kufa Journal for Nursing sciences

Background: A total of (32) stool samples of infants, complaining of diarrhea were included in this study. All of them diagnosed as fungal infections by making a routine and confirmative diagnostic processes, after primary isolation of Candida species, the results reveal that: 12 (37.5%) of isolates were Candida albicans, 11 (34.4%) of isolates were Candida tropicalis and 3 (9.4%) of each isolate of Candida globrata, Candida cruzei and Candida parapsilosis. Five isolates of each one of C. albicans and C. tropicalis were chosen randomly for studying of sensitivity of these isolates to four plant's aqueous extracts, the extracts which were (Pimpinella anisum leaves, Matrecaria chamomilla flowers, Camellia sinensis leaves and Citrus aurantifolia fruits peels), their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were studied by using the dilution method by Sabouraud Dextrose Broth .The results show the MIC of Pimpinella anisum (Leaves) aqueous extracts was (6.25) mcg / ml., and the MFC were (12.5) mcg / ml., the MIC of Matrecaria chamomilla (Flowers) aqueous extracts was (12.5) mcg / ml., and the MFC were (25) mcg/ml, While the rest plants aqueous extracts of (Camellia sinensis (Leaves), Citrus aurantifolia (Fruit Peels) were results have no or very little antifungal activities in all the isolates, so there were not MIC and MFC for it. A second method was used to test the antifungal activity of the same four plant's aqueous extracts by the agar well diffusion method, and the results showed that the diameters of inhibition zones were increased when the concentrations of extracts were increased. This method was the best in explanation of results of sensitivity tests. Results demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of P. anisum (Leaves) and M. chamomilla (Flowers) Produced inhibition zone against C. albicans at (25, 50 and100 mcg /ml ) concentrations, While the other aqueous extracts of plant under study reveal a very little or no inhibition zones at (25, 50 and100 mcg /ml ) concentrations. When comparison of the plant aqueous extracts with both standard antifungal drugs of Ketoconazole and Amphotericin B under study, I found that the aqueous extracts of P. anisum (Leaves) and M. chamomilla (Flowers) were more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (100 mcg /ml) concentration for both, and detected also that aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla (Flowers) followed by P. anisum (Leaves)Â were more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (25 mcg /ml) concentration for both. In comparison with Amphotericin B, I detected that the aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla (Flowers) was more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (50 mcg /ml) concentration for both. And in comparison with ketoconazole, I found that the aqueous extract of M. chamomilla (Flowers) was more antifungal effective than other aqueous extracts of plants under research at (50 mcg /ml) concentration for both.

Background: Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (nurse - midwives) as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide (the fifth Millennium Development Goal).
Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the impact of training education program applied on nurse-midwife practice concerning care during first stage of labor in labor room.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design conducted on non-probability (purposive) sample of fifty two nurse- midwives selected during period of 3th August to 10th November 2011. The study is conducted at the four hospital of Ministry of Health (Baghdad health directorate in Al-Karhk and Al-Risafa) sector. The questionnaire form is consisted of three parts which included demographic data, knowledge concerning practice during First stage of labor, practice checklist. Content validity and reliability of the questionnaire determined through a pilot study, descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze the data.
Results: Results of the study showed that the highest percentage (44.2%) were in age group of 30-39 years, midwifery school graduate and(42.3%) of them had 1-10 years of work experience in midwifery. There were low and moderate means in most items related to the practices of nurse-midwives regarding first stage of labor in pre-test and assessed as (partial) while there were high mean scores in all items, and assessed Pass in posttest after the implementation of the training education program with high statistical significant.
Conclusion: The study found there were low and moderate means in most items related to the practices of nurse-midwives regarding the care during first stage of labor in pre-test and while there were high mean scores in all items, and assessed Pass in posttest after the implementation of the training education program with high statistical significant.
Recommendation: establishment of clinical practice standards according to the WHO, development of continuing education programs, establishes a baccalaureate degree program in midwifery.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the efficiency of nursing management toward patients' pain. And to find out the association between the nursing knowledge concerning pain management and nurses characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out at AL-Najaf teaching hospitals which include, AL-sadder medical city, AL-Hakeem hospital, AL-Zahra hospital, AL-Forat hospital, through the period of 11/11 /2011 to 28/3/2012. A probably (random sample) of (83) nurses those who are work in the above hospitals. The data are collected through the use constructed questionnaire, which consists of two parts, demographic characteristic sheet that consists of (6) items, which included gender, age, level of education, years of experience and hospital, place of work in the hospital. And the second part of the questionnaire was consists of (16) question concerning nursing management regarding pain management and by means of direct interview technique with nurses who were individually interviewed in the hospitals.
Results: The finding of the present study indicate that a significant association between nursing knowledge concerning pain management and gender and the result shows no other association occurs between the nursing management and other nursing characteristic in this results. And the majority of nurses have moderate level in knowledge about pain management.
Recommendation: Conduct education programs for nurses who have no experience in assessing and managing of pain and to increase the teaching hours about pain management in the curriculum in nursing colleges and institutes including both theory and practice. Also to Provide posters, pamphlets, and booklets in the hospitals to improve their knowledge.

Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of mortality. Antiplatelet therapy is the main drug use in the management of coronary artery disease. Several millions of people received colpidogril, however the cost of the drug that might 3-4 dollars daily for the brand company Sanofi. pharmacies start to sell cheaper generic in Indian origin. assessment of platelet function after two drugs (Plavix and plagrine) by multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEA) shows no difference of both drugs on the multiplate activity, this is assessed by prospective cross sectional study included 28 patients randomized to receive either Plavix or plagrine, there is no significant differences regarded the effects of some risk factors in outcome in both group Plavix and plagrine.

Objectives: To assess the secondary schools obese adolescents' self-esteem level.
Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out at AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf City, of December 1st, 2011 to April 6th, 2012. A multi stage sample of (1350) subjects; it is selected throughout the use of probability sampling. The data are collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire, which consist of three parts (1) Economic Sociodemographic data of that consist of 14-items (2) Index of Self Esteem Scale that consists of 25-items (3) Anthropometric Measurements which consist of Weight and Height. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of (24) experts.
Results: The finding of the present study indicate that there is highly significant relationship between the obesity and the study participants' gender, their order in the family, mother education level, and family socio-economic status. While the obesity and the other variables indicated no significant relationship. The results also shows highly significant relationship between the obesity and the index of self-esteem. There is a significant relationship between the index of self-esteem domain and the order of student in family, fathers' education level, and socio-economic status. Other variables indicated no significant.
Conclusion: Present study concluded that the most of the secondary schools obese adolescents have self-esteem problem, and percentage of obesity (17.3%).
Recommendation: the study recommends that the students would be given an opportunities to participate in social organizations, conferences, and study projects to promote their level of self-esteem constructing and implementing educational programs for secondary schools teachers about how to decrease obesity among their students. Mass media approach should be employed by the Ministry of education to increase students’ knowledge and awareness of the obesity as a health problem.

Objective(s): To assess the physical quality of life's domain of adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia at teaching hospitals in Baghdad city and find out the relationships between the physical quality of life domain of adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia and their demographic characteristics.
Methodology: The study started from the period of 20th November 2011 to 2nd July 2012. A non- probability (purposive) sample of 50 patients was selected from adolescents with ALL. The questionnaire was designed and composed of two parts: the first part includes three sections deal with the adolescent demographic data, disease related information and socio-economic status scale, second include physical quality of life domain. And determined reliability of the questionnaire through a pilot study and determined validity through a panel of (22) experts. The data was collected through questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The data were described statistically and analyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures.
Result: The findings of the present study indicate that (58%) were male, (56%) of the total sample are within the age groups (15-19) years, and (49%) of ALL adolescents were from family of low level of socioeconomic status. While physical domain of the quality of life for these adolescents affected at moderate level.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the acute lymphocytic leukemia most occurs in male than in females. Acute lymphocytic leukemia most common occurs among adolescents in urban residential area. Also the study confirmed that the acute lymphocytic leukemia affects negatively on the physical QoL domain of adolescent.
Recommendation: The study recommended the establishment of hematology and oncology center, an education program for adolescents with ALL started to help them live a better life

