Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

The research aimed to identify the extent to which the current training courses contribute to the knowledge and skill development of teachers according to modern educational curricula from their point of view. The research community consisted of all teachers in the Holy Karbala Education Directorate who attended training courses. A random sample of 120 teachers was taken from them for research. The tool consisted of a questionnaire from two domains (knowledge, skill) for each domain 10 items in front of it five alternatives (agree - often - sometimes - rarely - do not agree) whose validity, stability and applicability to the research sample were verified. The nature of the need to work constantly) and (the paragraphs of the training courses program were designed in a way that meets the cognitive aspects and enhances skills) and (the training program contributed to the development of the spirit of creativity and innovation among the participants) got the highest percentages, and in light of the results, the researcher put the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The research aimed to know the effect of the six-dimensional strategy on the achievement of history for the fifth literary grade students. The research was conducted on a sample of the fifth literary morning students in the city of Baghdad, in the history book that will be taught to the fifth literary grade students for the academic year 2018-2019. The sample consisted of (90) female students from secondary schools in the city of Baghdad. The researcher chose Amna Al-Sadr Preparatory School for Girls. The researcher chose two divisions.
One is an experimental group and the other is a control group.. The two groups were rewarded with the variables (scores of mid-term exams, calculated chronological age in months, intelligence test, parental achievement, post-achievement test). The researcher adopted the achievement test as a tool to be applied at the end of the experiment.

The novel (The Last Days in Allaj) by the Libyan writer Muhammad Al-Areeshiya belongs to the novelistic experience and narrative modernity, especially in the multiplicity and contrast of the narrative discourse.
The research came to the novelist discourse as a modernist epic in the novel, showing the multiplicity of discourses in it and its clarification, and modernity added to the narration that was linked to the novelistic text in particular, as it is one of the most developed literary genres and overlaps with other types and races and the actor in the process of events and their cohesion.

Most contemporary studies have shown that intense competition has made the issue of commitment to social responsibility necessary, as societies have become more aware and aware than ever before that organizations must fulfill their obligations towards members of society and achieve their requirements and expectations in excess of the minimum legally imposed on the condition that these organizations provide Psychologically, an example of good citizenship, which is the most important issue facing business organizations today, and organizations are more aware that their reputation is the decisive factor in their survival and success at a time when humanity for these organizations has become a local and global demand.
A balance can be found between economic development, in the physical sense, the well-being of society and the safety of the environment, although this is challenged by many reports during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Social responsibility means maintaining a balance between the two. It involves not just businesses, but everyone whose actions affect the environment. It is a concept that aims to ensure health care for people living in rural areas and remove all obstacles of distance, financial situation, etc. This responsibility can be negative, when avoiding engaging in socially harmful actions, or it can be positive.
Based on the foregoing, the research will address four topics, the first topic includes the research methodology, the second topic will deal with a theoretical framework related to social responsibility, while the third topic will focus on the practical side, and the fourth topic includes the most important conclusions and recommendations reached by the research.

The current research aims to identify the self-concept of middle school students and according to the variable of specialization (scientific, literary) and grade (fourth, sixth). After self-confidence, physical dimension) and conducted the requirements of honesty and stability on the tool and were distributed to (100) male and female students from middle schools in Al-Diwaniyah education in the academic year (2020-2021). The middle schools have a positive concept, and there are no statistically significant differences according to the variable of specialization (scientific, literary) and there are no statistically significant differences according to the grade variable (fourth, sixth), and the researcher has presented a number of conclusions, suggestions and recommendations.

The Jews formed an organized social group, within Iranian society, who seemed to have a high degree of cohesion and unity among themselves, which enabled them to maintain the continuity of their lives amid the pressure of the Muslim majority living next to them, and even their survival depended mainly on getting close to the authority using financial means in order to obtain His rights, which the rich Jews offered when receiving the Shahs in Europe, especially during the travels of Nasir al-Din Shah, as the Jewish leaders bore all the expenses of his trip to Britain, and other social expenses through the Shah’s harem or work in medicine, which the Jews excelled in as they used the medical profession to increase their standing among the people, as well as external support, The events that occurred in the middle of the nineteenth century contributed to the emergence of a group of minorities, including the Jewish minority, on the large-scale commercial arena and enabled them to obtain a better economic position.

