Journal of Kufa - physics

The anatomy information that provided by MRI made it an indispensable tool for
diagnosis purposes in present. There are three orientations of acquiring the sliced images of
brain in MRI, which are: sagittal; coronal and axial. So it is a vital task to find out an effective
and adequate technique for processing and segmenting MRI sliced images of the three
orientations modalities to detect and extract tumors in these images. In this work, a simple
and effective technique that, it adequate to segment sagittal and coronal orientations, is
proposed. This technique is one of the enhancement methods that based on the histogram of
the image. Besides, morphological operations were proposed to isolate and extract the tumor
regions adequately from successive sliced MRI images of brain of a patient suffer from brain
tumor, to utilize them later in generating three dimensions image of the extracted tumor. In
addition, the location of the tumor was determined and hold completely within the contouring
map of the patient’s head for the two adopted orientations. The importance of this work
involving that, this process gives the surgeon a better view seen for the tumor from different
orientations to enable him to find out an optimal path to reach the tumor with minimum
damage of the surrounding tissues. This work was achieved by the aid of Mat Lab
programming system..

Blood being the chief circulatory medium in human body, participates in every
functional activity by virtue of its circulation through every organ. Almost in all diseases the
blood undergoes major changes in chemical and biochemical properties. The study of blood
by spectroscopic techniques can be used not only for understanding the biological nature of
the disease, but also for the diagnosis of the breast cancer .In the present work, Fourier
Transform InfraRed (FTIR-ATR) technique is employed to study the spectral differences
between a healthy serum and that affected with new breast cancer .we found the absorbance
of patients with new breast cancer larger than the absorbance of health human.

The electrical conduction mechanism of polyurethane(PU) was doped with a crystal
violet (CV) at weight ratio of 1:3,Electrical measurements including (current-voltage) and
(conductivity-temperature) characteristics at a temperature range of (311-393)K .The result
shows that the sample has a semiconductor behavior as its conductivity increases with the
increasing temperature and the value of dark conductivity at R.T estimated from Ohmic
region was about 4x10-9 S/cm .The required energy to move electrons from valence band to
conduction band can be estimated to be about 0.92eV.The deviation from Ohmic law was
been analyzed in terms of variable range hopping (VRH) conduction theories.

This research is used to examine the attraction potential of each intra shells and evaluate
the total attraction potential of the atoms using Hartree-Fock approximation and found
advantage in contribution ratio of 1s shell and vary in the contribution ratio between 2s and
2p shells.

Partial wave analysis was employed to solve Schrodinger and Dirac equations to
calculate non-relativistic and relativistic cross sections, respectively. We have chosen five
groups from the periodic table and two atoms for each to show the generality of the
theoretical model in applications. The differential and total cross sections were calculated and
compared with the available data, and the agreement was very good for most the systems we
worked on.

The orbit of long period comets overlapped with that of dwarf’s planet Pluto and Eris.
The gravitational effects arise from dwarf’s planets as well as the eight planets have been
involved in orbits calculations. The heliocentric distance, equatorial coordinates, total energy
and observed magnitude are estimated for each sample according to those conditions.
Compare the results with that of two body problem exhibit that a noticeable difference in
these values mentioned aforesaid. A variation in the time of a period at present work has been
seen than that in previous cases.

Al1-xInxSb (x=0.0, 0.1, and 0.2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room
temperature in vacuum by thermal evaporation technique. The morphology, structure and
optical properties of the Al1-xInxSb thin films were characterized using field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), UV-vis spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. FESEM
revealed the formation of nanocubes morphology, and XRD showed the cubic structure of the
Al1-xInxSb thin films. According to the AFM analysis we can remark that high average surface
roughness (RMS) value of Al1-xInxSb nanocubes thin film obtained with In-doped
concentrations equal to x = 0.2, is about of 141 nm. From UV–vis absorption spectra, the
direct energy gap values for the samples with x=0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 were 2.7 eV, 2.5 eV, and 2.4
eV, respectively. The PL spectra obtained indicated strong green shifts at 530 nm, 535 nm,
and 560 nm with intensities gradually increasing with increasing x fraction. The Raman
scattering spectra may be attributed to the bonding behaviors of Sb–LO mode for bulk AlSb
crystals. These results reveal the quantum confinement of the Alx-1InxSb nanocubes.

