Journals geographic

Residence is considered one of the most active and crucial topics for human as being a basic right of human rights. Residence is a basic need and is regarded as the essential needs in the priorities of human beings.
In view of that significance, the research included performing a study on presenting visions and perceptions about the urban environment in Kufa city. The research handled the problem, hypotheses, aims, significance, and the spatial limit of the study. The research also discussed the future estimates of population growth and the national and local residential policies in Najaf and Kufa cities in particular.

Geographical studies are concerned with the study of natural phenomena on the surface of the earth and works to detect spatial disparities and the distribution of phenomena and their parameters, analysis and measurement spatially and temporally, It also gives a picture of the continuous change of any phenomenon as a result of interaction between them. That the study of natural geographical characteristics of great importance is a link between science, and is one of the pillars of the basis of science in various fields, The geographical location of any area is more important in determining the climatic characteristics, as well as the knowledge of soils and thus the nature of vegetation and other spatial characteristics. They also study the natural properties in determining the impact of development projects for the cities of whether (housing, health, transport, educational, commercial, industrial) and others. Many of the studies dealt with the natural characteristics of cities, as is the case with the geographical studies that are dealt with in a detailed and accurate way to know the spatial and temporal differences and determine their effects and develop appropriate solutions, In view of the wide need for such studies, the study examined the natural characteristics of the city of Diwaniyah because of its spatial importance because it occupies a distinct geographical location for the administrative units. It is an administrative center for Qadisiyah Governorate, It also occupies an ideal location is linked to the provinces of southern Iraq and the provinces of the Middle Euphrates and Baghdad, That is, they represent a link between them so the importance of research becomes an important topic.

Fires arise because of neglect to follow the proper methods of prevention, and caused great losses in lives and money, facilities, due to the presence of large quantities of flammable materials in everything that surrounds us in a different footprint sites, so it became necessary to fire the study and Maitalq of environmental and social results.
The research aims to release the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence of fires in the city of Nasiriyah, as well as the environmental effects of the fires in the city of Nasiriyah, and measuring the efficiency of the Directorate of Civil Defense services provided to citizens.
And found by searching fire incidents variation in the city of Nasiriyah, for the period (2014-2012) according to the months of the year, with a score of August the largest number of repeat fires (122 Fire) for the year 2012 of the total (585 Fire), came the month of September (84 fire) for the same General and July (b fire 80), while the lowest record months in January (19 fire). It showed a link climatic elements of the occurrence of fire accidents in the city of Nasiriyah relationship. And that there is a direct correlation between temperature and incidents of fires .binma relationship racist relationship humidity and rain have shown a strong inverse correlation with the recurrence of fire accidents, ie the more moisture the air I said fires varies recurrence of fire spatially as well as why they occur, as spatially recorded the highest frequency of fires in the neighborhood (uR) total (26 fires) shy of solving the second order (Sumer, Sadr city), and this discrepancy was caused by multiple geographic variables.

The environmental footprint is one of the most recent and important indicators that measure the sustainability of the lifestyle of the population of a given country and how it affects the natural resources within their environment (agricultural land, pastures, fishing, forestry, carbon dioxide, land used for construction) Measure this footprint by comparing the consumption of natural resources relative to the land's ability to renew them. The study included the theoretical aspect of the conceptual framework of the environmental fingerprint and environmental planning, with the mention of the international experiences on crystallizing the environmental picture. In the practical aspect, the third chapter consists of two sections: the first is the study area. It is the scientific analysis in extracting the environmental footprint of Najaf Governorate, (1.42) hectares per capita and then apply this value to the image of the city Najaf from 2006 until the reality of 2017 and what are the environmental impacts and the future assessment of the master plan for the city of Najaf until 2030, while the second is the (future scenarios), A set of scenarios, the process can be Ihtzha in the coming years to reduce the amount of environmental footprint and improve the environmental image of the city of Najaf. Based on the indicators extracted from the theoretical side and the analysis of the environmental picture in the practical aspect of the city of Najaf within the scientific methods in addition to the use of geographic information systems (G.I.S), the research reached conclusions and related to the high consumption rates, especially in the built-up area and the carbon footprint and energy usage fingerprint.
The study concludes with recommendations to follow the future scenarios in solving current environmental problems and relying on the joint work between government institutions and academic institutions in preparing the basic plans for the planning of future cities.

Global pollution of acid rain and it impact on the environment.
Acid rain is a precipitation that is contaminated with acid, whether it is rain or cold. It is a term for rain, where the pH of a pH is less than 5.6 since the pH in natural water is 7.
Acid precipitation is due to nitrogen and sulfur compounds resulting from human activities such as factories and transport, which react in the atmosphere to form acids. The main sources of acid rain formation are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These gases are byproducts of high temperature combustion processes, Acid is a logarithmic scale of 14 degrees. If this pH is between (56), the rain type here is normal rain and has no negative environmental effects If the pH of the rain is 45, it is moderately acidic and its effects are low and not noticeable, but in the long run it becomes catastrophic for some aquatic animals, whereas the pH is 43 and the rainfall becomes highly acidic and leaves prominent traces in the vital world of (3) makes the rain very acidic and is a deadly rain for the aquatic and vegetation and not fit for human use. Acid rain has major impacts on the environment, affecting the soil as it destroys it, damage forests and trees, and affects the lakes as they increase the acidity of these lakes, causing damage to living organisms, and damage to buildings, urban structures and monuments. The impact of this acid rain has to be followed by a number of steps, including reducing the burning of fuel within factories and power plants Transport and the use of new furnaces and stoves to reduce the release of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides and the use of modern refineries that produce low sulfur content as well as the coating of buildings and buildings and the
effects of new types of paint to protect them from the harmful effects of acid rain on them as well as the addition of calcium carbonate to Soil affected by acid rain