Background: Menstruation is episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes and lead to the following discomforts for the girls: a bloody discharge of the vagina, pains, abdominal bloating, headache, fatigue, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, loose stools, mood swings, irritability, and sweating which effect on school performance.
Objectives: finding out the effect of menstruation and associated discomforts on school performance including attendance, assignment and activities among female students.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the two high school of Erbil city on 185 female students (90 of Sarwaran and 95 of Shahid khajabawa high school) during 2nd of Jan to 30th of May, 2012. Data were collected by an interview, using a questionnaire designed by the researchers. Chi-square test was used to study the significance of association between school performance and menstrual characteristics and associated physical discomforts.
Results: the affected percentage of students by menstruation on their school performance were as following: school homework (69.2%), school attendance (23.2%), exam (62.7%) and participation in class activity and presentation (57.1%). There were significant association between age at menarche, amount of blood flow, taking medication during menstruation and menstrual discomforts (abdominal pain, back pain, nausea and vomiting, anxiety) with school performance.
Conclusion: Menstruation characteristics and associated physical and psychological discomforts affect on school performance.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent bacteria that cause chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and their sensitivity to various antimicrobials so that an appropriate therapy can be started promptly while awaiting the results of the culture and sensitivity of the isolate to various antibiotics.
Methodology: This study was conducted at Al-Forat teaching hospital in Najaf city at the ear-nose-throat (ENT) department in December 2010 to April 2011. The swab was taken of ear discharge before starting the antibiotics and cultured on MacConkey agar (Oxoid, England) and blood agar (HI Media, India). Gram positive bacteria were identified on the bases of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase test and coagulase test while the Gram negative bacteria were identified by oxidase test and API 20E (API BioMerieux, France). The sensitivity of the isolates to various antibiotics was tested by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique.
Results: The study showed that females are more prone to get the infection than males in a ratio of 1.8: 1 and the frequent ages liable for infection lie between 3 months-15 year, also it revealed that the gram negative bacteria were more frequent in causing the infection than gram positive bacteria in a ratio of 2.64 :1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent species that causes CSOM then Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than to gentamicin, Staphylococcus aureus also showed more sensitivity to ciprofloxacin than gentamicin, while Proteus mirabilis had the same degree of sensitivity to those 2 antibiotics.
Conclusions: 1- Children are more prone to be infected with CSOM because of their small Eustachian tube and low immunity. 2- Gram negative bacteria were more common in causing the infection than gram-positive bacteria in this study. 3- Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria that cause CSOM then Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. 4- Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than to gentamicin despite the fact that gentamicin is known to be effective against gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa propably because of antibiotic miss use and genetic mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Poor oral health can effect growth, and can lead to medical complications of untreated disease, and results in poor social outcomes. A closed ended questionnaire consist of 18 questions for adults and 9 question for school children to assess the oral health education and knowledge for groups of 300 adults and 369 children were randomly selected of Najaf city in (Najaf governorate), 160 kilometers south of Baghdad. The results showed that the adults and children have acceptable dental health knowledge (67%) and good dental behavior as teeth brushing (about 91% for adults and 87% for children) even once every week. The study reveals that about (32% for females and 31% for males) they never visited the dentist because no pain, a financial problem, and a fear or dental anxiety made a strong barrier for them to seek dental care. While about (69% males, and 67.5% for females), they usually visited dentist because of pain, extraction, filling, and gingivitis the main causes for the visiting the dentist.
The main source of dental health education were the T. V. and reading for adults (for male about 65.5% and about 49% for female) and the school for the children. The most important recommendations are to added a special dental educational learning studies in school's programs, and special television programs for dental health care education.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurse's knowledge toward arrhythmia in Kirkuk's teaching hospitals.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out at Azady and Kirkuk teaching hospitals in 17th January, 2011 to 10th of June, 2012. The program and instruments constructed and developed by the researcher to measure the purpose of the study. Purposive sample comprised of (80) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted (40) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the knowledge assessment includes (43) items. Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts.
Results: The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses' knowledge toward arrhythmia is a positive and clear. It is also shows that there is good improvement with highly significant differences in study group in overall main domains related to nurse's knowledge.
Recommendation: The study recommends that all nurses in the medical department in our country should be involved in the application of educational program which was developed in this study