In this work the luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) plates doped with Al-Anthedin
dye was prepared by at the solid state laboratory at room temperature with different
thicknesses and concentrations .The Anthedin dye concentrations were (1×10-4
, 2×10-4
and
3×10-4
) mol/L. The optical characteristics have been studied such as absorption and energy
gap also the optical constants such as the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient
were calculated for all panels.
Increasing the concentration of the Al-Anthedin dye led to increase the values of
absorbance, absorption and extinction coefficient. The results also demonstrate that the value
of the energy gap was decreased with increasing the concentrations from (2.2eV) for the
lowest concentration to (2.1eV)for the highest one

Present study concerns on the effect of B/P compound on the electrical properties of the
pure graphene sheet. The calculations are including the electrical conductivity, thermal
conductivity, I-V characteristic and transmission coefficient. These calculations are carried
out using GOLLUM program. We showed that good relax of the studied graphene sheets was
obtained using LDA/SZ DFT at SIESTA - trunk - 462 of program. Electrical and thermal
conductivities of the pure graphene sheet GR1 still the largest, and for the doped, they are of
the order of GR6 ˃ GR5 ˃ GR4. The I-V characteristis were analyzed, and the transmission
coefficient of the pure graphene sheet is higher than that of doped graphene sheets.

In this paper, a T-slot loaded circular disk microstrip patch antenna was designed using
HFSS Microwave Studio at a resonant dual frequency of 4.37 GHz and 5.19 GHz. The
antenna parameters are calculated such as a dual bandwidth was obtains as 105.8 and 137.6
MHz compared with 73.7 MHz for CMSA , return loss, VSWR values are 1.08 and 1.138 for
corresponding two resonant frequencies and calculated 2D and 3D radiation pattern and a
good agreement was obtained for this antenna after approximate the dimensions of the T-slot
to zero.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of M5P model trees machine
learning technique for estimating monthly pan evaporation from meteorological data. The M5
method as it is implemented in the WEKA system is used to generate trees models. Three
different M5P models comprising various combinations of monthly climatic variables
(temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) are developed to evaluate effect of each of
these variables on evaporation estimations. Two error statistics namely root mean squared
error and coefficient of determination are used to measure the performance of the developed
models. Monthly meteorological data of Emara station in Missan, south of Iraq is used in this
study as a case study. The results demonstrated that the M5P models whose inputs are wind
speed, relative humidity and temperature performed the best among the input combination
tried in the study. It was found that M5P could be employed successfully in modeling
evaporation process from the available climatic data.

Polyanilne-Oxalic have been successfully synthesized by using aniline hydrochloride
and ammonium per sulfate in ice path at(0-5)0C, and oxalic acids as dopents.
The structural and optical properties of (PAni) are investigated by using UV-VIS spectra
photometer, the XRD analysis and FT-IR pattern confirmed the formation of (PAni) .
The UV-VISspectra show three absorption peaks at (299),(362),(454) nm , the value of Eg is
equal to 2.7 eV .The electrical properties are investigated. The experiment results show that
the D.C. electrical conductivity of PAni-ox. are ( 8.2×10-2
S/cm ) at R.T.

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) were grown on Zinc oxide/silicon (ZnO/Si) (1
substrate(100) by thermal evaporation method. The magnetron sputtering technique was used
to deposit ZnO thin film. High-density nanostructured GaN was formed as shown in the
scanning electron microscopy image. X-ray diffraction showed that ZnO/Si and GaN films
had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Photoluminescence (PL) of ZnO/Si showed strong peak at
382.84 nm (3.23 eV),while PL of GaN/ZnO/Si NWs exhibited a strong band-edge emission at
approximately 338.94 nm (3.65 eV), which belongs to GaN NWs. Broadening of the energy
bandgap compared with the growth of GaN (3.45 eV) could have occurred because of
nanocrystalline structure quantum confinement effects. Raman spectrum of ZnO/Si
nanocrystalline thin films showed a band located at 579 cm−1 that can correspond to the
A1(TO) mode. Furthermore, the Raman bands at approximately 520 cm−1 correspond to the
first-order transverse optical (1TO) mode of the c-Si substrate. For GaN/ZnO/Si NWs,
Raman-active optical phonons are assigned to 568 cm−1 because of E2 (high). The I–V
characteristics of GaN/ZnO/Si indicated the excellent ultraviolet photoresponse.