The aim of the current research is to know the level of the educational supervisor’s role in the secondary stage from the point of view of history teachers, as the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and after defining the research community, the sample was chosen by the simple random method, as it amounted to (180) male and female teachers in secondary schools located in the center of Al-Diwaniyah city for the academic year 2020-2021, and with regard to the research tool, a questionnaire (Jawad, 2017) was adopted, and it consisted of (58) items, After extracting the psychometric characteristics of all the paragraphs of the questionnaire, the research tool was applied to the sample, and the results concluded that the answers of the members of the research sample fall between the average and acceptable with regard to the level of the role of the educational supervisor, and there are statistically significant differences according to the variables of academic qualification, gender, stage of study, years of service, and in light of this, the researcher came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The term “sports industry” became one of the common terms, and giant companies entered the world of sports to open new markets that were not available before, and sports champions became at the forefront of commercial advertisements and sports media, and the so-called marketing and financing appeared. The two researchers followed the descriptive approach in the survey method to address the problem The research community consisted of (750) players out of (20) clubs, while the sample was (150) players out of (10) clubs. It covers everything related to professionalism.

The objective of the current research is to define the level of performance of the educational supervisor in the secondary stage from the point of view of the physics and biology teachers, The researchers adopted the analytical descriptive approach. After identifying the society, the sample was chosen in a simple random way, reaching (180) teachers and schools in the secondary schools located in the center of Diwaniya city, As for the research tool, a questionnaire was adopted (Jawad, 2017) consisting of (58) paragraphs. After extracting the cykometric properties of all the clauses of the questionnaire, the research tool was applied to the sample, The results found that the responses of the sample members ranged between the average and the acceptable. There are significant statistical differences according to the variables of the scientific qualification, gender, stage of study, years of service. In light of this, the researchers came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness of teaching using the strategies of immediate support and instructional diversification on second-year intermediate students' attitudes toward physics by verifying the following null hypotheses: There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average scores of students in the three research groups on the physics orientation scale. To achieve the research objective, the researchers used the experimental design with equivalent groups (experimental and control), as three classes (A, B, C) were randomly selected as a sample for the research from the second intermediate grade students in Fajr Al-Islam Intermediate School for Boys, which was randomly selected from among 31 intermediate schools affiliated with the Diwaniyah Education Directorate. The groups were equal in variables (age in months, intelligence, previous knowledge test scores in physics, and the scale of orientation towards physics). The analysis of variance was calculated, as the results were not statistically significant. The research sample consisted of (88) students, (29) students in the first experimental group, (30) students in the second experimental group, and (29) students in the control group. The students of the three groups studied chapters (sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth) of the physics book for the second intermediate grade for eight weeks, at a rate of two classes per week. The students of the first experimental group studied using the immediate support strategy, the students of the second experimental group studied using the diversification of education strategy, and the students of the control group studied in the usual way. The researchers studied the groups. The three were conducted in the same place and for the same period of time. The researchers prepared a scale for attitudes towards physics (30 items), and its validity, reliability, and application were verified after the end of the experiment. The SPSS statistical program was used to calculate analysis of variance, t-test for two independent samples, chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed statistically significant differences between the average scores of attitudes towards physics between students in the two experimental groups and students in the control group, in favor of the students in the two experimental groups. There were no statistical differences between the students in the two experimental groups. In light of the results, the researchers concluded that the strategies of immediate support and diversification of instruction were effective in the attitudes of second-grade middle school students towards physics. They made several recommendations, including the use of both strategies in teaching and training teachers on their use. To complement the current research, they suggested using the strategies of immediate support and diversification of instruction in teaching the remaining subjects and using them at other educational levels and with other variables.

At the end of the third century AD, Christianity reached an irreversible position, at a time when the Roman Empire passed through the ordeal of military chaos (235-248 AD). Thus, this new religion was one of the dangers faced by the emperors in the Second Imperial Age, as this religion became spread in various parts of the world. Throughout the empire, as the spread of wildfire, and imposed itself in front of the previous pagan beliefs in general, and the worship of the emperor in particular, which was prejudiced against the gift of the empire and the person of the emperor, and so was the confrontation between the new religion and the authority, and they paid their souls in order to spread this religion, and they faced all kinds of abuse. And persecution, and so from the reign of Emperor Diocus until the beginning of the second imperial era (248-395 AD).
In the third and fourth centuries AD, the need for theology increased, which played an active role in the evangelization of Christianity, which led to the emergence of leaders who enjoyed high skill and efficiency, most notably Emperor Theodosius the Great (378-380), which we decided to shed light on in this study. He is among the great personalities whom Christianity was in need of. Thanks to the role of these people, the spread of Christianity increased in the various provinces of the Roman Empire.