University of Thi-Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper addresses the problem of motion detection and moving objects of variable appearance in challenging scenes rich with features and texture. It is made particularly difficult by the nature of objects encountered in such scenes. The research included a method which uses fast motion detection and segmentation as constraint of differences between frames of video, and when changes in each pixel of an image, will alert start and message displayed on LCD that plugged to microcontroller.

This paper investigates the design of flat-plate solar collector system experimentally.The production amount of hot water depends on the type and size of the system, the amount of sun rays available at the site, proper installation, and the tilt angle and orientation of the collectors with respect to the south direction. The results show that the amount of the energy collected by the thermal fluid and the absorber plate are inversely proportional to that thickness and diameter of both riser and drum tubes, and it decreases when the air gab between glasses layer increases( prevents the sun rays and the solar effect ).The intensity of the mean sun rays daily per hour is an important factor to the energy absorbed by the collector. This study used aluminumas an absorber plate because its thermal conductivity is high more than copper and mild steel ,its price is cheap.

In this paper the absorption air conditioning system has been analyzed, and the solar energy has been used as a source for heat required to operating the absorption cycle. The influence of most of the parameters which may affect the performance of absorption air conditioning system has been studied under the climatic conditions of Iraq. The main advantage of solar based air conditioning systems is the synchronization between the cooling demand and the availability of solar energy especially in hotregions like Iraq which containshuge potential of solar energy in summer season. The results obtained indicate the ability of using solar energy to reduce the electricity consumption for air conditioning applications. Fora certain space with cooling load 5 Ton (17.5 kW) for climatic conditions (solar radiation intensity 1000 W/m2 and ambient temperature 45oC) the solar collector with area 40 m2 can provide 75% of required heat to produce this cooling load demand and a collector with area53 m2 can provide 100 % of required heat to produce this cooling load demand for the seclimatic conditions.

The most significant weakness of hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) is the high construction cost and the complicated control strategies due to multiple power sources[1],[2] .In this paper a new developed configuration of hybrid vehicle is presented.The new configuration is simple,cost-effective and easy to implement .The differential unit, which acts as mechanical torque-overflow keeps engine torque within a predefined value .This is achieved by the aid of torque loop attached to one terminal of the differential.The new configuration proved to act continuously varying transmission(CVT)and also can perform efficient control strategies .Minimum emissions can be assured by running the IC-engine within best engine performance zone which is characterized by engine torque and engine speed.

In this work a flat plate collector was designed and manufactured with dimension of (100cm×160cm×20cm) and analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The designed FPC consist of Nine pipes with (2.223cm in diameter with 140cm long) welded above the plate to act as heat removal fluid passage ways. The flow inside the pipes can takes place by forced convection. However, certain energy absorbed by the plate is lost to atmosphere due to higher temperature of the plate. Effect of plate temperature on efficiency and top loss coefficient studied for different wind velocities and different air temperature. Effect of emissivity of absorber plate on top loss coefficient was estimated.The obtained result showed that the efficiency of FPC increase by 3%with the increase in ambient temperature by8 ̊C, the efficiency decrease with the increase in plate temperature and the top loss coefficient increase when the emissivity of absorber plate increase and when wind velocity increase. The comparison of result showed a good agreement.

The weakness of scientific planning of the contemporary Arab cities present the most important problems that taking place in these cities as evident in the transformations in their constructional,social and economic structures the interacting , overlapping , competing to reflect the contradiction ,differences and interests of architectural forms and different urban types .This paper deals with three of Arab cities : Baghdad, Cairo and Dubai . It aims to explain the transformations and read the contradictions and differences in the scapes relevant to analysis those of urban types using the concept of (urbane fragmentation) as an analytical framework with a deductive understanding of urban types that are affected by these transformations in order to find planning solutions to control and evaluate,the connection between the "privacy of space" (through the social and cultural aspects) and the "privacy of time" (from globalization to sustainability) and "modern procedural systems"(local government and planning) and the "cityscape" (through the urban types).

The present study deals with the possibility of natural heat transfer in rectangular cavity divided by barriers put on the top and bottom wall. The length of barrier and the number of Rayleigh, in addition to the boundary conditions were changed to indicate the impact these variables on heat transfer inside the gap.The results of the present study show that the increase in the length of barriers within the gap reduces heat transfer; while the values of Nusselt within the gap increase as the number of Rayleigh increase.Besides, changing the boundary condition specific of vertical walls (the first case: the right wall is hot and left is cold ; the second case: the right wall is cold and left is hot) has a considerable impact in increasing the heat transfer in the second case where the left wall is hot. In comparison with related studies. It can be seen that there is a good conformity as related the values of Rayleigh and Nusselt.

This study consist performance evaluation of Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation System in various cases of topography with based on a certain model ,the model is applied to difference cases of topography with uniformity slopes up hill and down hill .The equilibrium between characterize of system operation and requirement of model operation in topography is study,the uniformity with which a sprinkler irrigation system applies water is an important aspect of that system performance and should be consider in design and management this system, this is achieved by determine uniformity coefficient, therefore this study also consist effect of topography on uniformity under different case of soil topography .Result have been shown for case of equilibrium between pump and irrigation system that pressure head at the beginning of pipe will increase when was up hill slope but inflow decrease because deficit in pressure head and flowrate at middle and end of pipe and vice versa .Also the study showed that effect of topography on uniformity in center pivot is limited although a large change in pressure head and flowrate along the pipe ,and can be say that it is return to nature of change in flowrate and Christiansen\'s coefficient which it used to characterize water distribution uniformity.