This study was conducted to know the importance of some digital , indices in the study
area in province of Basrah . Using Remote sensing Technique as Satellite image Land Sat 8
OLI, Contour line and Geographic Information system (GIS) to delineate the land form units
in area, which was checked and completed through field observation to generate a preliminary
soil mapping units. Ten profiles were taken to represent different mapping units. Results showed correlation that there were significant relationships between digital indices and
spectral reflectivity, found the case of the variation in the values of the change in vegetation
(NDVI) among soil profiles study area ranging directory between 0.0844 - 0.1795 values and
this represents a case of variation in vegetation , as the highest value of the NDVI in pedon 4
and reached 0.1795 fact that this pedon located in rivers levees area of vegetation , and there
is a variation between SI values in soil profiles study area ranged from 0.227 - 0.415 is
observed that the highest values were in pedon 3,6 and 8 and by 0.405, 0.412 and
0.415,respectively, to the presence of light material color of the presence of surface crust of
salt and the rule of calcium carbonate. The results showed the SAVI linear correlation is
negative relationship highly significant between the soil and plant amounted to 0.99 , as
evidence between 0.0773 - 0.1383 values ranged ,These represent a variation in vegetation ,
as she was the highest value of the SAVI in the pedon 4 and reached 0.1383. The rest of the
digital indices was the influence is not clear in the study area .As can be seen from the results
of digital indices there is a difference in values between each pedons and from which you can
distinguish the spatial variability of soil surface properties.

In this study the electron stopping power was calculated for electron interacted in six
types of human tissue (Ovary, testis, Brain(gray/white matter), Lung tissue, Soft tissue,
Muscle(skeletal)), in the range of energy (20-20000) . Losing charged particles energy
through interactions due to the penetration of material is very important, especially in the
subject of diagnosis and medical treatments. Adopted Curve Fitting Tool and Z. Tan and W.
Liu date to the electronic stopping power was calculated for electron and getting the equation
for each tissue then we can obtain semi-empirical equation to the electronic stopping power
was calculated for electrons in the six mediums studied in this paper .the calculated results
were compared through the semi-empirical equation obtained from the source results Z. Tan
and W. Liu .After calculating the correlation coefficient CORREL and the standard error
STEYX for the results of Semi-empirical equation, the obtained results show a satisfactory
agreement.

In this work a hybrid composite materials were prepared containing matrix of resin
(unsaturated polyester UP) reinforced by different reinforcing materials (Kevlar fiber +
Carbon fiber + Boron fiber). The hybrid composite materials prepared are:
*H1 = UP + KF(WR) + CF(WR) * H2 = UP + KF(WR) + MF(WR)
*H3 = UP + KF(WR) + MF(WR) + CF(WR)
All samples related to mechanical tests were prepared by hand lay up molding process.
Mechanical tests include young modulus with different exposure times in UV radiation.
The mechanical experimentations results were in favour of the samples (H3) with an
obvious weakness of the samples (H1) and a decrease of these properties with the increasing
of the exposure times in UV radiation.

The present study was performed in nuclear and radiation laboratory at university of
Kufa-faculty of science-department of physics. 14 samples of chips were collected from local
Iraqi markets. Using scintillation detector (NaI(Tl)), the contents of U-238, Th-232 and K-40,
in the above mentioned samples , were determined. The results showed that, the average
specific activity for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were 08.75±03.31Bq/kg, 3.89±1.13 Bq/kg and
245.54±08.47 Bq/kg. The results proved that natural radioactivity were comparable with the
allowed world limit and no health effect for human according to radiation contents.

Was used in this research a new technology, a ground penetrating radar ((ground
penetrating radar to detect features and foundations are buried beneath the ground of Kufa
Mosque holy Such surveys carried out the first of the two sites have been using antennas
(500MHz) to a depth of one meter and six tracks (291,292,293,294,295,296) and the path
length of 15 meters Mthah of east to west, and the distance between the track and the last of
90 centimeter to study the floor of the mosque at one meter depth were taken close to the
shrine of the Prophet Gabriel, peace be upon him either a second site was used antennas
(250MHz) and a depth of 5 meters under the ground in order to detect distortions found at a
depth of 5 meters and has a single path a length of 15 meters, traveling from north to south,
either for treatment has been using the Explorer program rad RAD Explorer and also GPS
device.

In this research , Point Spread Function (PSF) for elliptical aperture with elliptical
obstruction of different obstruction ratio Ɛ(0.2,0.5, 0.8) was studied for regular illumination
together with Gaussian filter. Also the standard deviation modulus was changed to have
different value of a (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 , 1). The calculations performed for diffraction limited
system and with a different values of spherical aberration W40 (0.25 λ, 0.5 λ ,0.75λ). The
results showed that as the standard deviation modulus decreased the central intensity of PSF
is increased, and the effect of spherical aberration is decreased too. In addition the increasing
in obstruction ratio results in decreasing full width half maximum and increasing the
secondary peaks of the pattern, i.e. the increase of noise in the image.