Background: Diabetes mellitus arises when insufficient insulin is produced, or when the available insulin does not function correctly. Without insulin, the amount of glucose in the blood stream is abnormally high, causing unquenchable thirst and frequent urination. The body's inability to store or use glucose causes hunger and weight loss. Type 2 diabetes' occurs when there is a severe lack of insulin due to the destruction of most or all of the beta ((ß – cells) in the islets of Langerhans. Diabetes mellitus is considered to be one of a rank of free radical diseases which propagates complications with increased free radical formation. Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes mellitus owing to the increase in the production of oxygen free radicals and a deficiency in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Lipid peroxidation of cellular structures, a consequence of increased oxygen free radicals, is thought to play an important role in atherosclerosis and micro vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Hyperlipidemia has also been reported as one of the causative factors for increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus. The study was designed to find out the relationship between lipid peroxidation, and complication of diabetes mellitus and to estimate the mutual relationship between serum lipoproteins levels and diabetes severity.

Objective: To assess the physical domain for patients with angina pectoris.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out, in March 15th 2012 to June 15th 2012, to assess physical domain for patients with angina pectoris. A purposive sample of (50) patients with angina pectoris was selected out of four coronary care unites hospital in Baghdad in coronary care units. A questionnaire was adapted for purpose of the study, which comprised of four major parts in which there were (24) items. The data were analyzed by through the use of descriptive statistical approach data analysis (frequency, percentage, mean of scores) and inferential statistical data analysis approach (chi-square).
Results: The findings of the study indicated that there was relationship between sex and physical domains and their age. In conclusion, the results indicated that individuals with angina pectoris were old age group and the majorities were males.
Recommendation: The study recommended that an education program should be designed to increase individuals' information toward daily physical activity (physical domains) and disease prevention and to reduce the risk of angina pectoris.

Objective: To identify the effectiveness of nursing counseling on psychological burdens on women after mastectomy.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest design) was conducted on non-probability (purposive) sample of thirty women who had received a mastectomy as an intervention group selected during period in 2nd August to 10th November 2011. The study was conducted at three hospitals in Baghdad city which considered the main settings to providing health care for the patients with all types of cancer. Baseline data collection (pretest), post-test 1and post-test 2 and application of the nursing counseling on psychological burdens after mastectomy. The questionnaire form is consisted of two parts which included demographic and reproductive characteristics and psychological burdens after mastectomy. Content validity and reliability of the questionnaire determined through a pilot study, descriptive and inferential statistic is used to analyze the data. The psychological burdens measured by the scale developed by the researcher according to the literature review.
Results: Results of the study showed that the highest of study sample 36.7 % were in age group (50-60) years old, the highest mean of score related to the psychological burdens were refer to the focus and attention, depression, negative feels, anxiety, thinking, and finally followed by positive feels, was found significant differences between pre and posttest related to psychological burdens at standard error P ≤ 0.01.
Recommendation: The study recommends establishing the counseling center in the breast cancer clinics to providing the psychological support and advices for women. The counseling program should be based in treatment program to reduce the burdens and symptoms of cancer and improving the quality of life

Objective: to Assess Pregnant Women's Knowledge about Placenta Previa in Kirkuk Governorate Hospitals.
Methodology: A descriptive analytic study was used to assess the pregnant women's knowledge about placenta previa in kirkuk governorate hospitals in February 2012 to may 2012. A purposive sample consist of (62) pregnant women with placenta previa in four hospital (Azady, Kirkuk, Al-Hawiga, and Dakuk). The data was collected by using interview technique, patient chart, and constructed questionnaire, which consist of three parts. Part one: consist of demographic information Part two: consist of reproductive information Part three: consist of question regarding pregnant women knowledge about placenta previa, it comprise of four domains which are: Domain I: general information concerning placenta previa. Domain II: causes and predisposing factors. Domain III: signs and symptoms, domain IV: diagnostic methods. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through the pilot study and the validity through a panel of (19) experts. Descriptive statistical analysis procedures and inferential statistical analysis procedures were employed for data analysis, all the statistic procedures were tested at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: the result revealed that the majority of the study sample 90.46% has good knowledge concerning placenta previa, it could be concluded that in previous history with PP, or in prenatal visited to the primary health care center or private clinic. The assessment of knowledge is not affected by demographic characteristic and reproductive history factors that mean that the studied questionnaire can be amend for all individuals of the studied population.
Recommendations: The study recommended to increase pregnant women awareness through mass media about pregnancy complications particularly ante partum bleeding, (placenta previa) as one of these complications, importance of frequent prenatal care visits early in pregnancy, and encouraged pregnant women to attempt deliveries at hospital for the availability of specialty medical and nursing staff, as well as the availability of necessary equipment's for cesarean section

