Dirasat Mosiliya

The research aims to shed light on one of the natural features and the features located below the wall of the city of Mosul, close to the Citadel of Mosul (Bashtabiya), which is Ain kebreet , which represents a natural spring of cold sulfur water that has existed since ancient, unspecified periods and is still present until now. The importance of the research is highlighted in the absence of an independent study that mentioned it except for some scattered articles on Facebook pages and a brief mention of it in some references related to the city of Mosul. The researcher's attempt in this research comes to collect the fragments of the texts that mentioned Ain kebreet, in which the eye was mentioned in the form of Ain kebreetiya, especially the historical and country sources. As for the research methodology, it relied on the researcher's attempt to investigate the texts related to this sulfur eye and to reinforce the gaps contained in the texts with some of the opinions presented by the authors because of their importance in explaining what is related to this eye, whether their products represent books, research, or articles published in magazines or on Facebook pages. In a digital format, the research was divided into an introduction, eleven topics, and a conclusion, as well as some pictures and maps related to it.

Mosul city is considered one of the important Islamic cities in terms of its religious, political, social and economic characteristics. The city was conquered in the Rashidi age during the reign of caliph Omar Ibn AlKhattab (May Allah be pleased with him). Several governors ruled the city throughout the various Islamic ages and it was the focus of many caliphs’ attention and its was described by the travelers with certain traits that varied in accordance with the period of staying in it and according to the era in which they visited it. The city included many properties, counties and agricultural estates that belonged to some caliphs or some governors or rich tribes that dwelt the city for long time ago. These lands were the focus of their attention as through them wealth can be gained, agricultural interests can be fulfilled and social status can be reached and all this was in favor of the various categories of lands owners to accomplish political and social gains. Before this influential economic power in the different aspects of life at that time, the agricultural estates in Mosul invoked many problems, at the time of the research, that affect the general structure of Mosul and were relevant to the political and social development in the Arab-Islamic State.

The Iwan played a prominent role in the architecture of the Mosuli house, because of its characteristics and characteristics that apply to all Mosuli houses. It is an essential planning and architectural element in the Mosulian house, as its importance came from climatic necessities, especially the location of Mosul between two climatic patterns and the existence of a temperature discrepancy between winter and summer. As the Iwan works to soften the atmosphere and introduce fresh air and natural lighting. It has a rectangular or square plan surrounded by three walls, so that its fourth side opens onto the central courtyard, which represents its façade in the form of a semicircular or pointed vault covered with Mosulian marble / and the iwan is the outlet of the people of the house; Therefore, it was designated to receive guests, to sit, and to practice their home activities, as it is protected from direct sunlight, in addition to its high elevation that allows the seated person to see the facades of the wings of the house, highlighting their social status and demonstrating their possession of financial capabilities. Mosul region for centuries

Self- Efficiency has become a subject of interest in our current age, the era of technology and development, due to the cognitive development that has taken place, as the teacher must be highly qualified to face educational challenges and keep pace with the rapid changes in knowledge.
The research aims to answer the following question: What is the level of self- Efficiency of middle school teachers in the city of Mosul from their point of view?
The current research was limited to teachers in middle schools in the city of Mosul on its right and left sides, where their number reached (2612) teachers, and the research sample consisted of (350) teachers in middle schools in the city of Mosul.
The researcher adopted a tool (Salama, 2014), and the tool in its final form consisted of (31) paragraphs that are answered by choosing one of the five indicated alternatives for each paragraph that applies to me to a degree (very large, large, medium, few, very few). According to Likert scale, after finding the significance of the apparent validity, the content validity and the validity of its construction, and to find the stability of the scale, the methods of testing and retesting and the alpha-Cronbach equation were also adopted.
After analyzing the data by using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS) and using the T-test for one sample, and after analyzing the data statistically, the researcher reached the following conclusions:
Middle school teachers have a good level of self-efficacy from their point of view, and there is a difference in favor of males to middle school teachers in the level of self-efficacy.
As for the recommendations, including: encouraging teachers to follow developments in the field of education in general and in their field of specialization in particular, which in turn will reflect positively on enhancing their level of self-efficacy, and the need for the Ministry of Education to adopt training programs and to emphasize the involvement of male and female teachers in them, which would crystallize or Develop teachers' abilities to perform their roles effectively
The researcher also suggests conducting a study of self-efficacy according to the fields adopted by the study scale..

