Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture

The study aimed to examine the ability of propagation
of water hyssop Bacopa monnieri L. in vitro. To induce
callus, two auxin , NAA and 2,4-D are used. They showed the
highest percentage of 93% callus induction when 1.5 mg .l
-1

was used for both. The induced callus was distinguished by
its white compact color containing a lot of nodes. After that
another treatment with 3 mg . l
-1
2,4-D was conducted to
score 85% , the callus was compact yellow. The treatment by
3 mg/l
-1
NAA scored 53%. The callus was yellow and soft,
where as the callus was not induced by hormones free
treatment. The effect of cytokines on the formation of
vegetative buds was also examined in this study. The results
showed that the interaction between treatment by (0.5
mg .l
-1
) of BA and (0.5 mg.l
-1
) KN was significantly increased
in the number of the vegetative buds; the number was 40
vegetative buds. Then another treatment followed (0.5
mg . l
-1
) BA, the interaction of (0.5 mg.l
-1
) BA, KN and NAA
and (0.5 mg. l
-1
) of KN to form (14.7, 10.3, 10.0) vegetative
buds respectively. The control treatment scored 2.5
vegetative buds to show a significant increase in the length of
the vegetative buds (15.33 cm) followed by the treatment of
the interaction between (0.5 mg .l
-1
) BA and KN to score
(13.00 cm) and the treatment of (0.5 mg.l
-1
) BA , (8.33 cm).
The interaction between (0.5 mg. l
-1
) of BA, KN and NAA,
(6.67 cm). The length of the vegetative buds was (4.67 cm) in
the treatment by (0.5 mg.l
-1
) KN. The plants were
acclimatized then transformed into the water field
successfully.

The study included the utilization of three types of hormones,
i.e. LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20 or 30 µg / kg, a mixture of
LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20, and 30 µg / kg with
Domperidone (DOM) at 5 mg / kg and carp pituitary gland extract
(CPE) at 3 and 4 mg / kg, in order to study the effect of hormone
type and used dosage on the level of gonadotropins secreted from
the pituitary gland of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. females
during the artificial fertilization. Concentrations of GTHs (FSH
and LH) were measured using ELISA kit on blood samples
collected from fish caudal peduncle after 2, 6 and 12 hours of
injection with LHRH-A2 and hormone mixture or 2, 6 and 8 hours
for fish treated with CPE .Results showed that GTHs levels were
low in fish treated with LHRH-A2 for all the utilized dosages LH
(4.66 ± 1.27 mIU / mL) or LHRH-A2+ DOM LH (5.22 ± 0.77 mIU
/ mL). In contrast, GTHs levels in fish treated with CPE at 3 and 4
mg / kg were higher and levels of FSH and LH were higher with 4
mg / kg LH (34.51 ±12.59 mIU/mL) than it with 3 mg / kg,

The fisheries and stock assessment of shilig Leuciscus vorax
(Aspius vorax) the in East Hammar marsh, which is the first study
to assess this species in southern Iraq. A total of 5751 specimens
was collected by several fishing gears for a period of January in
2009 until May in 2010. Total lengths of L. vorax were ranged
from 3.7 to 55.6 cm was as total length. The species constituted
6.4% from the total catch by seine net and the catch rate ranged
from 0.84 kg/hr in May 2009 to 3.33 kg/hr in January 2010 and
rate 2.01 kg/hr. The length-weight relationship obtained was W=
0.0068 x

L
3.0425
. The fish stock was assessed by lengths, frequency
technique using FiSAT program. Growth, mortality parameters
and exploitation rate estimated were: L∞= 65.1 cm, K= 0.22, Z=
0.96, M= 0.5, F= 0.46, E= 0.48, E0.1
= 0.411 and Emax
= 0.52.
Recruitment pattern of the species exhibited single pulse modal
contributed 45% of the total recruits for the period AprilSeptember

with a peak during June-August. The mature
individuals of L. vorax were exposed to fishing before the
spawning season in Eastern Al-Hammar marsh, because the value
Lc (18.3 cm) is lower than Lm (21.5 cm). Therefore, this study
suggests increasing the mesh size and regulating the fishing effort.

In this study the breeding of the shrimp Litopenaeus
vannamei was achieved by two methods; the first was stock
breeding to estimate total number of eggs, and the second was
individual breeding to recognize the relationship between
weight and eggs number. The environmental factors in the
hatchery were measured, the averages of water temperature
and salinity were recorded to be 31 º C and 32 ppt.,
respectively, while the dissolved oxygen and pH were 7.5 mg/ l
and 8.2 respectively. The results of stock breeding showed that
total number of eggs (fecundity) and nauplii produced from 20
ablated females with weight of 35.5 + 3.1 g were 3000000 eggs
per spawning and about 2 400000 nauplii respectively.
Fertilization rate and hatching rates were 86.5 %, and 78.7 %
respectively. The results of individual breeding showed that
maximum number of eggs (164000 eggs / female) was
achieved in these females that weight 42.0 g, while the
minimum were 95000 eggs / female for female weighted 32.5
g. Maximum fertilization rate was 95.2 % in those females with
lower weight, while the minimum fertility rate was 77.5 % in
those with higher weight.