Objective: The study aims to evaluation of nurses' practices toward neonatal resuscitation and find the relationship between the nurses' practices and their demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in 4 teaching hospitals (Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Al-karkh Hospital for Deliver, and Al-Kadhimiyia Teaching Hospital) in Baghdad City in the 12th September 2011 to 22th April 2012. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (40) nurses who are working in the delivery room in these hospital. The data was collected through using constructed questionnaire, which comprises (46), items add filled by using interview technique. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistic frequency, percentage, and the application of inferential statistical procedures, which include Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square.
Results: the finding of the study was indicated that the nurses have poor practices about neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room.
Recommendation: the study recommended that nurses 'practices should be improved toward neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room.

Objective: this study was conducted to establish database about road traffic accidents (RTAs) morbidity and mortality and some associated factors in Al-Najaf city.
Design: A descriptive study on road traffic accidents injuries and deaths that had been admitted to the emergency unit at Al-Sader teaching hospital during the period of first of January till 31 December 2011. The data were collected in the statistics department of Al-Sader teaching hospital and then analyzed according to the month, sex and age group.
Results: The results of our study included 3438 RTAs that had been admitted to the emergency unit consisted of 2092 (61%) males and 1346 (39%) females, number of deaths that happen within 24 hours of admission to emergency unit were 14. The number of deaths among males were 10(71%) and females 4(29%). October had the highest road traffic accidents (556) while July had the lowest road traffic accidents (72). The age group that was mostly affected was 15-44 years.
Conclusion: There was marked increase in the RTA in 4 months (September, October, November and December). RTA injuries affected 15-44 year age group more than the other age groups followed by 5-14 year age group. Males were Affected more than females. Deaths were not related to the number of RTA ( there is no relationship between deaths and the number of crashes but it depends on the severity of the crashes) and this need improving road safety legislations and putting them into action (speed limits, seatbelt laws, helmet laws) and education of people about the danger of speed and the importance of seatbelt wearing and proper and rapid hospital care.

Background: The current study aimed to detect human cytomegalovirus among infertile individual. Blood and seminal fluid collected of 300 infertile male randomly, ELISA technique was used to know the activity of humoral immunity among them through measuring anti-HCMV IgM and IgG antibodies, the result revealed that 31 (11%) were positive for IgM result and 234 (78%) were positive for IgG. The PCR technique showed that out of 300 samples only 22 (7.4%) gave positive results, In case of control group, results were negative for anti- HCMV IgM antibodies in ELISA test and PCR technique. While IgG gave a weak positive results.
Objective: the present study was to study the relationship between the virus and infertility through detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infertile male in AL-Najaf governorate by screening of anti-human cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG in the serum and detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in seminal fluid, using PCR technique.

Objectives: To assess the general health and physical aspect for patients undergoing Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in Baghdad city.
Methodology: A descriptive study ( A purposive (non-probability) sample of (70) patients was selected to assess the objective of the study, The study was initiated in March 15th, 2011 until the 20th of April, 2012. A questionnaire was designed and constructed by the researcher to ensure the variables underlying the present study. The data were collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire and by means of structured interview with the patients, the interview with each patients took approximately (15) minutes, the data collection was performed in (April 15th, 2011 until the 20th of November, 2011). Design: A descriptive study in which the assessment approach is applied to achieve the objectives of the study. Data were analyzed through using descriptive Statistical Data Analysis which include (Frequency, Percentage, Arithmetic mean, The standard deviation (SD)) and Inferential Statistical Data Analysis (Contingency Coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient). .
Results: the study indicated the most of sample male, married, read and write, self-employee and in age group (50-59) years old, suffering of diabetes, period of disease diagnosis (1-5) years, the study confirmed the most of patients had moderate level in regard general health and physical aspect of patients undergoing PCI.
Recommendations: An educational program should be designed and Pamphlets or manuals should be distributed to increase patients' information about PTCA procedure to improve their quality of life.

