they occur, which may result from problems overlooked educational, psychological and social to the individual, family and society in general. To this end, the researchers chose a sample of sixth grade students by intermediate (435) students in the province of Babylon. After building a scale of the tendency toward suicide is ready for application after verification of its validity and reliability. and the use of statistical methods appropriate , find researchers to several conclusions, including: the percentage of prevalent trend of suicide among the students of the preparatory stage ( 17.7 ) impact (11%) for males , and ( 23%) for females . Females are more tendency toward suicide than males. The tendency toward suicide among the students of the city more than rural students. In light of the findings of researchers recommended the need to activate the role of counselors to prepare the outreach programs of preventive and curative to curb the worsening of suicidal tendencies, and activating the role of educational media and all the media to do its part to raise awareness about the risks of this dangerous phenomenon. And a development of the current research and complement the researchers suggested that further studies on other samples

I target current research to identify trends kindergarten teachers about puppet theater , has included research sample kindergarten teachers and of their number ( 296 ) parameter to achieve the objectives of the search proceeded researcher to build a measure of the direction of the kindergarten teachers about puppet theater , has been verified the validity and reliability (tool ) , and formed in its final form of (50 ) items , was applied to the sample , and after gathering information and processed statistically using t- test for one sample and the Pearson correlation coefficient reached researcher to : Trends that kindergarten teachers about puppet theater with a high positive level , it has been shown that the arithmetic average of the sample grades greater than the average standard tool .The researcher came out a set of recommendations and proposals

includes texts creative Systems trilogy , one language and the other rhetorical and third system literary expression psychological text , and the latter reveals elements of the culture of the originator that are controlled by the variables a time, place and social environment in which they interact with
psychological speaker to form emitters text , a relative , according to figure each person , and this applies in all texts of mankind, however, that the provisions of the Quranic revelation were not list according to certain variables , but there are constants were behind the San envoy to the sender ,
these constants is the shrine of the Prophet Muhammad ( p ) in assume the seal of the prophets , and the fundamentals of the Qur'anic expression in Islamic literature ; since not can be measured in the faces of art in the Quranic expression only in the light of literature who continued his movement between the Arabs at the time, but these constants turned some intellectual currents to variables made the personality of the Prophet (r) character is fixed under the concept of place of the Prophet , but also a personal subject to certain variables , and made the Quranic text separate from the nature of the literary movement , in order to argue that the Quranic expression connected motivations Christianity ; since devoted this idea one contemporary called ( Sohail Qasha ) man of the Christian religion - which is an academic known - currently serves as Secretary-General of the League of Arab-Islamic civilization open in Lebanon , proposing Abatilh of during the allegations and suspicions in his book "The Koran research and study " in order to prove the invalidity of the revelation to the same Prophet Muhammad (r) , and these allegations conjured up in the mold Cdoth for export in theory critic excelled texts of Islamic literature , that the Koran Divine in the words of the Koran and would eloquence miraculous ; in order to deprive the description prophecy of supplies for the mission , and on the other hand tries to disconnects rhetoric Quranic literature religion of Islam in order to move away from the Arabic language this Feat , and be of Islam suspicion of violation of the evidence ( constants ) literary Quranic expression to make consequential robe credited literature Syriac denying that the great merit for the Arab environment and literature , this research set aside ( Sohail Qasha ) in the presentation of his lies to adopt a researcher at the discrimination Ironically counterfeit pasted text Quranic from many sides , sometimes Tsar those irony towards the adoption of the Koran on the narrative in the books of the Christians , and sometimes take these verses from Mazan ancient religious along the lines of what is known among poets thefts poetry ; However, she attributed to the Prophet congealed (r) and Hashah of these plaintiffs and anomalies on the right came out ( Sohail Qasha ) , has fork search to two sections : the first firm evidence of personal recipients of revelation (r) in refuting paradoxes Sohail Qasha , and the second is firm evidence of the Quranic expression in refuting paradoxes Sohail Qasha then the results and conclusion .

Became the electric power sector of the most important criteria that are measured by the degree of progress nations and peoples represented by the size of its production and consumption of this sector so the deficit of significant progress in the production of electric power and the difficulties and the many problems that afflict with not expect a breakthrough this crisis in the near future , and because of the high temperature and the nature of the climate hot dry which is characterized by the province of Najaf , which increases the weight during the summer months , accompanied by an increase in the hours of the fire or cutting daily in voltage , called for a lot of specialists in
various fields to diagnose the causes of this situation , which is getting repeated every year , so it came this research to show one of the reasons electric power crisis with heightened consumer need it.
As the study found the effect of temperatures , especially in the case of height to produce obstetric unit and hinder their work and to isolate some of them work , and the disclosure of the phenomenon of firefighters year that is repeated constantly in the system of the national grid , and what ails power transmission lines from the problems which gave these lines or the use of wires connecting poor quality as well as collect dust and dust them and the loss of a large portion of
them before it reaches the consumer, and the emergence of process pressure or sudden load on the production units as a result of the low cultural level of some consumer and employment to the largest possible number of electrical appliances at the same high purchasing power at others and other reasons that combine not find realistic solutions to address the crisis , which is easiest attempt to rationalize consumption and care using the devices do not need to high voltage in the run and replenish fuel supplies and low pressure gas generating units , each to cover the growing demand for electric power in the province of Najaf and reduce dependence on private generators.