The research aimed to answer the following question: What is the level of strategic flexibility practiced by the heads of departments of the faculties of the University of Mosul from the teachers' point of view
The research sample consisted of (410) teachers, chosen from (6) faculties of (3) scientific faculties and (3) humanities faculties, they constituted (10%) of the research community.
l, which the researcher built based on the procedures of an exploratory study, and relying on some literature and standards that I have seen. Choosing one of the five alternatives indicated for each paragraph (very large, large, medium, few, very little) according to the Likert scale after finding indications of apparent validity and constructive validity for it, and to find the stability of the scale. The stability coefficient of the scale according to these methods is (After analyzing the data by using the spss statistical bag for social sciences and using the t-test for one sample, and after analyzing the data statistically, the researcher concluded:
conclusion:“The level of strategic flexibility is higher than the average among the heads of departments of the faculties of the University of Mosul from the teachers’ point of view.” recommendation0.82), respectively. 2. Enhancing the concept of strategic flexibility among department heads in order to make the institution more flexible in adapting to changes.
Suggestion:
Conducting a study on strategic flexibility and its relationship to strategic decision-making from the point of view of department heads

The aim of the research is to find out the effect of designing a study unit in science based on multimedia on the achievement of the second intermediate grade students, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers designed an educational unit, and the design went through several stages and steps. Science with two experimental and control groups, and the research may consist of (25) items of the type multiple test, and its validity, stability and distinction have been confirmed.
In the light of the research results, the researchers came out with a number of conclusions, including:
1- The possibility of designing an educational unit based on multimedia to increase the achievement of middle school students.
Recommendation: Employing multimedia in teaching science for the second intermediate grade.
Proposal: conducting studies on the use of multimedia in other educational subjects and classes for boys and girls

The aim of the research is to answer the following two questions:
The research aims to identify the level
- Organizational excellence among the heads of departments of colleges at the University of Mosul from the point of view of teachers.
- Organizational excellence among department heads of colleges at the University of Mosul from the point of view of teachers according to the variable of academic title (professor - and assistant professor / teacher - and assistant teacher).
The research was limited to a sample of teaching staff in the departments of colleges at the University of Mosul for the academic year 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of (381) teaching staff selected from (6) colleges (3) scientific colleges and (3) humanities colleges, which constituted a percentage of (10) %) of the research community.
In terms of the research tool, the researcher used a measure of the level of organizational excellence among the heads of departments of colleges at the University of Mosul, which was prepared by the researcher based on the procedures of an exploratory study, and relying on some of the literature and standards that she reviewed. The scale in its final form may consist of (32) items to be answered by: By choosing one of the five alternatives in front of each paragraph (very large, large, medium, little, very little)
After analyzing the data by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), using the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the t-test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, and after analyzing the data statistically, the researcher reached the following results: - The level of organizational excellence is higher than the hypothesized mean among college department heads. University of Mosul from the teachers' point of view.
- There is a statistically significant difference attributed to the academic title variable (teacher - assistant teacher / professor - assistant professor) in the level of organizational excellence among the heads of departments of colleges at the University of Mosul from the point of view of the teachers and in favor of, professor - assistant professor.

This analytical study focused on the issue of social deviance and what it includes of violations, behaviors and negative social phenomena that appeared in contemporary Iraqi society and came as a result of societal crises, loss of social security and successive social and economic problems that this society experienced in the previous decades.
The study also touched on the most important social, biological and psychological factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem of social deviation and its spread in society, in addition to shedding light on the most prominent social, ecological and psychological theories that dealt with the issue of social deviation. The family institution and educational institutions educate juveniles and youth and protect them from channels of delinquency and crime, in addition to determining the effectiveness of formal and informal means of social control, strengthening religious values to prevent delinquency, and also strengthening media discourse in combating ideas and values that encourage deviation.
Finally, securing a decent standard of living for citizens, eliminating the problems of poverty and unemployment, getting rid of aspects of corruption, and eradicating illiteracy and ignorance, all of which constitute encouraging factors in the occurrence of some members of society in social deviation.