Objective(s): To determine the quality of nursing care provided to children with burns at centers and units in Baghdad City Hospitals and to identify the relationships between nurse's demographic characteristics like (age, gender, level of education years of experience in burn units, monthly income, course of training in burns) and their quality of care provided to children with burn.
Methodology: A descriptive study design was carried out at the non-Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City in the November 27th of 2011 up to the 20th of April 2012. Non probability (purposive) sample of (70) nurses were selected of burns wards in non-Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City, and they have at one year of experience in burn units of Hospitals. The part is concerning with observational checklist skin care and composed of (16) items about nurses' practices of child's with burns at burn units. Select the stability of the questionnaire during and select the pilot study through a group of 15 experts. Been described and data analyzed through using of two statistical approaches: descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: The study revealed (37.1%) of the sample has good practices (37.1%) of them has acceptable practices and (25.7%) of the sample has poor practices about skin care for child's with burns at burn units. Moreover, the findings reflects that no significant relationship between nurse's practices and their demographic characteristics. However, significant relationship is found between their practices there is a significant relationship between nurses' level of education and their practices.
Conclusion: There is significant relationship only between level of nurses' education and their practices of skin care for child with burn injury. There was no statistical significant association between nurses' practices and their general information. Nursing interventions practices shows high grade about skin care to the children with burns Injury. The study found more that than half of the nurses have acceptable and good practices scores toward skin care of child with burns injury.
Recommendation: The study recommended that the educational by providing educational posters, guidelines, pamphlets and manuals, and training program of burns care which is important for the nurses working in burns wards.

Objectives: The study aims to identify the functional capacity for patients with coronary artery disease at middle age, and to find out the significant relation between functional capacity domains with variables patients gender, age, marital status, level of education, and income.
Methodology: Descriptive analytical study was carried out in the out patients and medical unite for cardiac ward Eben-Al-Betarr Hospital, Gazee Al-Harere Hospital, Eben Al-Naffes Hospital, and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A purposive sample of 150 adults patients who have coronary artery disease were attending to the hospital in Baghdad. The questionnaire was composed of three parts and introductory page that invite the subjects to participate in the study, which consist of socio- demographic information sheet, and Short-Form 36- questionnaires (WHO). Determination of reliability of the items scale was based upon the internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by calculating Cronbach s' Coefficient alpha = .781. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods in the data analysis, which include the descriptive data analysis, and Inferential data analysis.
Results: The results of study revealed that the high percentage (58.0%) of study sample were males at age 50-55 years old, (58.7%) continuous married, (29.3%) were Institute certificate, (52.0%) were barely sufficient income, there were highly significant relation between Physical Function and health status and patients gender, there were highly significant relation between level of education and income with Physical role, and there were highly significant relation between marital status and Social role at P ≤ 0.05 level.
Recommendation: the researcher recommends educational strategies for CAD patients about better understanding for their disease and how motivate the life style according to chronic disease.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of the skin-to-skin contact on duration of 3rd stage of labor.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study conducted at the delivery room in maternity department at Baghdad teaching Hospital in Baghdad city. Data collection was started at 2nd January to end of March /2012. Purposive sample consisted of (80) mother and her neonate, (40) mother considered "skin-to-skin contact" group and other (40) considered "control group" and they receive the routine care of the hospital. An assessment tool was constructed for the purpose of the study, it was comprised of Socio-Demographic Data, Mother reproductive health history, assessment of placental separation time, Assessment of mothers third stage. Data were collected through the utilization of application, observation, assessment tool, and the interview techniques as a mean of data collection process. Pilot study was conducted on (10) Mothers on 2nd January to 10th January 2012. To make instrument valid, it was presented to a panel of (20) experts, the reliability of study, correlation coefficient of third stage of labor was (0.76). Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach (i.e., frequency, percentage,) and inferential statistical data analysis approach (correlation coefficient, and chi- square & t test).
Results: The study demonstrates that the highest percentage (27.5%) of study sample was in age group (21-25) years, while the control (16-20) years, concerning the educational level for mothers (55%) (47.5%) respectively for both study and control groups are primary school graduates. Concerning the occupation for mother: highest percentages for both study & control groups (87.5%) (80%) were housewives. There are significant differences between study and control group in third stage of labor assessment, in (complete placental separation, Uterus contract immediately after birth, uterus position between umbilici and pubic bone, absent of any abnormal signs of uterine atony or postpartum hemorrhage, & giving Methargen).
Recommendations:-continuous educational and training program to all midwife work in delivery room on the implementation of skin-to skin contact for all mothers in delivery room, and clarify the benefits on mother and her neonate.

