Journals geographic

The efficiency of the Euphrates River flow in the study area was based on the monitoring of seven selected stations on the Euphrates river for hydrological modeling. The DEM satellite satellite (ASTER), Land sat (SRTM), 5/6/2007, 17/10/2011, and 30 meters accuracy were adopted, analyzed and extracted using the program (Arc Gis Desktop 10.5) and the Erdas Imagine 2013 program for the extraction of longitudinal and transverse sections of the river. The latter requests data measured by the selected stations representing the highest and lowest period (2006-2016) and corresponding discharge at monitoring. Of the river requires knowledge of the real distance between stations and hydrological mileage and the distance between stations and the difference between the highest and lowest level and the calculation of the meter Standard test to find out how to optimally optimize the river.

Due to the importance of industrial investment and its great role in advancing the economic and social development, which came as a natural result of the implementation of the amended investment law for 2006, this law encouraged private investment (domestic and foreign). Hence, this study aims towards shedding light on all the new investment opportunities the province witnessed in order to know their nature, branches, and the extent of utilization of the available resources. In addition to that, it studied their spatial distribution, and focused on the completed projects, studying their positional factors ... etc.
The study reached a number of conclusions. Among those conclusions, there was some to limit these industrial investments to a specific number of industry branches, and to adopt them in order to meet their requirements on the sources of self-financing for most investors.

Studying the age and structure of the population is of a great importance as it sheds light on : first, the knowledge of the groups of society and the knowledge of age dependency ratio. Second, the median age and the presumption of oldness. Third, the proportion of males and females as well as the nature of the population pyramid. Fourth, the extent to approach and access to the demographic dividend of the society. Thus, it gives a detailed image of the population of any geographical area, which enhances the role of interested people and planners in providing the requirements of the population and the distribution of land uses of that area, as well as the provision of infrastructure and the required services of education, housing, and health.Najaf governorate is one of the governorates of Iraq that has witnessed and is still witnessing a clear change in the numbers of its population, whether due to births, deaths, or migration. Therefore, it was necessary to stand at the age structure and qualitative population, to give a comprehensive image between present and future.
The population of Najaf governorate is a young society where the percentage of births has a significant contribution in bridging the decline in the category (15-64) years because of the oldness and death. The age dependency ratio of the study society in 2018 is (69.7) and it would be decreased in 2030 to (66.9) and it would be raised in urban areas and decline in the countryside. The median age of the population of the study area in 2018 is (15.8) years would rise to (22.5) year in 2030. It would be raised in urban and would decline in the countryside. The population pyramid has the pattern of broad base and steep slope in its sides, which refers to the youthful population in the study area in 2018 and 2030. There is no chance of reaching the demographic dividend in 2030 because of the widening population base of the population and the increase in fertility.

Research is a geo-climatic study aimed at detecting and analyzing the behavior of the general trend of monthly and annual terrestrial radiation values and predicting their values over the next ten years in the study area.
Using the SPSS program to access data analysis and extract statistical features through time series technology and to predict the future climate and trends through the readings of previous years that have been calculated to build our expectations. In this sense, we have exploited what we currently have from climatic data to On the climate of the future. Where the duration of the study years between (1975 - 2017). We extracted the prediction values for the 10 years (2018-2027) using the simple linear regression method. We also used the lower squares method to find and predict the overall trend of monthly and annual terrestrial radiation values.
The search results in a range of results:
1:- The average annual rate of radiation in the study area was (5.22) mJ / m2 ,day, while the highest rate of radiation values in the study area was (5,88) mJ / m2,day 1978 increase (0.4) mJ / m 2, day. while the record showed a rate of terrestrial radiation was (4,48) in (2009), which is less than the average (0.7) mJ / m2 .day.
2:-The highest monthly rate of radiation values for the study area was recorded in the month of June in 1980 (7.70) mJ / m2. The lowest monthly rate of the radiation values in the study area was recorded in December of the year ( 2001) and reached (3.14) mJ / m2,day.
3:-The general trend of the time series of terrestrial radiation values showed a negative trend (-0.10) during the period 1975-2017.
4:-The monthly trend of the time series of terrestrial radiation values was negative, reaching the highest trend (-0.04) in July, while the lowest trend in the month December (-0.002).
5:-The research also indicated that the prediction of the values of terrestrial radiation over the next (2018-2027) years shows a tendency to fall below their rates. This is an indication of the decrease in the expected ground radiation values for the study area. The highest annual rate will be (4.74) mJ / m2, In the year 2018, which is less than the average of (0.48) mJ/ m 2 on a daily basis, while the average annual rate of (4,57) mJ/ m 2,day in 2027 will be less than the annual average (0,65-).

The research aim to spatial analysis for residential complexes outside master plans, by taking Al Noor Residential Complex in Najaf Governorate as a model for the study. The research assumes that the adoption of locational and residential standards, for residential complexes, outside the master plans leading to good residential environment, and accessing adequate housing, to individual and family. In order to achieve the aim, the research depended the analytical descriptive approach, to spatial analysis of residential complexes, using office resources and field survey. The most important conclusions, have been reached, in this regard, as the following: many aspects that affect in the location of the residential complex, should be taken when planning, and implementing the residential complexes. The research also found that the adoption discussion 188 of 1987, was wrong, because of the lack of substance of the decision, in this complex, which was emphasizing the need to build housing complexes, industrial facilities, and these facilities do not exist at all. The most important recommendation, was the need for a detailed spatial analysis, the location of the residential complex, before it can be implemented on the ground, taking into consideration the housing, economic and social criteria and the legal cover for this.

The spatial organization of the industrial structure in the city is one of the most important means of urban and regional planning as it aims at regulating the uses of urban land and achieving appropriate spatial development. In view of the importance of industry in the urban environment, as it is considered the main pillar in the development process and the threshold of technical progress on the world, there must be consideration and preservation of environmental considerations that are currently experiencing several problems affecting the mechanism of spatial organization For industrial activities, which plays a major role in the development process in this sector. The study area includes important industrial establishments at the local and regional level, diversified in size and type, and are dependent on the residential areas as a result of the Urbanization, which witnessed by the city after it was located on the outskirts of the master plan during its construction near. Where the method of matrices was used as a qualitative form to assess the environmental impact of industrial projects. And then propose three alternatives on the basis of economic cost and speed of implementation and in accordance with the planning and environmental standards and achieve the goal of the research, and through the use of the matrix to achieve the goals was chosen the best alternative among those alternatives.

Many cities in the world ,especially the developing world have many problems, mostly due to the negative effect of rapid urbanization in the world, in addition of increasing urban concentration . today more than half of the world population live in urban areas ,by 2050 population growth is expected to reach 66%.on the other hand ,the lack of focus on the concept of livability(idea of livable city ) and the role of the concept to treatment of many problems and make cities a suitable, attractive and livable place was a one of reasons that led deterioration of cities, hence . the research problem is the lack of clarity of the concept of livability , the research assumes the concept of livability is essential to solve the problems of contemporary cities, the research aims to reach a clear understanding of livability ,the research has identified a set of attributes that make the city livable.