Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

This study was designed to isolate and diagnose the microorganisms associated with imported and domestic meat depending on morphological , microscopically , biochemical and physiological properties as well as PCR and vitek techniques. Toxic effect of metabolic compounds was produced by fungal isolate on physiological and biochemical parameters in albino rat males which were also determined in addition to the primary diagnosis for these compounds .In addition to that ,the evaluation of the effect of some natural and chemical compounds on occurrence of these microorganisms in meat samples were investigated.
The results showed that a total number of microorganisms in samples of meat reached 222.71x105 cfc/g in imported meat and 128.66 x 105 cfc /g in domestic meat . Five bacterial isolates were isolated from meat samples were belong to Staphylococcus , Escherichia , Enterococcus , Salmonella and Serratia genera. Escherichia coli was high frequency and visible get to 89% and 28.94 % respectively ,while the frequency and visible of Staphylococcus aureus were 26.31 % and 70.3 % respectively , as well as the multiplex PCR results confirmed that 6 isolates genome belong to E.coli were containing gene STX which is responsible for toxin synthesis .

Reduction of seedling growth is a consequence of seed deterioration. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of duration of seed aging on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds germination characteristics. Experiment conducted as completely randomized design with 3 replications. Seeds were subjected to accelerated aging treatment for, 3, 7 and 10 day at 45 ±1 C° and 100% relative humidity. These artificially aged seeds were compared to control (Unaged seeds) for evaluation of seed vigor. Accelerated aging of Okra seeds up to three days had significant effect on germination percentage. Increase ageing period caused highly seed moisture content, electrolyte leakage (in term electrical conductivity EC) and decreased in germination percentage. Germinability was lost completely at 10 days of ageing. The accelerated ageing caused in addition of reducing germination percentage, they caused reduction in seedling length, seed vigor index, germination speed index, and shoot, root fresh & dry weight. Finally, the results revealed that accelerated aging caused depression of Okra seeds viability through the above parameters.

All public drinking water system was required to measure the levels of residual chlorine in a practically accurately instruments to ensure that the water was adequately disinfected. This experimental study was carried out to compare under practical condition in laboratory the test results of free and total chlorine in the water samples between digital colorimeter and visual colorimeter by using of chemical indicator reagents of ((DpD number (1)) for testing of free chlorine in water samples, and ((DpD number (3)) for testing of total chlorine in water samples. The experiments lasted from (1/10/2011 to 1/5/2012). The study was conducted in the Laboratories of Al-Kufa Technical Institute in Al-Kufa city that belong to Al-Najaf governorate about 165 Km to the south of Baghdad, and 60 km to the south of Babylon governorate.
200 experiments were done in the laboratory, by made of 2 experiments in each day through a standards laboratory conditions.
There was a highly statistical significant difference (p=0.000), in comparing between digital calorimeter and visual colorimeter of both free and a total chlorine test results.
There was a highly differences in the mean when was comparison of the digital colorimeter with the visual colorimeter of both all free and total chlorine experiment.
There was a strong direct correlation between digital colorimeter experimental results and contact time in both all free and total chlorine experiments, while there was a weak direct correlation between visual colorimeter and contact time in all free and total chlorine experiments.

In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the main harmful effects of saline water movement by capillarity in degradation of soils structure and salts accumulation on their surface, an experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of the Bitumen emulsion application on the mechanism movement of different qualities of water by capillary action in three different soils texture (clay, sandy loam and sandy soils), air dried and passed through (2) mm sieve. Half of each soil been mixed thoroughly with Bitumen emulsion of (1%) on dry soil bases and the other half was left without treatment. Soils have been placed into fifty four glass tubes of (100) cm length and (0.8) cm diameter. Three qualities of water (tap water of 1.85 dS m-1, mixed water of 6.22 dS m-1 and drainage water of 10.48 dS m-1) were used. All treatments have been done three times. The height of rising water by the capillarity (cm) at time of measurement (minute) was measured and capillary water velocity (cm h-1) was calculated for all treatments (Bitumen, soils and water qualities). All obtained data were statically analyzed by using the SPSS program.
From using the tab, mix and drainage qualities of water, results of the capillary action indicate differences in the water rising values with the different soils and Bitumen treatments. Increasing of salts concentration in the water caused significant decreases in the capillary water rise values throughout the time of measurements of all treatments. The application of Bitumen caused large reduction in cumulative capillary rise and capillary water velocity values at the start and the end of the capillary action time, the reduction percentage values was 70.08% at the beginning and 12.66% at the end of the measurement time. The reduction in upward movement of saline water by capillary action was recorded in all experiment treatments. The results concluded that, coating of Bitumen emulsion to the soil particles and its penetration into aggregates of the soils caused an improvement in the soil structure units and porosity. These newly formed units of soil structures were not affected by the salt level present in the rising water by capillarity. The application of Bitumen caused increasing in the macro pore spaces (drainage pores) and reduction in the micro pore spaces (capillary pores) of the soils, which, consequently, resulted in a decline in rising movement velocity of saline water by capillarity in all soils.

The aim of this investigation is to determine the most of the cells in colon, and the main salient differences of the layers and a tunic which was addressed here not all. The colon was characterized by a delicate lining that is moisturized by mucus and also by a gel that is a byproduct of bacterial fermentation. This study was performed in three health camels which contain a different segments of the colon (proximal anza, centripetal, centrifugal, and distal anza), rectum and anus were histologically examined. The epithelium facing the lumen of the colon is covered with openings of tubular intestinal glands that penetrate deep into the thick mucosa. The glands consist of absorptive cells that absorb water and goblet cells that secrete mucus. In addition, the scattered Paneth cells were observed which given a role in regulation of normal flora of the small intestine and the role for the secretion of digestive enzyme and growth factor.