Objective(s): The objective of the study is to determine the nutritional status of adolescents through anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index, triceps skin fold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and mid-arm muscle circumference) in Al- Najaf governorate.
Methodology: descriptive study was conducted in the governorate of Najaf on adolescents aged (10-19), in collaboration with the Directorate of Education in the governorate of Najaf for the period of December 1st 2011 to June 1st 2012. The sample included students of primary schools, intermediate schools and secondary schools (1330 students) males and females and the sample at random selected of those schools, in Najaf, the division into three districts (Najaf, Kufa, and Manadhera) and all divided into urban and rural areas. The information was collected through self-fill data as a way to collect the sample using a questionnaire composed of two parts, Part I, including demographic characteristics and contains(12) Items and the second part, which included anthropometric measurements that filled by the researcher. Select the stability of the questionnaire during the study and select the pilot study through a group of 15 experts. Been described and analyzed the data using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation scale, the proportion of fat under the skin and the ratio of the effect in males 22.5% and females 16.4%, while with regard to the scale of the vicinity of the average upper arm was Ceuta effect in males 51.1% and females 41.2%, with respect to scale ocean Average arm muscles influencing the proportion of 67% in males and females 75.9%, the study showed that there is a significant impact between nutritional status and adolescents of both sex.
Conclusion: The vast majority of students were at age group (14-15 and16-17) years; also Education Levels in Secondary schools; and in Family type in Nuclear family rather than extended family, also Socio-Economic Status in Middle status. The majority of Body Mass Index in obese was male, while the majority of overweight was female. The large subject of study in Triceps Skin fold Thickness the lower than range in male, but above normal range in female. In the both genders, the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference was lower than normal range in great subject of the study. In both genders, the Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference was lower than normal range in great subject of the study.
Recommendations: The study recommended to pay attention to adolescents in terms of food and the emphasis on food quality, not quantity, activating the role of school health and give importance to the countryside more broadly, the work of rounds of health inspection for teenagers interested in aspect and food follow a regular basis, work sessions of the healthy nutrition of the parents in the schools with the assistance of specialists in the field of nutrition and public health, the work of explanatory posters showing the importance of nutrition and food in adolescence.

Objectives: The study aims to identify the nurse's knowledge upon treatment strategies of irritable bowel syndrome, and to find out the significant differences between their knowledge and some variables.
Methodology: Descriptive analytical design of the study was conducting on 80 nurses, starting in January 4th 2010 to the July 4th 2010. The questionnaire was composed of two parts and introductory page that invite the nurses who participate in the study, part one is demographic- characteristics sheet which consist of 19 items which included: Gender, age, level of education, workplace, and year of experiences Part two: Included four domains related to treatment strategies of IBS which consists of drugs therapy (9 Items), nutritional therapy (7 Items), and psychological therapy (5 Items), and complementary therapy (4 Items). The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods in the data analysis which included descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis.
Results: The findings of present study revealed that 55% of the nurses were females, majority of them at age 31-40 years ago, most of the nurses were institute education graduated were of (41.2%), 58.5% of nurses response was incorrect regarding to drugs therapy, and 76.7% of nurses response was correct regarding to nutritional therapy, the results indicated that there were highly significant between nurse's response about drugs therapy and Psychological therapy with age, highly significant between Psychological therapy and level of education at P≤0.05.
Recommendation: The study recommends to preparing programmed lectures for the nurses to learn the treatment strategies of IBS especially for the nurse staff who works in medical units in the hospital to provide patients all knowledge related to IBS management.
Conclusions: the results of study concluded that the nurses have low knowledge regarding treatment strategies for irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective: The present study aims to compare between Praziqantele and flagyl drug in treatment Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
Methodology: a treatment study was carried out in health center in Al-Fuhood area, The present study used praziquantel and flagyl drug for treatment of (64) persons attending to health center in Al-Fuhood area and with a medical supervisor some of them are infected with Entamoeba histolytica and some them infected with Giardia lamblia, the average age for them was between (53-1) years and of both six (35 male, 29 female). Showed that infection level was between mid and severe cases.
Results: A high cure rate was recorded in the out patients treated with Praziquantel (87.5%) and with Metronidazole (flagyl) (81.25%).