Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture

Extraction of polysaccharides from green algae
Cladophora crispata was studied. Algae was collected from
Karmat Ali River in Basrah. Polysaccharides was extracted
by sodium carbonate Na2CO3 and the properties for it were
studied. The result showed that the relative viscosity was
increased with the increase of concentration and decrease
with the increasing of temperature the highest viscosity
was 11.0020 in 30°C and the lowest was 8.0576 in 50 °C.
The ability of polysaccharides for water absorbtion and fat
binding was noticed that it was increased with the
increasing of the concentration, the percentage of
polysaccharides solubility was 69.72%, and it was higher
than sodium alginate (65.68%). the results also showed
decreased of foaming of polysaccharides because of it
s high viscosity.

Effect of prebiotic, bay laurel
’
s (Laurus nobilis) leaf
extract, on growth, food conversion and survival of
common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied in the
laboratory. Three concentrations (1% T1, 2% T2 and 3%
T3) in addition to control (0%) were used in eight
aquaria with two replicates. Experiment was conducted
between 1 February to 4 May, 2016 including 21 days for
acclimation. Results appeared that highest weight
increment (7.63 g) achieved by T2 compared with the
lowest (5.42 g) that achieved by control. Results also
appeared that no fish mortalities occurred during
experiment. Better food conversion (4.56) achieved by
T2 compared with 6.59, 5.46 and 5.2 for control, T1 and
T3 respectively. Highest daily growth rate (0.099 g/day)
was achieved by T2 comparing with (0.07, 0.078 and
0.081) g/day achieved by control, T1 and T3
respectively. Highest specific growth rate (0.975 %/day)
was achieved by T2 comparing with other treatments. It
was concluded that better results achieved by T2 that
2% of laurel leaf extract was added to fish food.

The mud crab Chiromentes boulengeri
(Calmen,1920) were used as bioindicator to
pollution in Shatt Al- Arab River by heavy metals
(Co, Cu, Cd,Ni, Fe, Mn, Pb(, two stations were
choosen, Al-Salhia (possibly polluted area) and
Karmat Ali (possibly least polluted area), the study
shows remarkable increase in heavy metals
concentration in the tissue of mud crab in the
possible polluted area (Al- Salhia) as those
cpmared with least polluted area (Karmat Ali).
Remarkable increase in metabolic enzymes (ALT,
AST and CK) in the hemolemph of mud crab
inhabiting Salhia compared with Karmmat Ali, the
levels of metabolic enzymes noted to be altered
with increase of most of heavy metals in water and
sediments, this lead to the conclusions that the
metabolic enzymes can possibly used as
physiological indicator to pollution by heavy
metals and the mub crab possibly used as
bioindicator for monitoring program of water
pollution in Shatt Al- Arab River.

This study was carried out at Al-Radhwaniyah Fish
Reservoir (Baghdad) for the period from 16/9/2016 to
16/2/2017 to investigate the polymorphism of GH Gene
and Relationship with glucose, cholesterol, AST, ALT, HDL
and LDL in common carp. Single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNPs) in GH gene was analyzed by direct sequencing.
Results showed that there was a mutation in the site of
G1217T, this SNP was significantly (p<0.05) associated with
the concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood.
Heterozygote genotype
(GT) recorded glucose
concentration of 79.90 mg / 100ml while wild genotype
(GG) 67.27 mg/100ml. Cholesterol reached 147.84 mg /
100 ml in GT genotype and 129.16 mg/100ml in GG
genotype. The Results indicated was no significant
associated with AST, ALT, HDL and LDL characteristics.
The conclusion of this study, the polymorphism of GH gene
is possible to adopt as a mark to predict the performance
and selection of fish to be parents for future generations.

The amount of annual change in the total quantity of Egyptian fish
production from various sources about 11.45 tons, with an annual growth
rate of approximately 1.1% of the annual average of about 1000.9 tons
during the study period (2001-2015). The amount of annual change in the
volume of consumption of fish in Egypt during the same study period of
about 0.65 tons, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.1% of the
annual average of about 1185.4 thousand tons. The amount of annual
change in the average per capita consumption of fish in Egypt during the
same study period of about 0.02 kg/year, with an annual growth rate of
about 0.12% of the annual average of about 16.3 kg/year. The amount of
annual change in the self-sufficiency rate of fish in Egypt during the study
period of about 0.55% with an annual growth rate of about 0.7% of the
annual average of about 84.5%. The amount of annual change in the
volume of exports of fish in Egypt during the study period of about 0.01
tons, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.2% of the annual
average of about 5.2 tons. The amount of annual change in the evolution of
the volume of imports of fish in Egypt during the study period of about
0.45 tons, with an annual growth rate of about 0.24% of the annual
average of about 189.5 million tonnes.