The concentrations of heavy metals (iron, copper,
nickel, lead and cobalt) were studied in many organs
(muscle, liver, gonads and gills) of Lethrinus
nebulosus fish hunted from the Iraqi marine waters,
as well as, the water and sediments of the area.
Metals concentration were measured by Flame
atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results
showed that the highest values were recorded for iron
286.65 µg /g (dry weight) and the least concentration
was for lead 1.74 µg /g (dry weight), nickel , copper
and cobalt recorded (6.29, 9.89 and 19.71) µg /g (dry
weight) respectively. Results showed that fish body
parts that accumulated the metals were as follows:
gills, liver, gonads and muscle, whereas the sequence
of metals in fish body was as follows: iron, cobalt,
copper, nickel and lead, whereas the sequence of
metals according to season were: summer, spring,
winter, autumn, winter. The results showed that the
highest heavy metals concentrations of the sediment
in winter was1250.98 65 µg /g (dry weight), while the
lowest concentrations of heavy metals in water, was
for lead and nickel 0.43 and 0.18 µg /L respectively,
and in iron, cobalt and copper 4.11, 3.93 and 3.38 µg
/L respectively.

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of different
ratios of fish protein concentrates (FPC), recovered by using
salt solution (pure NaCl) 1% & 2% concentrate , on the growth
and survival rates of carp fingerlings Cyprinus carpio L., three
treatments had been made, A1& A2 contains the two made
FPC and the third A3 contain commercial FPC, the three diets
used in feeding 90 fish distributed on 9 plastic containers with
capacity of 25 L., with three replicates for each treatment, 10
fingerlings were put in each replicate. The rates of relative
growth, specific growth, food conversion were measured, it
shows that A1 was the best treatment in the measurements,
76.87%, 1.854%, 2.375 respectively and A2 shows best survival
rate 95%. Moreover the results shows significant differences
(p< o.o5) between the treatments.

Carnosines were extracted from alkhshni fish
Liza abu L. by using alcohol and water
separation,Carnosines were identificated in several
ways including spectroscopy identification using
UV-visible and Fourier Transform infrared
spectrophotometer technology and High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC),
spectral diagnostics using Ultraviolet-visible (UV)
carnosines single peak showed at 215 nm
wavelength and at diagnosis High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) retention time
stood for standard carnosines 2.532 and author
carnosines separated from 2.614 minutes alcoholic
carnosines and 2.625 minutes aqueous carnosines,
after undetecting the detection of toxicity assay of
carnosines prepared on human blood serum and
there have been no changes in its shape and
appearance.

Larvae of Luciobarbus xanthopterus and Ctenopharyngdon
idella were cultured in ponds with treated wastewater in marine
science center by adding 20 larvae to each pond in a replicate to
each species as well as the control ponds to the two species.
Experiment was expend to six weeks depending on the natural
food available in the pond. While standard artificial diet was add
to the control ponds. Some biological measurements were done
including length and weight rates, weight increase and daily
weight increase, relative and specific growth rates and survival
rates. Results showed a clear excellence of treated wastewater
ponds in all biological measurements from the control ponds at
the tow species. Larvae of L. xanthopterus showed a length and
weight rates, weight increase and daily weight increase and
survival rates higher than C. Idella which were (4.41 ± 0.04) cm,
(0.35 ± 0.06) gm, (0.322 ± 0.005) gm, (0.008 ± 0.0002) gm/day
and (91.67 ± 2.89) % respectively, while C. Idella showed relative
and specific growth rates higher than L. xanthopterus larvae
which were (3790.40 ± 877.88) % and (8.85 ± 0.56) %gm/day
respectively. The study showed that the use of treated
wastewater in L. xanthopterus and C. Idella larvae culture was
excellent and rise the growth and survival rates of these larvae.

Reproduction strategy of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium
arabicum were studied in Iraqi marine water from January, 2014 to
December, 2015. A total of 475 Arabian carpetshark (260 female and
215 male) were cached by trawling net of Bahith Ship (related to
Marine Science Center). Results appeared the occurrence of seven
length groups and the length-weight relationship was represented by
the following equations: W= 0.000006 × L
2.91
. Hepato somatic index
(HIS) was differ according to maturing conditions of males and
females, where highest value (11.906) of HSI for females recorded at
October and lowest value (6.908) recorded at June. There were
negative correlation between oil ratio of female’s liver and maturing
condition. Smallest matured female was 421 ml in total length and
785.23 g in weight, while smallest matured male was 401 in total
length and 693.14 in weight. The cycle of gonad maturation was
divided into three stages: immature, maturing and mature for males
and females. The GSI values were different during study period,
where highest values (8.84 and 7.93) for females recorded during
April and May respectively and lowest value (0.73) during June, while
highest value (6.74) for males recorded during March and lowest
value (0.66) during May. Monthly differences in GSI especially for
females refers that spawning period extended from May to June. This
result can be supported by gonad inspection for males and females.

The present study was made to observe the effect of phenolic
extract isolated from the green alga Chara vulgaris on the larval
stage (Cysticercus) of Taenia taeniaeformis in mice infected in the
laboratory compared with two sets of control and Albendazole drug.
It found The phenolic extract, after 3 days of treatment has more
effect on the larval stage of T.taeniaeformis from Albendazole
drug.The lowest average number of live larvae was 3.75 larvae at
concentrations of 0.065 and 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract
and the highest average was5 larvae at the concentrations of 0.015
and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole, respectively,
while the lowest average number of dead larvae reached 2.5 larva by
the same two concentrations.The highest average reached 6 larvae
at the concentration of 0.115 mg/kg of phenolic extract, while the
lowest percentage of dead larvae was 33.33% at the concentration
of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole,
respectively.The highest percentage (61.53%) at the concentration
of 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract.The higher therapeutic
efficiency was (63.96%) at the concentrations 0.065 and 0.115
mg/kg of the phenolicextract and the lowest the rapeutic efficiency
(51.59%) was at the concentration of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of the
phenol and Albendazole, respectively.